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Hillebrand L, Liang XJ, Serafim RAM, Gehringer M. Emerging and Re-emerging Warheads for Targeted Covalent Inhibitors: An Update. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7668-7758. [PMID: 38711345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors and other types of covalent modalities have seen a revival in the past two decades, with a variety of new targeted covalent drugs having been approved in recent years. A key feature of such molecules is an intrinsically reactive group, typically a weak electrophile, which enables the irreversible or reversible formation of a covalent bond with a specific amino acid of the target protein. This reactive group, often called the "warhead", is a critical determinant of the ligand's activity, selectivity, and general biological properties. In 2019, we summarized emerging and re-emerging warhead chemistries to target cysteine and other amino acids (Gehringer, M.; Laufer, S. A. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, 5673-5724; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01153). Since then, the field has rapidly evolved. Here we discuss the progress on covalent warheads made since our last Perspective and their application in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Julia Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A M Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Gonschorek P, Zorzi A, Maric T, Le Jeune M, Schüttel M, Montagnon M, Gómez-Ojea R, Vollmar DP, Whitfield C, Reymond L, Carle V, Verma H, Schilling O, Hovnanian A, Heinis C. Phage Display Selected Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases 5 and 7 and Their In Vivo Delivery to the Skin. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9735-9749. [PMID: 35653695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases 5 (KLK5) and 7 (KLK7) are serine proteases with homeostatic functions in the epidermis that play a critical role in Netherton syndrome (NS), a rare yet life-threatening genetic disorder that currently lacks specific treatment. Previous research suggests that controlling KLKs could lead to the development of NS therapies, but existing synthetic inhibitors have limitations. Herein, we used phage display to screen libraries comprising more than 100 billion different cyclic peptides and found selective, high-affinity inhibitors of KLK5 (Ki = 2.2 ± 0.1 nM) and KLK7 (Ki = 16 ± 4 nM). By eliminating protease-prone sites and conjugating the inhibitors to an albumin-binding peptide, we enhanced the inhibitor stability and prolonged the elimination half-life to around 5 h in mice. In tissue sections taken from mice, a fluorescently labeled peptide was detected in the epidermis, suggesting that the inhibitors can reach the KLKs upon systemic delivery and should be suited to control deregulated protease activity in NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gonschorek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Zorzi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Maric
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Le Jeune
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mischa Schüttel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Montagnon
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Rebeca Gómez-Ojea
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Denis Patrick Vollmar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Whitfield
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Luc Reymond
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Carle
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Hitesh Verma
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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Zani MB, Sant'Ana AM, Tognato RC, Chagas JR, Puzer L. Human Tissue Kallikreins-Related Peptidases Are Targets for the Treatment of Skin Desquamation Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:777619. [PMID: 35356049 PMCID: PMC8959125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.777619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissue Kallikrein-related peptidases (hKLKs) are serine proteases distributed in several tissues that are involved in several biological processes. In skin, many are responsible for skin desquamation in the Stratum Corneum (SC) of the epidermis, specially hKLK5, hKLK7, hKLK6, hKLK8, and hKLK14. In SC, hKLKs cleave proteins of corneodesmosomes, an important structure responsible to maintain corneocytes attached. As part of skin desquamation, hKLKs are also involved in skin diseases with abnormal desquamation and inflammation, such as Atopic Dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and the rare disease Netherton Syndrome (NS). Many studies point to hKLK overexpression or overactive in skin diseases, and they are also part of the natural skin inflammation process, through the PAR2 cleavage pathway. Therefore, the control of hKLK activity may offer successful treatments for skin diseases, improving the quality of life in patients. Diseases like AD, Psoriasis, and NS have an impact on social life, causing pain, itchy and mental disorders. In this review, we address the molecular mechanisms of skin desquamation, emphasizing the roles of human tissue Kallikrein-related peptidases, and the promising therapies targeting the inhibition of hKLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo B. Zani
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Aquiles M. Sant'Ana
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Tognato
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Jair R. Chagas
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Puzer
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciano Puzer
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Hajizadeh M, Moosavi-Movahedi Z, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. An outlook on suicide enzyme inhibition and drug design. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 19. [PMCID: PMC8501922 DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
There have been recent renewed interests in the importance of suicide enzyme inhibition. The principal objective of this review is to investigate all types of suicide inhibitions for natural enzymes, artificial biocatalysts as well as therapeutic potential of enzyme suicide inhibition. It is discussed the suicide inhibition beneficial in drug design and treatments and non-beneficial achievements for some industrial enzymes such as HRP peroxidase enzyme. The design of biomimetic artificial enzymes explained to prevent inhibition by protecting the active site via environmental conditions. Suicide enzyme inhibition development can be the key mechanism against sever diseases such as SARS. In this report, suicide enzyme inactivation classes are classified based on target enzyme groups via their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hajizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
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Xiang F, Wang Y, Cao C, Li Q, Deng H, Zheng J, Liu X, Tan X. The Role of Kallikrein 7 in Tumorigenesis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2617-2631. [PMID: 34525904 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210915104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein 7 (KLK7) is a secreted serine protease with chymotrypsic protease activity. Abnormally high expression of KLK7 is closely related to the occurrence and development of various types of cancer. Therefore, KLK7 has been identified as a potential target for cancer drug development design in recent years. KLK7 mediates various biological and pathological processes in tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell metabolism, by hydrolyzing a series of substrates such as membrane proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and cytokines. This review mainly introduces the downstream cell signaling pathways involved in the activation of KLK7 and its substrate-related proteins. This review will not only help us to better understand the mechanisms of KLK7 in regulating biological and pathological processes of cancer cells, but also lay a solid foundation for the design of inhibitors targeting KLK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Chunyu Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Hao Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China.,The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003. China
