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Zhang P, Liu H, Xu S, He Y, He X, Sun B, Hu J. Direct Construction of 1,4-Dihydropyridazines and Pyrazoles via Annulation of Alkyl 2-Aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9853-9860. [PMID: 38822472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and chemodivergent synthesis of highly functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridazines and pyrazoles has been accomplished via base-promoted annulation between hydrazones and alkyl 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates, respectively. This transition-metal-free domino reaction proceeded rapidly under mild basic conditions, affording potentially bioactive 1,4-dihydropyridazine and pyrazole derivatives in moderate yields. The conversion of 1,4-dihydropyridazine to pyrazole was confirmed by adjusting the quantity of the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials, University of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, P. R. China
| | - Huili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials, University of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials, University of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials, University of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, P. R. China
| | - Xinhao He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials, University of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials, University of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, P. R. China
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2
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DFT Study of Regio- and Stereoselective 13DC Reaction between Diazopropane and Substituted Chalcone Derivatives: Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041899. [PMID: 36838888 PMCID: PMC9964806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a combination of experimental and density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the (3+2) cycloaddition reactions of diazopropane with chalcone derivatives was reported. All calculations were performed using several DFT approaches (B3LYP, M06, M06-2X) and 6-311+G(d, p) basis set. Based on the NMR, MS analyses and IRC calculations, the pyrazole derivatives are the kinetic adducts over the oxadiazoles. The use of two equivalents of diazopropane leads to thermodynamical products. A molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the efficiency of the obtained products against selected drug targets in anti-Alzheimer ligand-receptor interactions. We revealed that the ligands selected were bound mainly to the catalytic (CAS) and peripheral (PAS) anionic sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, respectively. The selected ligands 1, 3, 4 and P14 may act as the best inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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3
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Hsiao WC, Hsin KY, Wu ZW, Song JS, Yeh YN, Chen YF, Tsai CH, Chen PH, Shia KS, Chang CP, Hung MS. Modulating the affinity and signaling bias of cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists. Bioorg Chem 2022; 130:106236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Tricyclic Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Useful Scaffolds for Cannabinoid CB 1/CB 2 Receptor Interaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082126. [PMID: 33917187 PMCID: PMC8068016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids comprise different classes of compounds, which aroused interest in recent years because of their several pharmacological properties. Such properties include analgesic activity, bodyweight reduction, the antiemetic effect, the reduction of intraocular pressure and many others, which appear correlated to the affinity of cannabinoids towards CB1 and/or CB2 receptors. Within the search aiming to identify novel chemical scaffolds for cannabinoid receptor interaction, the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist pyrazole-based derivative rimonabant has been modified, giving rise to several tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, most of which endowed of high affinity and selectivity for CB1 or CB2 receptors. The aim of this review is to present the synthesis and summarize the SAR study of such tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, evidencing, for some derivatives, their potential in the treatment of neuropathic pain, obesity or in the management of glaucoma.
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5
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Quarta C, Cota D. Anti-obesity therapy with peripheral CB1 blockers: from promise to safe(?) practice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2179-2193. [PMID: 32317751 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological blockers of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) have been considered for a long time as the holy grail of obesity pharmacotherapy. These agents were hastily released in the clinical setting, due to their clear-cut therapeutic efficacy. However, the first generation of these drugs, which were able to target both the brain and peripheral tissues, had serious neuropsychiatric effects, leading authorities to ban their clinical use. New peripherally restricted CB1 blockers, characterized by low brain penetrance, have been developed over the past 10 years. In preclinical studies, these molecules seem to overcome the neuropsychiatric negative effects previously observed with brain-penetrant CB1 inhibitors, while retaining or even outperforming their efficacy. The mechanisms of action of these peripherally restricted compounds are only beginning to emerge, and a balanced discussion of the risk/benefits ratio associated to their possible clinical use is urgently needed, in order to avoid repeating past mistakes. Here, we will critically discuss the advantages and the possible hidden threats associated with the use of peripheral CB1 blockers for the pharmacotherapy of obesity and its associated metabolic complications. We will address whether this novel pharmacological approach might 'compete' with current pharmacotherapies for obesity and diabetes, while also conceptualizing future CB1-based pharmacological trends that may significantly lower the risk/benefits ratio associated with the use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Quarta
