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Moradi M, Mousavi A, Emamgholipour Z, Giovannini J, Moghimi S, Peytam F, Honarmand A, Bach S, Foroumadi A. Quinazoline-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors as potential anti-angiogenic agents: A contemporary perspective of SAR and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115626. [PMID: 37453330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is pivotal in the migration, growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells in normal physiological conditions. In various types of tumour microenvironments, dysregulated angiogenesis plays a crucial role in supplying oxygen and nutrients to cancerous cells, leading to tumour size growth. VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase has been extensively studied as a critical regulator of angiogenesis; thus, inhibition of VEGFR-2 has been widely used for cancer treatments in recent years. Quinazoline nucleus is a privileged and versatile scaffold with a broad range of pharmacological activity, especially in the field of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with more than twenty small molecule inhibitors approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the last two decades. As of now, the U.S. FDA has approved eleven small chemical inhibitors of VEGFR-2 for various types of malignancies, with a prime example being vandetanib, a quinazoline derivative, which is a multi targeted kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of late-stage medullary thyroid cancer. Despite of prosperous discovery and development of VEGFR-2 down regulator drugs, there still exists limitations in clinical efficacy, adverse effects, a high rate of clinical discontinuation and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the design and synthesis of more selective and effective inhibitors to tackle these challenges. Through the gathering of this review, we have strived to broaden the extent of our view over the entire scope of quinazoline-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Herein, we give an overview of the importance and advancement status of reported structures, highlighting the SAR, biological evaluations and their binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfam Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emamgholipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johanna Giovannini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Setareh Moghimi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Peytam
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Honarmand
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Molecular dynamics-based insight of VEGFR-2 kinase domain: a combined study of pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking and dynamics. J Mol Model 2022; 29:17. [PMID: 36550239 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase by small molecules has become a promising target in the treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE In this study, we approached pharmacophore modeling coupled with a structure-based virtual screening workflow to identify the potent inhibitors. METHODS The top selected hit compounds have been rescored using the MM/GBSA approach. To understand the molecular reactivity, electronic properties, and stability of those inhibitors, we have employed density functional theory and molecular dynamics. Following that, the best 21 hit compounds have been further post-processed with a Quantum ligand partial charge-based rescoring process and further validated by implementing molecular dynamics simulation. RESULTS The ten hit compounds have been hypothesized and considered as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase. This study also signifies the contribution of QM-based ligand partial charge, which is more accurate in predicting reliable free binding energy and filtering large ligand libraries to hit optimization, rather than assigning those of the force field-based method. From the binding pattern analysis of all the complexes, amino acids, such as Glu885, Cys919, Cys1045, Thr916, Thr919, and Asp1046, were found to have comprehensive interaction with the hit compounds. CONCLUSION Hence, this could prove to be useful as a potential inhibition site of the VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase domain for future researchers. Moreover, this study also emphasizes the conformational changes upon ATP binding, based on either the receptor's rigidity or flexibility.