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Liddle J, Beneton V, Benson M, Bingham R, Bouillot A, Boullay AB, Brook E, Cryan J, Denis A, Edgar E, Ferrie A, Fouchet MH, Grillot D, Holmes DS, Howes A, Krysa G, Laroze A, Lennon M, McClure F, Moquette A, Nicodeme E, Santiago B, Santos L, Smith KJ, Thorpe JH, Thripp G, Trottet L, Walker AL, Ward SA, Wang Y, Wilson S, Pearce AC, Hovnanian A. A Potent and Selective Kallikrein-5 Inhibitor Delivers High Pharmacological Activity in Skin from Patients with Netherton Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2272-2279. [PMID: 33744298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of proteolytic activity in the skin plays a pivotal role in epidermal homeostasis. This is best exemplified in Netherton syndrome, a severe genetic skin condition caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 encoding lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor, a serine protease inhibitor that regulates kallikrein (KLK)-related peptidase 5, 7, and 14 activities. KLK5 plays a central role in stratum corneum shedding and inflammatory cell signaling, activates KLK7 and KLK14, and is therefore an optimal therapeutic target. We aimed to identify a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of KLK5 amenable to epidermal delivery. GSK951 was identified using a structure-based design strategy and showed a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 250 pM for KLK5 and greater than 100-fold selectivity over KLK7 and KLK14. Cocrystal structure analysis identified the critical catalytic site interactions to a surrogate for KLK5. Topical application of GSK951-containing cream inhibited KLK5 activity in TgKLK5 mouse skin, reduced transepidermal water loss, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine expression. GSK951 achieved high concentrations in healthy human epidermis following topical application in a cream formulation. Finally, KLK5 protease activity was increased in stratum corneum of patients with Netherton syndrome and significantly inhibited by GSK951. These findings unveil a KLK5-specific small-molecule inhibitor with a high therapeutic potential for patients with Netherton syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Liddle
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Benson
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Bingham
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eloisa Brook
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Jenni Cryan
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma Edgar
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ferrie
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Duncan S Holmes
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh Howes
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mark Lennon
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona McClure
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Brandon Santiago
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, GSK Dermatology Unit, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leandro Santos
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, GSK Dermatology Unit, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathrine J Smith
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - James H Thorpe
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Thripp
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ann L Walker
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A Ward
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Yichen Wang
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Steve Wilson
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Pearce
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker hospital for sick children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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7
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Romano de Carvalho D, Farias Ximenes V, Groppo M, Cardoso CL. Ligand screening assay for the enzyme kallikrein immobilized on NHS-activated Sepharose. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114026. [PMID: 33774457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are serine proteases involved in various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer and neurological disorders. These enzymes constitute attractive drug targets, which has stimulated the search for new KLK inhibitors. In this study, we have covalently immobilized porcine pancreas KLK on an NHS-activated Sepharose matrix, to obtain KLK-Sepharose-NHS. The immobilized enzyme showed high recovered activity and maintained the ability of free KLK to recognize the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC (KMapp = 10.3 ± 0.9 μM). As proof of concept, we used leupeptin as a reference inhibitor to perform inhibition studies for KLK-Sepharose-NHS and to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.01 μM), the inhibition constant (Ki = 0.06 μM), and the leupeptin inhibition mechanism. We evaluated several complex matrixes (plant crude extract) by the same bioassay, to demonstrate their applicability. The species Solanum lycocarpum, Stryphnodendron adstringens, and Psychotria carthagenensis gave the best results. KLK-Sepharose-NHS was fully active after six consecutive reaction cycles and retained about 60 % of its initial activity after being used for at least five months, so the bioassay developed herein is a promising strategy to screen and to identify KLK ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Romano de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carmen Lúcia Cardoso
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Cromatografia de Bioafinidade e Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Role of Kallikrein 7 in Body Weight and Fat Mass Regulation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020131. [PMID: 33572949 PMCID: PMC7912635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma and adipose tissue protease activity is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. It has been proposed that specific proteases contribute to the link between obesity, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic diseases. We have recently shown that ablation of the serine protease kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (Klk7) specifically in adipose tissue preserves systemic insulin sensitivity and protects mice from obesity-related AT inflammation. Here, we investigated whether whole body Klk7 knockout (Klk7-/-) mice develop a phenotype distinct from that caused by reduced Klk7 expression in adipose tissue. Compared to littermate controls, Klk7-/- mice gain less body weight and fat mass both under chow and high fat diet (HFD) feeding, are hyper-responsive to exogenous insulin and exhibit preserved adipose tissue function due to adipocyte hyperplasia and lower inflammation. Klk7-/- mice exhibit increased adipose tissue thermogenesis, which is not related to altered thyroid function. These data strengthen our recently proposed role of Klk7 in the regulation of body weight, energy metabolism, and obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction. The protective effects of Klk7 deficiency in obesity are likely linked to a significant limitation of adipocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, our data indicate potential application of specific KLK7 inhibitors to regulate KLK7 activity in the development of obesity and counteract obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic diseases.