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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6
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The therapeutic potential of second and third generation CB1R antagonists. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Nguyen T, Thomas BF, Zhang Y. Overcoming the Psychiatric Side Effects of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists: Current Approaches for Therapeutics Development. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1418-1435. [PMID: 31284863 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190708164841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor (CB1R) is involved in a variety of physiological pathways and has long been considered a golden target for therapeutic manipulation. A large body of evidence in both animal and human studies suggests that CB1R antagonism is highly effective for the treatment of obesity, metabolic disorders and drug addiction. However, the first-in-class CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist, rimonabant, though demonstrating effectiveness for obesity treatment and smoking cessation, displays serious psychiatric side effects, including anxiety, depression and even suicidal ideation, resulting in its eventual withdrawal from the European market. Several strategies are currently being pursued to circumvent the mechanisms leading to these side effects by developing neutral antagonists, peripherally restricted ligands, and allosteric modulators. In this review, we describe the progress in the development of therapeutics targeting the CB1R in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Brian F Thomas
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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8
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Amato G, Wiethe R, Manke A, Vasukuttan V, Snyder R, Runyon S, Maitra R. Functionalized 6-(piperidin-1-yl)-8,9-diphenyl purines as inverse agonists of the CB1 receptor - SAR efforts towards selectivity and peripheralization. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3632-3649. [PMID: 31301950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) may be useful in treating diabetes, hepatic disorders, and fibrosis. Otenabant (1) is a potent and selective CB1 inverse agonist that was under investigation as an anti-obesity agent, but its development was halted once adverse effects associated with another marketed inverse agonist rimonabant (2) became known. Non-tissue selective antagonists of CB1 that have high levels of brain penetration produce adverse effects in a small subset of patients including anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. Currently, efforts are underway to produce compounds that have limited brain penetration. In this report, novel analogs of 1 are explored to develop and test strategies for peripheralization. The piperidine of 1 is studied as a linker, which is functionalized with alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups using a connector in the form of an amine, amide, sulfonamide, sulfamide, carbamate, oxime, amidine, or guanidine. We also report more polar replacements for the 4-chlorophenyl group in the 9-position of the purine core, which improve calculated physical properties of the molecules. These studies resulted in compounds such as 75 that are potent inverse agonists of hCB1 with exceptional selectivity for hCB1 over hCB2. SAR studies revealed ways to adjust physical properties to limit brain exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Amato
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Robert Wiethe
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Amruta Manke
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Vineetha Vasukuttan
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Rodney Snyder
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Scott Runyon
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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9
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Zhao C, Rakesh KP, Ravidar L, Fang WY, Qin HL. Pharmaceutical and medicinal significance of sulfur (S VI)-Containing motifs for drug discovery: A critical review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:679-734. [PMID: 30496988 PMCID: PMC7111228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (SVI) based moieties, especially, the sulfonyl or sulfonamide based analogues have showed a variety of pharmacological properties, and its derivatives propose a high degree of structural diversity that has established useful for the finding of new therapeutic agents. The developments of new less toxic, low cost and highly active sulfonamides containing analogues are hot research topics in medicinal chemistry. Currently, more than 150 FDA approved Sulfur (SVI)-based drugs are available in the market, and they are widely used to treat various types of diseases with therapeutic power. This comprehensive review highlights the recent developments of sulfonyl or sulfonamides based compounds in huge range of therapeutic applications such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, carbonic anhydrase, antimalarial, anticancer and other medicinal agents. We believe that, this review article is useful to inspire new ideas for structural design and developments of less toxic and powerful Sulfur (SVI) based drugs against the numerous death-causing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR, China
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR, China.
| | - L Ravidar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR, China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR, China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR, China.
