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Hall A, Chanteux H, Ménochet K, Ledecq M, Schulze MSED. Designing Out PXR Activity on Drug Discovery Projects: A Review of Structure-Based Methods, Empirical and Computational Approaches. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6413-6522. [PMID: 34003642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This perspective discusses the role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) in drug discovery and the impact of its activation on CYP3A4 induction. The use of structural biology to reduce PXR activity on drug discovery projects has become more common in recent years. Analysis of this work highlights several important molecular interactions, and the resultant structural modifications to reduce PXR activity are summarized. The computational approaches undertaken to support the design of new drugs devoid of PXR activation potential are also discussed. Finally, the SAR of empirical design strategies to reduce PXR activity is reviewed, and the key SAR transformations are discussed and summarized. In conclusion, this perspective demonstrates that PXR activity can be greatly diminished or negated on active drug discovery projects with the knowledge now available. This perspective should be useful to anyone who seeks to reduce PXR activity on a drug discovery project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marie Ledecq
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
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2
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Zhang Y, Pike A. Pyridones in drug discovery: Recent advances. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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3
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Simov V, Deshmukh SV, Dinsmore CJ, Elwood F, Fernandez RB, Garcia Y, Gibeau C, Gunaydin H, Jung J, Katz JD, Kraybill B, Lapointe B, Patel SB, Siu T, Su H, Young JR. Structure-based design and development of (benz)imidazole pyridones as JAK1-selective kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1803-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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4
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Kieltyka K, McAuliffe B, Cianci C, Drexler DM, Shou W, Zhang J. Application of Cassette Ultracentrifugation Using Non-labeled Compounds and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis for High-Throughput Protein Binding Determination. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1036-42. [PMID: 26886323 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3549(15)00177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-based devices typically used for serum protein binding determination are not fully applicable to highly lipophilic compounds because of nonspecific binding to the device membrane. Ultracentrifugation, however, completely eliminates the issue by using a membrane-free approach, although its wide application has been limited. This lack of utilization is mainly attributed to 2 factors: the high cost in acquiring and handling of radiolabeled compounds and low assay throughput owing to the difficulties in process automation. To overcome these challenges, we report a high-throughput workflow by cassette ultracentrifugation of nonradiolabeled compounds followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Twenty compounds with diverse physicochemical and protein binding properties were selected for the evaluation of the workflow. To streamline the working process, approaches of matrix balancing for all the samples for LC-MS/MS analysis and determining free fraction without analytical calibration curves were adopted. Both the discrete ultracentrifugation of individual compounds and cassette ultracentrifugation of all the test compounds followed by simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis exhibited a linear correlation with literature values, demonstrating respectively the validity of the ultracentrifugation process and the cassette approach. The cassette ultracentrifugation using nonradiolabeled compounds followed by LC-MS/MS analysis has greatly facilitated its application for high-throughput protein binding screening in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Kieltyka
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Brian McAuliffe
- Discovery Infectious Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Christopher Cianci
- Discovery Infectious Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Dieter M Drexler
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Wilson Shou
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Jun Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492.