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Petrova E, Hovnanian A. Advances in understanding of Netherton syndrome and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1857724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Departement of Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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10
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Di Paolo CT, Filippou PS, Yu Y, Poda G, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Screening of chemical libraries in pursuit of kallikrein-5 specific inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1737-1743. [PMID: 31129650 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Aberrant kallikrein activity is observed in a number of inflammatory dermatoses. Up-regulation of kallikrein-5 (KLK5) activity leads to uncontrolled skin desquamation and cleavage of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), causing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and disruption of epidermal barrier function. This study aimed to identify KLK5-specific small molecule inhibitors which can serve as the foundation of a novel therapeutic for inflammatory skin disorders. Methods Five chemical libraries (13,569 compounds total) were screened against recombinant KLK5 using a fluorogenic enzymatic assay. Secondary validation was performed on the top 22 primary hits. All hits were docked in the KLK5 crystal structure to rationalize their potential interactions with the protein. Results A naturally occurring compound derived from the wood of Caesalpinia sappan (Brazilin) was identified as a novel KLK5 inhibitor (IC50: 20 μM, Ki: 6.4 μM). Docking suggests that the phenolic moiety of Brazilin binds in the S1-pocket of KLK5 and forms a H-bond with S195 side chain. KLK14 was also found to be susceptible to inhibition by Brazilin with a calculated IC50 value of 14.6 μM. Conclusions Natural KLK5 small molecule inhibitors such as Brazilin, are ideal for topical skin disease drug design and remain a promising therapeutic for severe cases of inflammatory skin disorders. Optimized KLK inhibitors may have increased efficacy as therapeutics and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin T Di Paolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yijing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gennadiy Poda
- Drug Discovery, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Head of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, 60 Murray St., Box 32, Floor 6, Rm L6-201, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, 6th Floor, Room 6-201 [Box 32], Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada
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Lehman H, Gordon C. The Skin as a Window into Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases: Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 7:788-798. [PMID: 30832893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary immune deficiency diseases characteristically present with recurrent, severe, or unusual infections. These infections may often involve the skin, with mucocutaneous candidal infections seen in a variety of different primary immune deficiencies. Primary immune deficiencies may also present with noninfectious cutaneous complications, of which eczema is the most common. In a patient with suspected primary immune deficiency, the presence of eczema or candidal skin infections offers critical information about the underlying immune defect, either the presence of atopy or defect in the TH17 pathway, respectively. These skin manifestations also are often early or heralding findings of the underlying immunologic disease. Therefore, awareness of associations between these skin findings and specific immune deficiencies may aide in the early detection and treatment of serious or life-threatening immunologic defects. This review specifically will focus on the primary immune deficiencies commonly associated with eczema or mucocutaneous candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Lehman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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12
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Hanke S, Tindall CA, Pippel J, Ulbricht D, Pirotte B, Reboud-Ravaux M, Heiker JT, Sträter N. Structural Studies on the Inhibitory Binding Mode of Aromatic Coumarinic Esters to Human Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 7. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5723-5733. [PMID: 32374603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a member of the human tissue kallikreins. Its dysregulation leads to pathophysiological inflammatory processes in the skin. Furthermore, it plays a role in several types of cancer. For the treatment of KLK7-associated diseases, coumarinic esters have been developed as small-molecule enzyme inhibitors. To characterize the inhibition mode of these inhibitors, we analyzed structures of the inhibited protease by X-ray crystallography. Electron density shows the inhibitors covalently attached to His57 of the catalytic triad. This confirms the irreversible character of the inhibition process. Upon inhibitor binding, His57 undergoes an outward rotation; thus, the catalytic triad of the protease is disrupted. Besides, the halophenyl moiety of the inhibitor was absent in the final enzyme-inhibitor complex due to the hydrolysis of the ester linkage. With these results, we analyze the structural basis of KLK7 inhibition by the covalent attachment of aromatic coumarinic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hanke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catherine A Tindall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Pippel
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Ulbricht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Adaptation biologique et Vieillissement, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - John T Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at Leipzig University and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Breidenbach J, Bartz U, Gütschow M. Coumarin as a structural component of substrates and probes for serine and cysteine proteases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140445. [PMID: 32405284 PMCID: PMC7219385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins represent well-established structures to introduce fluorescence into tool compounds for biochemical investigations. They are valued for their small size, chemical stability and accessibility as well as their tunable photochemical properties. As components of fluorophore/quencher pairs or FRET donor/acceptor pairs, coumarins have frequently been applied in substrate mapping approaches for serine and cysteine proteases. This review also focuses on the incorporation of coumarins into the side chain of amino acids and the exploitation of the resulting fluorescent amino acids for the positional profiling of protease substrates. The protease-inhibiting properties of certain coumarin derivatives and the utilization of coumarin moieties to assemble activity-based probes for serine and cysteine proteases are discussed as well. Coumarins represent well-established structures to introduce fluorescence into tool compounds for biochemical investigations. They are valued for their small size, chemical stability and accessibility as well as their tunable photochemical properties. Coumarins are components of fluorophore/quencher pairs or FRET donor/acceptor pairs in substrate mapping of proteases. Coumarins have been incorporated into amino acids side chains to be used for the positional profiling of protease substrates. Coumarins have protease-inhibiting properties and are used for activity-based probes for serine and cysteine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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14
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Flora A, Smith A. Netherton's Syndrome: A Case of Two Male Siblings Diagnosed in Adulthood. Case Rep Dermatol 2020; 12:64-69. [PMID: 32355487 PMCID: PMC7184789 DOI: 10.1159/000507359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Netherton's syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a germline mutation in the SPINK5 gene. It is most commonly diagnosed in neonates due to the presence of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Affected individuals will typically also develop a hair shaft abnormality known as trichorrhexis invaginata, severe atopy, and a migratory rash known as ichythyosis linearis circumflexa. The chronicity and severity of NS adversely affects a patient's quality of life to a large extent. It Is therefore important that this condition is identified early, and treatment to reduce cutaneous inflammation is initiated in a timely fashion. However, due to this condition being relatively rare, a lack of awareness may lead clinicians to misdiagnose it as atopic dermatitis or undifferentiated psoriasis. Clinicians should therefore be aware of the peripheral stigmata that this disease may present as in adulthood, so that a correct diagnosis can be made if it was previously missed. Here we present a case of two male siblings from Jordon who were misdiagnosed since childhood as having erythrodermic psoriasis. Clinical examination of one of the siblings, as an adult, revealed multiple peripheral features associated with NS. Genetic analysis through sanger sequencing was also able to identify a mutation in the SPINK5 gene, confirming the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Flora
- Discipline of Medicine, The Central Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annika Smith
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Ma J, Li L, Yue K, Li Y, Liu H, Wang PG, Wang C, Wang J, Luo W, Xie S. Bromocoumarinplatin, targeting simultaneously mitochondria and nuclei with p53 apoptosis pathway to overcome cisplatin resistance. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103768. [PMID: 32217375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria as one of potential anticancer target, alternatively damaging mtDNA other than nDNA is a potential method for platinum-based anticancer drugs to overcome cisplatin resistance. We herein report that bromocoumarinplatin 1, a coumarin-Pt(IV) prodrug, targeted simultaneously mitochondria and nuclei with the contents of Pt in nDNA and mtDNA were 25.75% and 65.91%, respectively, which demonstrated mtDNA apoptosis played a key role in overcoming cisplatin resistance. Moreover, 1 promoted the expression of p53 gene and protein more effectively than cisplatin, leading to the increased anticancer activity of 1 through p53 pathway. The property of preferential accumulation in cancer cells (Snu-368 and Snu-739) compared to the matched normal cells (HL-7702 cells) demonstrated that 1 was potentially safe for clinical therapeutic use. In addition, the higher therapeutic indices of 1 for HCT-116 cells in vivo indicated that bromocoumarinplatin behaved a vital function in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Jinming Ave, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linrong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Jinming Ave, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kexin Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Jinming Ave, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingguang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Jinming Ave, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hanfang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Jinming Ave, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering; School of Basic Medicine Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Wen Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Songqiang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Jinming Ave, 475004, Kaifeng, China.