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10
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Chang CP, Huang HL, Huang JK, Hung MS, Wu CH, Song JS, Lee CJ, Yu CS, Shia KS. Fluorine-18 isotope labeling for positron emission tomography imaging. Direct evidence for DBPR211 as a peripherally restricted CB1 inverse agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:216-223. [PMID: 30528163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The [18F] isotope-labelled CB1 inverse agonist 3 was elaborated and synthesized for positron emission tomography scanning studies. After immediate purification and calibration with its unlabeled counterpart, compound 3 was intravenously injected in mice and revealed that its distribution percentage in brain over 90-min scans among five region of interests, including brain, liver, heart, thigh muscle and kidney was lower than 1%, thus providing direct evidence to justify itself as a peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ho-Lien Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Kai Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiu Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Huang Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Shin Song
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jui Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kak-Shan Shia
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
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11
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Zhang YM, Greco MN, Macielag MJ, Teleha CA, DesJarlais RL, Tang Y, Ho G, Hou C, Chen C, Zhao S, Kauffman J, Camacho R, Qi J, Murray W, Demarest K, Leonard J. 6-Benzhydryl-4-amino-quinolin-2-ones as Potent Cannabinoid Type 1 (CB 1) Receptor Inverse Agonists and Chemical Modifications for Peripheral Selectivity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10276-10298. [PMID: 30339387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 6-benzhydryl-4-amino-quinolin-2-ones was discovered as cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) inverse agonists based on the high-throughput screening hit, compound 1a. Structure-activity relationships were studied to improve in vitro/in vivo pharmacology and restrict distribution to the peripheral circulation. We adopted several strategies such as increasing topological polar surface area, incorporating discrete polyethylene glycol side chains, and targeting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to minimize access to the brain. Compound 6a is a P-gp substrate and a potent and highly selective CB1R inverse agonist, demonstrating excellent in vivo metabolic stability and a low brain to plasma ratio. However, brain receptor occupancy studies showed that compound 6a may accumulate in brain with repeat dosing. This was evidenced by compound 6a inhibiting food intake and inducing weight loss in diet-induced obese mice. Thus, a strategy based on P-gp efflux may not be adequate for peripheral restriction of the disclosed quinolinone series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mei Zhang
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Michael N Greco
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Mark J Macielag
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Christopher A Teleha
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Renee L DesJarlais
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Yuting Tang
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - George Ho
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Cuifen Hou
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Cailin Chen
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Shuyuan Zhao
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Jack Kauffman
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Raul Camacho
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Jenson Qi
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - William Murray
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - Keith Demarest
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
| | - James Leonard
- Janssen Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477-0776 , United States
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12
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Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of functionalized 6-piperazin-1-yl-purines as cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4518-4531. [PMID: 30077609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) may have utility in the treatment of obesity, liver disease, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemias. We have targeted analogues of the purine inverse agonist otenabant (1) for this purpose. The non-tissue selective CB1 antagonist rimonabant (2) was approved as a weight-loss agent in Europe but produced centrally mediated adverse effects in some patients including dysphoria and suicidal ideation leading to its withdrawal. Efforts are now underway to produce compounds with limited brain exposure. While many structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 2 have been reported, along with peripheralized compounds, 1 remains relatively less studied. In this report, we pursued analogues of 1 in which the 4-aminopiperidine group was switched to piperazine group to enable a better understanding of SAR to eventually produce compounds with limited brain penetration. To access a binding pocket and modulate physical properties, the piperazine was functionalized with alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups using a variety of connectors, including amides, sulfonamides, carbamates and ureas. These studies resulted in compounds that are potent antagonists of hCB1 with high selectivity for hCB1 over hCB2. The SAR obtained led to the discovery of 65 (Ki = 4 nM, >1,000-fold selective for hCB1 over hCB2), an orally bioavailable aryl urea with reduced brain penetration, and provides direction for discovering peripherally restricted compounds with good in vitro and in vivo properties.
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13
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Thombal RS, Lee YR. Synergistic Indium and Silver Dual Catalysis: A Regioselective [2 + 2 + 1]-Oxidative N-Annulation Approach for the Diverse and Polyfunctionalized N-Arylpyrazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:4681-4685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju S. Thombal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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14
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Amato GS, Manke A, Harris DL, Wiethe RW, Vasukuttan V, Snyder RW, Lefever TW, Cortes R, Zhang Y, Wang S, Runyon SP, Maitra R. Blocking Alcoholic Steatosis in Mice with a Peripherally Restricted Purine Antagonist of the Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4370-4385. [PMID: 29688015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonists have demonstrated promise for the treatment of obesity, liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemias. However, the inhibition of CB1 receptors in the central nervous system can produce adverse effects, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Efforts are now underway to produce peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists to circumvent CNS-associated undesirable effects. In this study, a series of analogues were explored in which the 4-aminopiperidine group of compound 2 was replaced with aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted piperazine groups both with and without a spacer. This resulted in mildly basic, potent antagonists of human CB1 (hCB1). The 2-chlorobenzyl piperazine, 25, was found to be potent ( Ki = 8 nM); to be >1000-fold selective for hCB1 over hCB2; to have no hERG liability; and to possess favorable ADME properties including high oral absorption and negligible CNS penetration. Compound 25 was tested in a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver steatosis and found to be efficacious. Taken together, 25 represents an exciting lead compound for further clinical development or refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Amato