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Abudayah A, Daoud S, Al-Sha'er M, Taha M. Pharmacophore Modeling of Targets Infested with Activity Cliffs via Molecular Dynamics Simulation Coupled with QSAR and Comparison with other Pharmacophore Generation Methods: KDR as Case Study. Mol Inform 2022; 41:e2200049. [PMID: 35973966 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Activity cliffs (ACs) are defined as pairs of structurally similar compounds with large difference in their potencies against certain biotarget. We recently proposed that potent AC members induce significant entropically-driven conformational modifications of the target that unveil additional binding interactions, while their weakly-potent counterparts are enthalpically-driven binders with little influence on the protein target. We herein propose to extract pharmacophores for ACs-infested target(s) from molecular dynamics (MD) frames of purely "enthalpic" potent binder(s) complexed within the particular target. Genetic function algorithm/machine learning (GFA/ML) can then be employed to search for the best possible combination of MD pharmacophore(s) capable of explaining bioactivity variations within a list of inhibitors. We compared the performance of this approach with established ligand-based and structure-based methods. Kinase inserts domain receptor (KDR) was used as a case study. KDR plays a crucial role in angiogenic signaling and its inhibitors have been approved in cancer treatment. Interestingly, GFA/ML selected, MD-based, pharmacophores were of comparable performances to ligand-based and structure-based pharmacophores. The resulting pharmacophores and QSAR models were used to capture hits from the national cancer institute list of compounds. The most active hit showed anti-KDR IC50 of 2.76 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mutasem Taha
- Faculty of pharmacy,University of jordan, JORDAN
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Bhandare RR, Bakchi B, Sigalapalli DK, Shaik AB. An overview of in silico methods used in the design of VEGFR-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
VEGFR-2 enzyme known for physiological functioning of the cell also involves in pathological angiogenesis and tumor progression. Recently VEGFR-2 has gained the interest of researchers all around the world as a promising target for the drug design and discovery of new anticancer agents. VEGFR2 inhibitors are a major class of anticancer agents used for clinical purposes. In silico methods like virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, pharmacophore modeling, and other computational approaches help extensively in identifying the main molecular interactions necessary for the binding of the small molecules with the respective protein target to obtain the expected pharmacological potency. In this chapter, we discussed some representative case studies of in silico
techniques used to determine molecular interactions and rational drug design of VEGFR-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie R. Bhandare
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University , P.O. Box 340 , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
| | - Bulti Bakchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Hyderabad 500037 , India
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Vadlamudi 522213 , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Afzal B. Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Vadlamudi 522213 , Andhra Pradesh , India
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Yang T, Jiang YX, Wu Y, Lu D, Huang R, Wang LL, Wang SQ, Guan YY, Zhang H, Luan X. Resibufogenin Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Angiogenesis by Blocking VEGFR2-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682735. [PMID: 33995111 PMCID: PMC8121540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RBF), an active compound from Bufo bufonis, has been used for the treatment of multiple malignant cancers, including pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. However, whether RBF could exert its antitumor effect by inhibiting angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the antiangiogenic activity of RBF and its underlying mechanism on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and the therapeutic efficacy with regard to antiangiogenesis in vivo using two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. Our results demonstrated that RBF can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Spheroid sprouts were thinner and shorter after RBF treatment in vitro 3D spheroid sprouting assay. RBF also significantly suppressed VEGF-mediated vascular network formation in vivo Matrigel plug assay. In addition, Western blot analysis was used to reveal that RBF inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream protein kinases FAK and Src in endothelial cells (ECs). Molecular docking simulations showed that RBF affected the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 by competitively binding to the ATP-bound VEGFR2 kinase domain, thus preventing ATP from providing phosphate groups. Finally, we found that RBF exhibited promising antitumor effect through antiangiogenesis in vivo without obvious toxicity. The present study first revealed the high antiangiogenic activity and the underlying molecular basis of RBF, suggesting that RBF could be a potential antiangiogenic agent for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Xin Jiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Ling Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Bingul M, Tan O, Gardner CR, Sutton SK, Arndt GM, Marshall GM, Cheung BB, Kumar N, Black DS. Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Cancer Activity of Hydrazide Derivatives Incorporating a Quinoline Moiety. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070916. [PMID: 27428941 PMCID: PMC6273134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the novel (E)-N′-((2-chloro-7-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-3-(phenylthio)propanehydrazide scaffold 18 has led to the development of a new series of biologically active hydrazide compounds. The parent compound 18 and new quinoline derivatives 19–26 were prepared from the corresponding quinoline hydrazones and substituted carboxylic acids using EDC-mediated peptide coupling reactions. Further modification of the parent compound 18 was achieved by replacement of the quinoline moiety with other aromatic systems. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity against the SH-SY5Y and Kelly neuroblastoma cell lines, as well as the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Analogues 19 and 22 significantly reduced the cell viability of neuroblastoma cancer cells with micromolar potency and significant selectivity over normal cells. The quinoline hydrazide 22 also induced G1 cell cycle arrest, as well as upregulation of the p27kip1 cell cycle regulating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bingul
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Owen Tan
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Christopher R Gardner
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Selina K Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - David StC Black
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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7
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Wang J, Shu M, Wen X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hu Y, Lin Z. Discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors by quantitative structure–activity relationships, molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03743g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing the combined strategy to understand the features of KDR–ligands complexes, and provide a basis for rational design of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
| | - Xiaorong Wen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- Research Center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering
- Bioengineering College
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing 400054
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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8
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Branch A, Bobilev A, Negrao NW, Cai H, Shen P. Prevention of palatable diet-induced hyperphagia in rats by central injection of a VEGFR kinase inhibitor. Behav Brain Res 2015; 278:506-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation studies of kinase inhibitors binding to active and inactive conformations of VEGFR-2. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 56:103-12. [PMID: 25594497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors have been proved as very effective anticancer agents. Structurally similar ligands 1 and 2 show almost the same inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2, but they bind to the enzyme in distinct binding mode. Ligand 1 targets DFG-in active conformation of VEGFR-2, known as Type I inhibitor. On the other hand, ligand 2 targets DFG-out inactive conformation of VEGFR-2, known as Type II inhibitor or allosteric kinase inhibitor. Ligand 2 shows high inhibitory activity, while the compound 3, a close analog of 2 with the cyclopropylamide replaced by tert-butylamide, exhibits drastically diminished potency. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were performed on inhibitors 1-3 binding to active and inactive conformation of VEGFR-2. Molecular dynamics simulations find that the active conformation binding to Type I inhibitor 1 appears more flexible when compared to the unbound form. In contrast, binding of Type II inhibitor 2 to the inactive conformation helps to stabilize the inactive conformation of the protein. Binding free energy calculations verify that inhibitors 1 and 2 have almost the same activities against VEGFR-2, and that ligand 1 binds to and stabilizes the DFG-in conformation of VEGFR-2, which is in agree with the experimental observation. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations of 3 binding to VEGFR-2 can give a good explanation of the drastically diminished potency. Free energy analysis revealed that van der Waals interactions provided the substantial driving force for the binding process. The important hydrophobic property of the terminal 4-Cl phenyl was required to be Type II inhibitors. Furthermore, per-residue free energy decomposition analysis revealed that the most favorable contribution came from Leu840, Val848, Ala866, Lys868, Leu889, Val899, Thr916, Phe918, Cys919, Leu1035, Cys1045, Asp1046, and Phe1047. These results are expected to be useful for future rational design of novel potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors.
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Afzal O, Kumar S, Haider MR, Ali MR, Kumar R, Jaggi M, Bawa S. A review on anticancer potential of bioactive heterocycle quinoline. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:871-910. [PMID: 25073919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of Camptothecin added a new dimension in the field anticancer drug development containing quinoline motif. Quinoline scaffold plays an important role in anticancer drug development as their derivatives have shown excellent results through different mechanism of action such as growth inhibitors by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, disruption of cell migration, and modulation of nuclear receptor responsiveness. The anti-cancer potential of several of these derivatives have been demonstrated on various cancer cell lines. In this review we have compiled and discussed specifically the anticancer potential of quinoline derivatives, which could provide a low-height flying bird's eye view of the quinoline derived compounds to a medicinal chemist for a comprehensive and target oriented information for development of clinically viable anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Rahmat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.