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16
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Zuo K, Qi Y, Yuan C, Jiang L, Xu P, Hu J, Huang M, Li J. Specifically targeting cancer proliferation and metastasis processes: the development of matriptase inhibitors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:507-524. [PMID: 31471691 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease, which has been suggested to play critical roles in numerous pathways of biological developments. Matriptase is the activator of several oncogenic proteins, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2). The activations of these matriptase substrates subsequently lead to the generation of plasmin, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), and the triggers for many other signaling pathways related to cancer proliferation and metastasis. Accordingly, matriptase is considered an emerging target for the treatments of cancer. Thus far, inhibitors of matriptase have been developed as potential anti-cancer agents, which include small-molecule inhibitors, peptide-based inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. This review covers established literature to summarize the chemical and biochemical aspects, especially the inhibitory mechanisms and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of matriptase inhibitors with the goal of proposing the strategies for their future developments in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zuo
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Qi
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Dr, 138673, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jianping Hu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Dos Santos JF, Borçari NR, da Silva Araújo M, Nunes VA. Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into keratinocytes and express epidermal kallikreins: Towards an in vitro model of human epidermis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13141-13155. [PMID: 30891818 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is a complex process in which keratinocytes go through morphological and biochemical changes in approximately 15 to 30 days. Abnormal keratinocyte differentiation is involved in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases. In this scenario, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerge as a promising approach to study skin biology in both normal and pathological conditions. Herein, we have studied the differentiation of MSC from umbilical cord into keratinocytes. MSC were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (proliferation medium) and, after characterization, differentiation was induced by culturing cells in a defined keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM) supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and calcium chloride ions. Cells cultivated in DMEM were used as control. Cultures were evaluated from day 1 to 23, based on the cell morphology, the expression of p63, involucrin and cytokeratins (KRTs) KRT5, KRT10 and KRT14, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence, and by the detection of epidermal kallikreins activity. In cells grown in keratinocyte serum-free medium with EGF and 1.8 mM calcium, KRT5 and KRT14 expression was shown at the first day, followed by the expression of p63 at the seventh day. KRT10 expression was detected from day seventh while involucrin was observed after this period. Data showed higher kallikrein (KLK) activity in KSFM-cultured cells from day 11th in comparison to control. These data indicate that MSC differentiated into keratinocytes similarly to that occurs in the human epidermis. KLK activity detection appears to be a good methodology for the monitoring the differentiation of MSC into the keratinocyte lineage, providing useful tools for the better understanding of the skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer Farias Dos Santos
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ruder Borçari
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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PRSS3/Mesotrypsin and kallikrein-related peptidase 5 are associated with poor prognosis and contribute to tumor cell invasion and growth in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1844. [PMID: 30755669 PMCID: PMC6372636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases have been implicated as key drivers and facilitators of lung cancer malignancy, and while these proteins represent straightforward targets for therapeutic inhibitors, identification of optimal points for intervention has been complicated by the complex networks in which these enzymes function. Here we implicate a signaling pathway consisting of PRSS3/mesotrypsin and kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) in lung adenocarcinoma malignancy. We show that elevated PRSS3/mesotrypsin expression is prognostic for poor outcome for patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and that genetic or pharmacologic targeting of PRSS3/mesotrypsin reduces lung adenocarcinoma cell invasiveness and proliferation. We further show that genetic targeting of KLK5, a known target of PRSS3/mesotrypsin, phenocopies the effect of PRSS3/mesotrypsin knockdown, and also that elevated expression of KLK5 is similarly prognostic for outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we use transcriptional profiling experiments to show that PRSS3/mesotrypsin and KLK5 control a common malignancy-promoting pathway. These experiments implicate a potential PRSS3/mesotrypsin-KLK5 signaling module in lung adenocarcinoma and reveal the potential therapeutic benefit of selectively targeting these pathways.