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Amruta Manke
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Danni L Harris
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Robert W Wiethe
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Vineetha Vasukuttan
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Timothy W Lefever
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Ricardo Cortes
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Scott P Runyon
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Discovery Science and Technology , RTI International , 3040 Cornwallis Road , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
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15
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Sharghi H, Aboonajmi J, Mozaffari M, Doroodmand MM, Aberi M. Application and developing of iron‐doped multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Fe/MWCNTs) as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Sharghi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Jasem Aboonajmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Mozaffari
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Aberi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
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16
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Zhu B, Matthews JM, Xia M, Black S, Chen C, Hou C, Liang Y, Tang Y, Macielag MJ. Tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3- c ]pyridine derivatives as potent and peripherally selective cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5597-5601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Yuan B, Zhang F, Li Z, Yang S, Yan R. AgNO 2 as the NO Source for the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazole N-Oxides from N-Propargylamines. Org Lett 2016; 18:5928-5931. [PMID: 27802059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward method for synthesizing the pyrazole N-oxides from N-propargylamines and AgNO2 through oxidation/cyclization reaction had been developed. AgNO2 was used as the NO source for the first time to synthesize pyrazole N-oxides. Various substituted groups on N-propargylamines proceeded smoothly, and the desired products were obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utiliztion of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utiliztion of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuomei Li
- The Middle School Attached to Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utiliztion of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utiliztion of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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18
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Tetrahydroindazole derivatives as potent and peripherally selective cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5346-5349. [PMID: 27671496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent and receptor-selective cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor inverse agonists has been discovered. Peripheral selectivity of the compounds was assessed by a mouse tissue distribution study, in which the concentrations of a test compound in both plasma and brain were measured. A number of peripherally selective compounds have been identified through this process. Compound 2p was further evaluated in a 3-week efficacy study in the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Beneficial effects on plasma glucose were observed from the compound-treated mice.
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19
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Fan XW, Lei T, Zhou C, Meng QY, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Radical Addition of Hydrazones by α-Bromo Ketones To Prepare 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles via Visible Light Catalysis. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7127-33. [PMID: 27362866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel efficient tandem reaction of hydrazones and α-bromo ketones is reported for the preparation of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles by visible light catalysis. In this system, the monosubstituted hydrazones show wonderful reaction activity with alkyl radicals, generated from α-bromo ketones. A radical addition followed by intramolecular cyclization affords the important pyrazole skeleton in good to excellent yields. This efficient strategy under mild conditions with wide group tolerance provides a potential approach to the 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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20
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Jarrige L, Levitre G, Masson G. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Azoles with α-Carbamoyl Sulfides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7230-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jarrige
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Levitre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
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21
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Chen CC, Lee TY, Kwok CF, Hsu YP, Shih KC, Lin YJ, Ho LT. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 mediates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance by increasing forkhead box O1 activity in a mouse model of obesity. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:743-54. [PMID: 26847930 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production is promoted by forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) under conditions of insulin resistance. The overactivity of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) partly causes increased liver fat deposits and metabolic dysfunction in obese rodents by decreasing mitochondrial function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of FoxO1 in CB1R-mediated insulin resistance through the dysregulation of mitochondrial function in the livers of mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. For this purpose, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to groups and either fed a standard diet (STD), a HFD, or a HFD with 1-week treatment of the CB1R inverse agonist, AM251, at 1 or 5 mg/kg. For in vitro experiments, AML12 hepatocytes were incubated with FoxO1 siRNA prior to challenge with arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) or a high concentration of free fatty acids (HFFA). Plasma parameters were analyzed using colorimetric methods. Liver histopathology and hepatic status markers were examined. The HFD-fed mice exhibited an increase in CB1R levels in the liver. Moreover, in response to increased hepatic oxidative stress, the HFD-fed mice also displayed hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by the decreased mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and citrate synthase. On the contrary, these effects in the HFD-fed mice were reversed by treatment with 5 mg/kg AM251. The administration of AM251 suppressed the induction of FoxO1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) expression in the livers of the mice fed a HFD by enhancing the phosphorylation of insulin signaling cascades thus, further lowering the high level of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR) index. In our in vitro experiments, transfection with FoxO1 siRNA prevented the HFFA- and ACEA-induced decrease in the gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors, and abrogated the HFFA- and ACEA-induced increase in PEPCK and G6Pase expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that the anti-insulin resistance effect of AM251, which leads to an improvement of mitochondrial function in hepatic steatosis, is mediated through FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chang Chen