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van Linden OPJ, Kooistra AJ, Leurs R, de Esch IJP, de Graaf C. KLIFS: a knowledge-based structural database to navigate kinase-ligand interaction space. J Med Chem 2013; 57:249-77. [PMID: 23941661 DOI: 10.1021/jm400378w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases regulate the majority of signal transduction pathways in cells and have become important targets for the development of designer drugs. We present a systematic analysis of kinase-ligand interactions in all regions of the catalytic cleft of all 1252 human kinase-ligand cocrystal structures present in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The kinase-ligand interaction fingerprints and structure database (KLIFS) contains a consistent alignment of 85 kinase ligand binding site residues that enables the identification of family specific interaction features and classification of ligands according to their binding modes. We illustrate how systematic mining of kinase-ligand interaction space gives new insights into how conserved and selective kinase interaction hot spots can accommodate the large diversity of chemical scaffolds in kinase ligands. These analyses lead to an improved understanding of the structural requirements of kinase binding that will be useful in ligand discovery and design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar P J van Linden
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Sanphanya K, Phowichit S, Wattanapitayakul SK, Fokin VV, Vajragupta O. Novel VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors identified by the back-to-front approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2962-7. [PMID: 23562241 PMCID: PMC3942623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel VEGFR-2 inhibitor, developed by the back-to-front approach. Docking experiments indicated that the 3-chloromethylphenylurea motif of the lead compound occupied the back pocket of VEGFR-2 kinase. An attempt was made to enhance the binding affinity of 1 by expanding the structure to access the front pocket using a triazole linker. A library of 1,4-(disubstituted)-1H-1,2,3-triazoles were screened in silico, and one compound (VH02) was identified with an IC50 against VEGFR-2 of 0.56μM. VH02 showed antiangiogenic effects, inhibiting tube formation in HUVEC cells (EA.hy926) at 0.3μM, 13 times lower than its cytotoxic dose. These enzymatic and cellular activities suggest that VH02 has potential as a lead for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingkan Sanphanya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudya Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suwadee Phowichit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Suvara K. Wattanapitayakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Valery V. Fokin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudya Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Abstract
VEGF is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As an essential receptor protein tyrosine kinase propagating cellular signal transduction processes, VEGFR-2 is a central target for drug discovery against tumor-associated angiogenesis. Since the autophosphorylation of VEGFR-2 represents a key step in this signal pathway that contributes to angiogenesis, the discovery of small molecule inhibitors that block this reaction has attracted great interest for novel drugs research and development. Advances in the understanding of catalytic cleft and the conformational changes of DFG motif have resulted in the development of small molecule inhibitors known as type I and type II. High-resolution crystal structures of various inhibitors in complex with the receptor offer an insight into the relationship among binding modes, inhibition mechanisms, activity, selectivity and resistance. To control selectivity, improve activity and introduce intellectual property novelty, the strategies for the further development are discussed through structural and conformational analysis in this review.
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Musumeci F, Radi M, Brullo C, Schenone S. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors: drugs and new inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10797-822. [PMID: 23098265 DOI: 10.1021/jm301085w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent launch onto the market of five VEGFR inhibitors indicates the therapeutic value of these agents and the importance of the research in the field of angiogenesis inhibitors for future oncologic therapy. In this Perspective we briefly report the inhibitors that are in clinical use, while we dedicate two wider sections to the compounds that are in clinical trials and to the new derivatives appearing in the literature. We especially consider the medicinal chemistry aspect of the topic and report the structure-activity relationship studies and the binding mode of some inhibitors as well as the biological data of the compounds discovered in the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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15
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Norman RA, Schott AK, Andrews DM, Breed J, Foote KM, Garner AP, Ogg D, Orme JP, Pink JH, Roberts K, Rudge DA, Thomas AP, Leach AG. Protein–Ligand Crystal Structures Can Guide the Design of Selective Inhibitors of the FGFR Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5003-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3004043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Norman
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Anne-Kathrin Schott
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David M. Andrews
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jason Breed
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Kevin M. Foote
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Garner
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Derek Ogg
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jonathon P. Orme
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jennifer H. Pink
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Karen Roberts
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David A. Rudge
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Thomas
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K