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19
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Murafuji H, Muto T, Goto M, Imajo S, Sugawara H, Oyama Y, Minamitsuji Y, Miyazaki S, Murai K, Fujioka H. Discovery and structure-activity relationship of imidazolinylindole derivatives as kallikrein 7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:334-338. [PMID: 30522951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of imidazolinylindole derivatives were discovered as novel kallikrein 7 (KLK7, stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme) inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of potent human KLK7 inhibitors. By further modification of the benzenesulfonyl moiety to overcome species differences in inhibitory activity, potent inhibitors against both human and mouse KLK7 were identified. Furthermore, the complex structure of 25 with mouse KLK7 could explain the SAR and the cause of the species differences in inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Murafuji
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd, 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Muto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd, 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Megumi Goto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd, 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seiichi Imajo
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd, 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugawara
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd, 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Oyama
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd, 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Minamitsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Kahler U, Fuchs JE, Goettig P, Liedl KR. An unexpected switch in peptide binding mode: from simulation to substrate specificity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 36:4072-4084. [PMID: 29210603 PMCID: PMC6334781 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1407674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A ten microsecond molecular dynamics simulation of a kallikrein-related peptidase 7 peptide complex revealed an unexpected change in binding mode. After more than two microseconds unrestrained sampling we observe a spontaneous transition of the binding pose including a 180° rotation around the P1 residue. Subsequently, the substrate peptide occupies the prime side region rather than the cognate non-prime side in a stable conformation. We characterize the unexpected binding mode in terms of contacts, solvent-accessible surface area, molecular interactions and energetic properties. We compare the new pose to inhibitor-bound structures of kallikreins with occupied prime side and find that a similar orientation is adopted. Finally, we apply in silico mutagenesis based on the alternative peptide binding position to explore the prime side specificity of kallikrein-related peptidase 7 and compare it to available experimental data. Our study provides the first microsecond time scale simulation data on a kallikrein protease and shows previously unexplored prime side interactions. Therefore, we expect our study to advance the rational design of inhibitors targeting kallikrein-related peptidase 7, an emerging drug target involved in several skin diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Kahler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University Innsbruck, Innrain 82, InnsbruckA-6020, Austria
| | - Julian E. Fuchs
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University Innsbruck, Innrain 82, InnsbruckA-6020, Austria
| | - Peter Goettig
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University Innsbruck, Innrain 82, InnsbruckA-6020, Austria
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21
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Amaral PDA, Autheman D, de Melo GD, Gouault N, Cupif JF, Goyard S, Dutra P, Coatnoan N, Cosson A, Monet D, Saul F, Haouz A, Uriac P, Blondel A, Minoprio P. Designed mono- and di-covalent inhibitors trap modeled functional motions for Trypanosoma cruzi proline racemase in crystallography. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006853. [PMID: 30372428 PMCID: PMC6224121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people in South America and no satisfactory therapy exists, especially for its life threatening chronic phase. We targeted the Proline Racemase of T. cruzi, which is present in all stages of the parasite life cycle, to discover new inhibitors against this disease. The first published crystal structures of the enzyme revealed that the catalytic site is too small to allow any relevant drug design. In previous work, to break through the chemical space afforded to virtual screening and drug design, we generated intermediate models between the open (ligand free) and closed (ligand bound) forms of the enzyme. In the present work, we co-crystallized the enzyme with the selected inhibitors and found that they were covalently bound to the catalytic cysteine residues in the active site, thus explaining why these compounds act as irreversible inhibitors. These results led us to the design of a novel, more potent specific inhibitor, NG-P27. Co-crystallization of this new inhibitor with the enzyme allowed us to confirm the predicted protein functional motions and further characterize the chemical mechanism. Hence, the catalytic Cys300 sulfur atom of the enzyme attacks the C2 carbon of the inhibitor in a coupled, regiospecific—stereospecific Michael reaction with trans-addition of a proton on the C3 carbon. Strikingly, the six different conformations of the catalytic site in the crystal structures reported in this work had key similarities to our intermediate models previously generated by inference of the protein functional motions. These crystal structures span a conformational interval covering roughly the first quarter of the opening mechanism, demonstrating the relevance of modeling approaches to break through chemical space in drug design. There is an urgent need to develop innovative medicines addressing neglected diseases, multi-drug resistance and other unmet therapeutic needs. To create new drug design opportunities, we attempted to exploit protein functional motions by using a rational approach to model structural intermediates of a therapeutic target. After successfully designing inhibitors based on modeled intermediates of T. Cruzi proline racemase, the determination of crystal structures of the target protein in complex with the inhibitors revealed conformations that were strikingly close to the predicted models. Thus, beyond the discovery of compounds establishing a novel mode of action that can lead to innovative treatments of Chagas disease, we illustrate how modeling protein functional motions can be exploited in a rational approach to create opportunities in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Aguiar Amaral
- Université de Rennes 1, Equipe Chimie organique et interfaces (CORINT), UMR 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Autheman
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
| | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Gouault
- Université de Rennes 1, Equipe Chimie organique et interfaces (CORINT), UMR 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Cupif
- Université de Rennes 1, Equipe Chimie organique et interfaces (CORINT), UMR 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Goyard
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Dutra
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Coatnoan
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
| | - Alain Cosson
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
| | - Damien Monet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Frederick Saul
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme de Cristallographie, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme de Cristallographie, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Uriac
- Université de Rennes 1, Equipe Chimie organique et interfaces (CORINT), UMR 6226 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (PU); (AB); (PM)
| | - Arnaud Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (PU); (AB); (PM)
| | - Paola Minoprio
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Processus Infectieux à Trypanosomatidés, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (PU); (AB); (PM)
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22
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Soualmia F, Bosc E, Amiri SA, Stratmann D, Magdolen V, Darmoul D, Reboud-Ravaux M, El Amri C. Insights into the activity control of the kallikrein-related peptidase 6: small-molecule modulators and allosterism. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1073-1078. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe activity of kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is deregulated in various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. KLK6 is thus considered as an attractive therapeutical target. In this short report, we depict some novel findings on the regulation of the KLK6 activity. Namely, we identified mechanism-based inhibitors (suicide substrates) from an in-house library of 6-substituted coumarin-3-carboxylate derivatives. In addition, a molecular dynamics study evidenced the allosteric behavior of KLK6 similar to that previously observed for some trypsin-like serine proteases. This allosteric behavior together with the coumarinic scaffold bring new opportunities for the design of KLK6 potent activity modulators, useful as therapeutics or activity-based probes.