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fai Kwok
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Pei Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yan-Jie Lin
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Low-Tone Ho
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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22
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Tucker JW, Chenard L, Young JM. Selective Access to Heterocyclic Sulfonamides and Sulfonyl Fluorides via a Parallel Medicinal Chemistry Enabled Method. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:653-7. [PMID: 26434694 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sulfur-functionalized aminoacrolein derivative is used for the efficient and selective synthesis of heterocyclic sulfonyl chlorides, sulfonyl fluorides, and sulfonamides. The development of a 3-step parallel medicinal chemistry (PMC) protocol for the synthesis of pyrazole-4-sulfonamides effectively demonstrates the utility of this reagent. This reactivity was expanded to provide rapid access to other heterocyclic sulfonyl fluorides, including pyrimidines and pyridines, whose corresponding sulfonyl chlorides lack suitable chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Tucker
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lois Chenard
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph M. Young
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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23
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Lee SJ, Bae JY, Cho CW. Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of ChiralN-Substituted Pyrazoles by Aza-Michael Reaction. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Sun J, Qiu JK, Zhu YL, Guo C, Hao WJ, Jiang B, Tu SJ. Metal-Free Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fully Substituted Pyrazoles and Its Sulphenylation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8217-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Kai Qiu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Long Zhu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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25
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Young JM, Lee AG, Chandrasekaran RY, Tucker JW. The Synthesis of Alkyl and (Hetero)aryl Sulfonamides From Sulfamoyl Inner Salts. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8417-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Young
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aisha G. Lee
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ramalakshmi Y. Chandrasekaran
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph W. Tucker
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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26
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Hsiao WC, Shia KS, Wang YT, Yeh YN, Chang CP, Lin Y, Chen PH, Wu CH, Chao YS, Hung MS. A novel peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, BPR0912, reduces weight independently of food intake and modulates thermogenesis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:495-504. [PMID: 25656402 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the in vivo metabolic effects of treatment with BPR0912, a novel and potent peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist, on both normal mice and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS The acute peripheral effects of BPR0912 administration on gastrointestinal transit and energy metabolism in normal mice were investigated. The effects of chronic BPR0912 treatment were compared with those of rimonabant using DIO mice. Alterations to body weight and biochemical and metabolic variables were determined. RESULTS Acute treatment with BPR0912 did not alter food intake or energy metabolism, but efficiently reversed CB1R-mediated gastrointestinal delay. Chronic treatment of DIO mice with BPR0912 showed that BPR0912 exerts a food intake-independent mechanism, which contributes to weight loss. Genes involved in β-oxidation and thermogenesis were upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) in addition to increased lipolytic activity, whereas Ucp1 expression was induced in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and body temperature was elevated. Expression of the β2-adrenoceptor was specifically elevated in both WAT and BAT in a manner dependent on the BPR0912 dose. Lastly, chronic BPR0912 treatment was more efficacious than rimonabant in reducing hepatic triglycerides in DIO mice. CONCLUSION BPR0912 exhibits significant in vivo efficacy in inducing food intake-independent weight loss in DIO mice, while tending to reduce their hepatic steatosis. The thermogenic effects of BPR0912, as well as its modulation of protein and gene expression patterns in WAT and BAT, may enhance its efficacy as an anti-obesity agent. The results of the present study support the benefits of the use of peripheral CB1R antagonists to combat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Hsiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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27
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Kamal A, Sastry KNV, Chandrasekhar D, Mani GS, Adiyala PR, Nanubolu JB, Singarapu KK, Maurya RA. One-Pot, Three-Component Approach to the Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4325-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - K. N. Visweswara Sastry
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - D. Chandrasekhar
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Geeta Sai Mani
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Praveen Reddy Adiyala
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Centre
for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Singarapu
- Centre
for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ram Awatar Maurya
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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28
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Abstract
After many years of research, obesity is still a disease with an unmet medical need. Very few compounds have been approved, acting mainly on neuromediators; researches, in recent years, pointed toward compounds potentially safer than first-generation antiobesity drugs, able to interact with one or more (multitarget therapy) receptors for substances produced by the gut, adipose tissue and other targets outside CNS. Other holistic approaches, such as those involving gut microbiota and plant extracts, appeared recently in the literature, and undoubtedly will contribute to the discovery of a valuable therapy for this disease. This review deals with the positive results and the pitfalls obtained following these approaches, with a view on their clinical trial studies.
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