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16
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Han SY, Choi JW, Yang J, Chae CH, Lee J, Jung H, Lee K, Ha JD, Kim HR, Cho SY. Design and synthesis of 3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)-1H-quinolin-2-ones as VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2837-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Lei Y, Tian W, Zhu LQ, Yang J, Chen KJ. [Effects of Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula on secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:368-72. [PMID: 20388479 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula on secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. METHODS HUVECs were cultured in vitro. Bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) at concentration of 320 U/mL and Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL were used to culture with HUVECs. And HUVECs in blank control group were cultured with culture solution only. After 24-hour culture, the content of VEGF in supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the expression of VEGFR-2 was detected by immunocytochemical staining and Western-blotting. RESULTS Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula at 0.4 mg/mL, the same as bFGF, increased VEGF content in the HUVEC supernatant and the number of VEGFR-2-positive HUVECs. Expression of VEGFR-2 protein in high-dose Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula group was up-regulated as compared with the blank control group. CONCLUSION Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula can promote HUVEC proliferation and secretion of VEGF, as well as the expression of VEGFR-2 protein, which may be one of the mechanisms of Radix Ginseng and Radix Notoginseng formula in promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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18
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Abreu RMV, Froufe HJC, Queiroz MJRP, Ferreira ICFR. Selective flexibility of side-chain residues improves VEGFR-2 docking score using AutoDock Vina. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:530-4. [PMID: 22188672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective side-chain residue flexibility is an option available on AutoDock Vina docking software. This approach is promising as it attempts to provide a more realistic ligand-protein interaction environment without an unmanageable increase in computer processing time. However, studies validating this approach are still scarce. VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2), a known protein target for anti-angiogenic agents, was used in this study. Four residues located in the VEGFR-2 kinase site were selected and made flexible: Lys868, Glu885, Cys919, and Asp1046. The docking scores for all possible combinations of flexible residues were compared to the docking scores using a rigid conformation. The best overall docking scores were obtained using the Glu885 flexible conformation, with Pearson and Spearman rank correlation values of 0.568 and 0.543, respectively, and a 51% increase in processing time. Using different VEGFR-2 crystal structures, a similar trend was observed with the Glu885 flexible conformation presenting best scores. This study demonstrates that careful use of selective side-chain residue flexibility can improve AutoDock Vina docking score accuracy, without a significant increase in processing time. This methodology can be a valuable tool in drug design projects using VEGFR-2 but will also probably be useful if applied to other protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M V Abreu
- CIMO-ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Sta Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
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19
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Jin YZ, Fu DX, Ma N, Li ZC, Liu QH, Xiao L, Zhang RH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives containing chloropyrrole moieties. Molecules 2011; 16:9368-85. [PMID: 22068619 PMCID: PMC6264549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen novel 3-substituted-indolin-2-ones containing chloropyrroles were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated. The presence of a chlorine atom on the pyrrole ring was crucial to reduce cardiotoxicity. The presence of a 2-(ethyl-amino)ethylcarbamoyl group as a substituent at the C-4′ position of the pyrrole enhanced the antitumor activities notably. IC50 values as low as 0.32, 0.67, 1.19 and 1.22 μM were achieved against non-small cell lung cancer (A549), oral epithelial (KB), melanoma (K111) and large cell lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H460), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhou Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Da-Xu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhan-Cheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Quan-Hai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Rong-Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-021-65988570-8542
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20
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Yang Y, Shi L, Zhou Y, Li HQ, Zhu ZW, Zhu HL. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoline amide derivatives as novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6653-6. [PMID: 20943391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) plays a crucial role in the process of cancer angiogenesis. A series of quinoline amide derivatives were prepared and found to be good inhibitors of VEGFR-2. The inhibitory activities were investigated against VEGFR-2 kinase and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Compound 6 (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamide) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (IC(50)=3.8 and 5.5 nM for VEGFR-2 kinase and HUVEC, respectively). Docking simulation supported the initial pharmacophoric hypothesis and suggested a common mode of interaction at the ATP-binding site of VEGFR-2, which demonstrates that compound 6 is a potential agent for cancer therapy deserving further researching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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21