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Rullo M, Pisani L. 4-Hydroxycoumarins as Michael donors in asymmetric routes to polycyclic coumarins (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Stefanachi A, Leonetti F, Pisani L, Catto M, Carotti A. Coumarin: A Natural, Privileged and Versatile Scaffold for Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:E250. [PMID: 29382051 PMCID: PMC6017103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many naturally occurring substances, traditionally used in popular medicines around the world, contain the coumarin moiety. Coumarin represents a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemists, because of its peculiar physicochemical features, and the versatile and easy synthetic transformation into a large variety of functionalized coumarins. As a consequence, a huge number of coumarin derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and tested to address many pharmacological targets in a selective way, e.g., selective enzyme inhibitors, and more recently, a number of selected targets (multitarget ligands) involved in multifactorial diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review an overview of the most recent synthetic pathways leading to mono- and polyfunctionalized coumarins will be presented, along with the main biological pathways of their biosynthesis and metabolic transformations. The many existing and recent reviews in the field prompted us to make some drastic selections, and therefore, the review is focused on monoamine oxidase, cholinesterase, and aromatase inhibitors, and on multitarget coumarins acting on selected targets of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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25
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Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 is a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12894-12906. [PMID: 29560118 PMCID: PMC5849182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with very poor prognosis, and the five-year survival rate of the patients is less than 5% after diagnosis. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) belong to a serine protease family with 15 members that play important roles in cellular physiological behavior and diseases. The high expression level of KLK7 in pancreatic cancer tissues is considered to be a marker for the poor prognosis of this disease. In this work, we set out to investigate whether KLK7 could be a target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed and constructed in lentivirus to knock down KLK7 in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, and the real time cellular analysis (RTCA) was used to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. Small molecules inhibiting KLK7 were discovered by computer-aided drug screening and used to inhibit PANC-1 cells. Our results confirmed that KLK7 is significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue, and knocking down or inhibiting KLK7 efficiently inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. This study suggested that KLK7 could be a potential chemotherapy target for treatment of pancreatic cancer, which would provide us a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.
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26
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Soualmia F, El Amri C. Serine protease inhibitors to treat inflammation: a patent review (2011-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 28:93-110. [PMID: 29171765 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1406478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a physiological part of the complex biological response of tissues to counteract various harmful signals. This process involves diverse actors such as immune cells, blood vessels, and nerves as sources of mediators for inflammation control. Among them serine proteases are key elements in both physiological and pathological inflammation. AREAS COVERED Serine protease inhibitors to treat inflammatory diseases are being actively investigated by various industrial and academic institutions. The present review covers patent literature on serine protease inhibitors for the therapy of inflammatory diseases patented between 2011 and 2016. EXPERT OPINION Serine proteases regulating inflammation are versatile enzymes, usually involved in proinflammatory cytokine production and activation of immune cells. Their dysregulation during inflammation can have devastating consequences, promoting various diseases including skin and lung inflammation, neuroinflammation, and inflammatory arthritis. Several serine proteases were selected for their contribution to inflammatory diseases and significant efforts that are spread to develop inhibitors. Strategies developed for inhibitor identification consist on either peptide-based inhibitor derived from endogenous protein inhibitors or small-organic molecules. It is also worth noting that among the recent patents on serine protease inhibitors related to inflammation a significant number are related to retinal vascular dysfunction and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feryel Soualmia
- a B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology , Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256 , Paris , France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- a B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology , Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256 , Paris , France
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27
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Zhu Y, Underwood J, Macmillan D, Shariff L, O'Shaughnessy R, Harper JI, Pickard C, Friedmann PS, Healy E, Di WL. Persistent kallikrein 5 activation induces atopic dermatitis-like skin architecture independent of PAR2 activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1310-1322.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Murafuji H, Sakai H, Goto M, Imajo S, Sugawara H, Muto T. Discovery and structure-activity relationship study of 1,3,6-trisubstituted 1,4-diazepane-7-ones as novel human kallikrein 7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5272-5276. [PMID: 29102227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1, composed of a 1,3,6-trisubstituted 1,4-diazepane-7-one, was discovered as a novel human kallikrein 7 (KLK7, stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme, SCCE) inhibitor, and its derivatives were synthesized and evaluated. Structure-activity relationship studies of the amidoxime unit and benzoic acid part of this new scaffold led to the identification of 25 and 34, which were more potent than the hit compound, 1. The X-ray co-crystal structure of compound 25 and human KLK7 revealed the characteristic interactions and enabled explanations of the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Murafuji
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Megumi Goto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seiichi Imajo
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugawara
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Muto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-4-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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29
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Xiu C, Hua Z, Xiao BS, Tang WJ, Zhou HP, Liu XH. Novel benzopyran derivatives and their therapeutic applications: a patent review (2009-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017. [PMID: 28627270 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1338687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benzopyran derivatives present a wide variety of biological activity and behaviour. At the same time the benzopyran derivatives support their use as therapeutic agents for multiple diseases. Their structural characteristics correlated to physicochemical properties seem to define the extent of the biological activity. Areas covered: This review summarizes new patents published on new benzopyran derivatives from 2009 to 2016. Expert opinion: Many benzopyran derivatives have vivo/vitro biological responses. Their clinical evaluation will be critical to assess therapeutic utility. The compounds containing benzopyran moiety is well defined as lead compounds for design of new more promising molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiu
- a School of Material Science Chemical Engineering , ChuZhou University , ChuZhou , P. R. China.,b School of Pharmacy , BengBu Medical College , BengBu , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Hua