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Martin MW, Machacek MR. Update on lymphocyte specific kinase inhibitors: a patent survey. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1573-93. [PMID: 20831362 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.517749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Lck (p56(lck) or lymphocyte specific kinase) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Genetic evidence from knockout mice and human mutations demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling, leading to normal T-cell development and activation. Selective inhibition of Lck is expected to offer a new therapy for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review covers the patents, patent applications and associated publications for small molecule kinase inhibitors of Lck since 2005 and attempts to place them in context from a structural point of view. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Readers will gain an overview of the structural classes and binding modes of Lck inhibitors, the major players in this area and an insight into the current state of the field. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The search for a potent and orally active inhibitor of Lck has been an intense area of research for a number of years. Despite tremendous efforts, the identification of a highly selective and potent Lck inhibitor suitable for use as an immunosuppressive agent remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Martin
- Amgen, Inc., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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22
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Lu X, Chen Y, You Q. Pharmacophore Guided 3D-QSAR CoMFA Analysis of Amino Substituted Nitrogen Heterocycle Ureas as KDR Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200960032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Cowan-Jacob SW, Möbitz H, Fabbro D. Structural biology contributions to tyrosine kinase drug discovery. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 21:280-7. [PMID: 19208462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Successful kinase inhibitor drug discovery relies heavily on the structural knowledge of the interaction of inhibitors with the target. Structural biology of kinases and in particular of tyrosine kinases has given detailed insights into the intrinsic flexibility of the catalytic domain and has provided a rational basis for obtaining selective inhibitors. Important progress has been made recently, both in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry, with respect to solving structures of inactive, multidomain or protein-protein complexes of kinases, which helps our understanding of the dynamics of regulation of kinase activity. This leads to a better understanding of how mutations lead to activation of kinases and resistance, in addition to providing opportunities for novel modes of targeting kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra W Cowan-Jacob
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Du J, Lei B, Qin J, Liu H, Yao X. Molecular modeling studies of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors using QSAR and docking. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:642-54. [PMID: 19081278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-2 or kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) are attractive targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. In the present work, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were performed on a series of selective inhibitors of KDR. Docking studies were performed to explore the binding mode between all of the inhibitors and the KDR and produce the bioactive conformation of each compound in the whole dataset. Two conformer-based alignment strategies were employed to construct reliable 3D-QSAR models. The docked conformer-based alignment strategy gave the best 3D-QSAR models. The best CoMFA and CoMSIA models gave a cross-validated coefficient q(2) of 0.546 and 0.715, non-cross-validated r(2) values of 0.936 and 0.961, predicted r(2) values of 0.673 and 0.797, respectively. The information obtained from molecular modeling studies were very helpful to design some novel selective inhibitors of KDR with desired activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Teffera Y, Colletti AE, Harmange JC, Hollis LS, Albrecht BK, Boezio AA, Liu J, Zhao Z. Chemical Reactivity of Methoxy 4-O-Aryl Quinolines: Identification of Glutathione Displacement Products in Vitro and in Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:2216-22. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800307n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Teffera
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Adria E. Colletti
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jean Christophe Harmange
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - L. Steven Hollis
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Brian K. Albrecht
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Alessandro A. Boezio
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jingzhou Liu
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Zhiyang Zhao
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism and Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen, Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Choquette D, Teffera Y, Polverino A, Harmange JC. Discovery of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1(2H)-ones as potent and selective inhibitors of KDR: Synthesis, SAR, and pharmacokinetic properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4054-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Harmange JC, Weiss MM, Germain J, Polverino AJ, Borg G, Bready J, Chen D, Choquette D, Coxon A, DeMelfi T, DiPietro L, Doerr N, Estrada J, Flynn J, Graceffa RF, Harriman SP, Kaufman S, La DS, Long A, Martin MW, Neervannan S, Patel VF, Potashman M, Regal K, Roveto PM, Schrag ML, Starnes C, Tasker A, Teffera Y, Wang L, White RD, Whittington DA, Zanon R. Naphthamides as Novel and Potent Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation¶. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1649-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701097z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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