- a School of Material Science Chemical Engineering , ChuZhou University , ChuZhou , P. R. China
| | - Bao Sheng Xiao
- a School of Material Science Chemical Engineering , ChuZhou University , ChuZhou , P. R. China
| | - Wen Jian Tang
- a School of Material Science Chemical Engineering , ChuZhou University , ChuZhou , P. R. China
| | - Hai Pin Zhou
- c School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , P. R. China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- a School of Material Science Chemical Engineering , ChuZhou University , ChuZhou , P. R. China.,c School of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , P. R. China
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30
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Masurier N, Arama DP, El Amri C, Lisowski V. Inhibitors of kallikrein-related peptidases: An overview. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:655-683. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Masurier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Dominique P. Arama
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology; Paris France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Montpellier Cedex France
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31
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Commare B, Schmitt E, Aribi F, Panossian A, Vors JP, Pazenok S, Leroux FR. Fluoroalkyl Amino Reagents (FARs): A General Approach towards the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Emergent Fluorinated Substituents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060977. [PMID: 28604633 PMCID: PMC6152730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated heterocycles are important building blocks in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material sciences. Therefore, organofluorine chemistry has witnessed high interest in the development of efficient methods for the introduction of emergent fluorinated substituents (EFS) onto heterocycles. In this context, fluoroalkyl amino reagents (FARs)—a class of chemicals that was slightly forgotten over the last decades—has emerged again recently and proved to be a powerful tool for the introduction of various fluorinated groups onto (hetero)aromatic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Commare
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Etienne Schmitt
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Fallia Aribi
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Armen Panossian
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Vors
- Bayer S.A.S., 14 Impasse Pierre Baizet, BP 99163, 69263 Lyon CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Sergiy Pazenok
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LCM UMR 7509, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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32
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Zheng X, He M, Tan X, Zheng J, Wang F, Liu S. 3D-quantitative structure–activity relationship and docking studies of coumarin derivatives as tissue kallikrein 7 inhibitors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1136-1144. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Kallikrein 7 (KLK7) is a secreted serine protease that plays important roles in skin desquamation and tumour progression, which makes it an attracting drug target. To guide the design of KLK7 inhibitors, a series of coumarin-based inhibitors were used to perform 3D-quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis.
Methods
3D conformations of 37 inhibitors were generated and used to construct CoMFA and CoMSIA models. Then a complex model between the inhibitors and KLK7 was built with molecular docking.
Key findings
With the training set, the CoMFA and CoMSIA models achieved q2 values of 0.521 and 0.498, and r2 values of 0.942 and 0.983, respectively. With the testing set, the predicted r2 values were 0.663 and 0.669, respectively, for CoMFA and CoMSIA. 3D contour maps from these two models identified steric and hydrophobic interactions as the most important molecular features of these inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular docking study was performed to understand the binding modes between these compounds and KLK7, in which the critical steric and hydrophobic interactions between the inhibitors and KLK7 were confirmed.
Conclusions
Steric and hydrophobic interactions are critical in the efficient binding of KLK7 inhibitors. Our analysis would provide a meaningful guideline for the rational design of novel KLK7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mengxi He
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobilary Surgery, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobilary Surgery, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- College of Life Science and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
| | - Sen Liu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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33
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The Molecular Revolution in Cutaneous Biology: Emerging Landscape in Genomic Dermatology: New Mechanistic Ideas, Gene Editing, and Therapeutic Breakthroughs. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:e123-e129. [PMID: 28411843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Stunning technological advances in genomics have led to spectacular breakthroughs in the understanding of the underlying defects, biological pathways and therapeutic targets of skin diseases leading to new therapeutic interventions. Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the identification of disease-causing genes and has a profound impact in deciphering gene and protein signatures in rare and frequent skin diseases. Gene addition strategies have shown efficacy in junctional EB and in recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB). TALENs and Cripsr/Cas9 have emerged as highly efficient new tools to edit genomic sequences to creat new models and to correct or disrupt mutated genes to treat human diseases. Therapeutic approaches have not been limited to DNA modification and strategies at the mRNA, protein and cellular levels have also emerged, some of which have already proven clinical efficacy in RDEB. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of skin disorders has led to the development of specific drugs or repurposing of existing medicines as in basal cell nevus syndrome, alopecia areata, melanoma and EB simplex. These discoveries pave the way for improved targeted personalized medicine for rare and frequent diseases. It is likely that a growing number of orphan skin diseases will benefit from combinatory new therapies in a near future.
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34
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de Veer SJ, Swedberg JE, Brattsand M, Clements JA, Harris JM. Exploring the active site binding specificity of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) guides the design of new peptide substrates and inhibitors. Biol Chem 2016; 397:1237-1249. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) is a promising therapeutic target in several skin diseases, including Netherton syndrome, and is emerging as a potential target in various cancers. In this study, we used a sparse matrix library of 125 individually synthesized peptide substrates to characterize the binding specificity of KLK5. The sequences most favored by KLK5 were GRSR, YRSR and GRNR, and we identified sequence-specific interactions involving the peptide N-terminus by analyzing kinetic constants (kcat and KM) and performing molecular dynamics simulations. KLK5 inhibitors were subsequently engineered by substituting substrate sequences into the binding loop (P1, P2 and P4 residues) of sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1). These inhibitors were effective against KLK5 but showed limited selectivity, and performing a further substitution at P2′ led to the design of a new variant that displayed improved activity against KLK5 (Ki=4.2±0.2 nm), weak activity against KLK7 and 12-fold selectivity over KLK14. Collectively, these findings provide new insight into the design of highly favored binding sequences for KLK5 and reveal several opportunities for modulating inhibitor selectivity over closely related proteases that will be useful for future studies aiming to develop therapeutic molecules targeting KLK5.
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35
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Sarri CA, Roussaki-Schulze A, Vasilopoulos Y, Zafiriou E, Patsatsi A, Stamatis C, Gidarokosta P, Sotiriadis D, Sarafidou T, Mamuris Z. Netherton Syndrome: A Genotype-Phenotype Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 21:137-152. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Chen W, Kinsler VA, Macmillan D, Di WL. Tissue Kallikrein Inhibitors Based on the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor Scaffold - A Potential Therapeutic Intervention for Skin Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166268. [PMID: 27824929 PMCID: PMC5100903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue kallikreins (KLKs), in particular KLK5, 7 and 14 are the major serine proteases in the skin responsible for skin shedding and activation of inflammatory cell signaling. In the normal skin, their activities are controlled by an endogenous protein protease inhibitor encoded by the SPINK5 gene. Loss-of-function mutations in SPINK5 leads to enhanced skin kallikrein activities and cause the skin disease Netherton Syndrome (NS). We have been developing inhibitors based on the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor 1 (SFTI-1) scaffold, a 14 amino acids head-to-tail bicyclic peptide with a disulfide bond. To optimize a previously reported SFTI-1 analogue (I10H), we made five analogues with additional substitutions, two of which showed improved inhibition. We then combined those substitutions and discovered a variant (Analogue 6) that displayed dual inhibition of KLK5 (tryptic) and KLK7 (chymotryptic). Analogue 6 attained a tenfold increase in KLK5 inhibition potency with an Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) Kd of 20nM. Furthermore, it selectively inhibits KLK5 and KLK14 over seven other serine proteases. Its biological function was ascertained by full suppression of KLK5-induced Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR-2) dependent intracellular calcium mobilization and postponement of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion in cell model. Moreover, Analogue 6 permeates through the cornified layer of in vitro organotypic skin equivalent culture and inhibits protease activities therein, providing a potential drug lead for the treatment of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Immunobiology Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica A. Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Macmillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Li Di
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Immunobiology Section, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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37
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Abdayem R, Formanek F, Minondo AM, Potter A, Haftek M. Cell surface glycans in the human
stratum corneum
: distribution and depth‐related changes. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:865-871. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Abdayem
- University of Lyon1 EA4169 “Fundamental, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Skin Barrier Function” Lyon France
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation Aulnay sous Bois France
| | | | | | - Anne Potter
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation Aulnay sous Bois France
| | - Marek Haftek
- University of Lyon1 EA4169 “Fundamental, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Skin Barrier Function” Lyon France
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38
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of pseudo-peptides based statine as inhibitors for human tissue kallikrein 5. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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39
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Avgeris M, Scorilas A. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) as emerging therapeutic targets: focus on prostate cancer and skin pathologies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:801-18. [PMID: 26941073 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1147560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue kallikrein and the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) constitute a family of 15 homologous secreted serine proteases with trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like activities, which participate in a broad spectrum of physiological procedures. Deregulated expression and/or activation of the majority of the family members have been reported in several human diseases, thereby making KLKs ideal targets for therapeutic intervention. AREAS COVERED In the present review, we summarize the role of KLKs in normal human physiology and pathology, focusing on prostate cancer and skin diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the recent advances in the development of KLK-based therapies. A great number of diverse engineered KLKs inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity and immunogenicity have been synthesized by redesigning examples that are endogenous and naturally occurring. Moreover, encouraging results have been documented using KLKs-based vaccines and immunotherapies, as well as KLKs-mediated activation of pro-drugs. Finally, KLKs-targeting aptamers and KLKs-based imaging tools represent novel approaches towards the exploitation of KLKs' therapeutic value. EXPERT OPINION The central/critical roles of KLK family in several human pathologies highlight KLKs as attractive molecular targets for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritis Avgeris
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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40
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de Veer SJ, Wang CK, Harris JM, Craik DJ, Swedberg JE. Improving the Selectivity of Engineered Protease Inhibitors: Optimizing the P2 Prime Residue Using a Versatile Cyclic Peptide Library. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8257-68. [PMID: 26393374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standard mechanism inhibitors are attractive design templates for engineering reversible serine protease inhibitors. When optimizing interactions between the inhibitor and target protease, many studies focus on the nonprimed segment of the inhibitor's binding loop (encompassing the contact β-strand). However, there are currently few methods for screening residues on the primed segment. Here, we designed a synthetic inhibitor library (based on sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1) for characterizing the P2' specificity of various serine proteases. Screening the library against 13 different proteases revealed unique P2' preferences for trypsin, chymotrypsin, matriptase, plasmin, thrombin, four kallikrein-related peptidases, and several clotting factors. Using this information to modify existing engineered inhibitors yielded new variants that showed considerably improved selectivity, reaching up to 7000-fold selectivity over certain off-target proteases. Our study demonstrates the importance of the P2' residue in standard mechanism inhibition and unveils a new approach for screening P2' substitutions that will benefit future inhibitor engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4059, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , 306 Carmody Road, Building 80, Queensland Bioscience Presinct, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Kallikreins - The melting pot of activity and function. Biochimie 2015; 122:270-82. [PMID: 26408415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), encoded by the largest contiguous cluster of protease genes in the human genome, are secreted serine proteases with diverse expression patterns and physiological roles. Because of the broad spectrum of processes that are modulated by kallikreins, these proteases are the subject of extensive investigations. This review brings together basic information about the biochemical properties affecting enzymatic activity, with highlights on post-translational modifications, especially glycosylation. Additionally, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the physiological functions of KLKs in major human organs and outline recent discoveries pertinent to the involvement of kallikreins in cell signaling and in viral infections. Despite the current depth of knowledge of these enzymes, many questions regarding the roles of kallikreins in health and disease remain unanswered.
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