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5
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Aware V, Gaikwad N, Chavan S, Manohar S, Bose J, Khanna S, B-Rao C, Dixit N, Singh KS, Damre A, Sharma R, Patil S, Roychowdhury A. Cyclopentyl-pyrimidine based analogues as novel and potent IGF-1R inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:246-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Martin AD, Siamaki AR, Belecki K, Gupton BF. A convergent approach to the total synthesis of telmisartan via a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between two functionalized benzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1915-9. [PMID: 25522005 DOI: 10.1021/jo5025333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A direct and efficient total synthesis has been developed for telmisartan, a widely prescribed treatment for hypertension. This approach brings together two functionalized benzimidazoles using a high-yielding Suzuki reaction that can be catalyzed by either a homogeneous palladium source or graphene-supported palladium nanoparticles. The ability to perform the cross-coupling reaction was facilitated by the regio-controlled preparation of the 2-bromo-1-methylbenzimidazole precursor. This convergent approach provides telmisartan in an overall yield of 72% while circumventing many issues associated with previously reported processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Keri RS, Hiremathad A, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Benzimidazole-Based Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:19-65. [PMID: 25352112 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied over more than one hundred years. Benzimidazole derivatives are useful intermediates/subunits for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of benzimidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agents, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial agents, and other medicinal agents. This review will further be helpful for the researcher on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole drugs/compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
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8
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Bolleddula J, DeMent K, Driscoll JP, Worboys P, Brassil PJ, Bourdet DL. Biotransformation and bioactivation reactions of alicyclic amines in drug molecules. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:379-419. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.924962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Wang HY, Liu XC, Huang ZB, Shi DQ. Copper-catalyzed Cyclization of 3-Acylcoumarin Hydrazone using Air as the Oxidant: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazole-Fused Coumarin Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu XC, Lin W, Wang HY, Huang ZB, Shi DQ. Improved and Efficient Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3-d]pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-6(3H)-ones and Their Fluorescence Properties. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
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11
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,6-diaryl pyridin-2(1H)-one analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:613-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Chen T, Luo Y, Sheng L, Li J, Hu Y, Lu W. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of novel N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives. Mol Divers 2013; 17:435-44. [PMID: 23612851 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel [Formula: see text]-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-2([Formula: see text])-one derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells HCT-116. The key steps involved consecutive Chan-Lam- and Buchwald-Hartwig couplings. Most of these C-6 substituted pyridone derivatives showed moderate antiproliferative activity. The preliminary SAR indicated that the conformationally restricted pyridones exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than the flexible counterparts. In addition, cell cycle analysis of the selected compounds 4b and e showed a G2/M arrest, suggesting a possible antitubulin mechanism for these novel pyridone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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13
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Small-molecule ATP-competitive dual IGF-1R and insulin receptor inhibitors: structural insights, chemical diversity and molecular evolution. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:315-28. [PMID: 22393939 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF-1R has been recognized as a major target in cancer drug discovery due to its strong implications in various stages of tumorigenesis based on accumulated preclinical data. Recent research on compensatory crosstalk between IGF-1R and insulin receptor (IR) signaling pathways suggests that targeting both IGF-1R and IR should result in a more therapeutically beneficial response, than targeting IGF-1R alone (e.g., IGF-1R-specific antibodies). These findings provided biological rationale and opened the door to the discovery of a variety of small-molecule dual IGF-1R and IR inhibitors. In this review we summarize the recent developments in this field, with a focus on binding modes and binding interactions of these inhibitors with IGF-1R and/or IR. Selectivity of these inhibitors has been discussed in this context as well. This is an important area to be discussed since one of the major challenges in kinase inhibitor drug discovery is to build an optimal selectivity profile based on biological rationale.
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14
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Orr STM, Ripp SL, Ballard TE, Henderson JL, Scott DO, Obach RS, Sun H, Kalgutkar AS. Mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of cytochrome P450 enzymes: structure-activity relationships and discovery strategies to mitigate drug-drug interaction risks. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4896-933. [PMID: 22409598 DOI: 10.1021/jm300065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T M Orr
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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15
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Learn KS, Wagner JC, Albom MS, Angeles TS, Huang Z, Ghose AK, Wan W, Cheng M, Dorsey BD, Ott GR. Design of 7-amino-6-chloro-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold from 5-chloro-2,4-diaminopyrimidine pharmacophore: identification of potent inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Li L, Sinz MW, Zimmermann K, Wang H. An insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibitor induces CYP3A4 expression through a pregnane X receptor-independent, noncanonical constitutive androstane receptor-related mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:688-97. [PMID: 22171088 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.188854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. A first-generation IGF-1R inhibitor (R)-4-(3-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3-(4-methyl-6-morpholino-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (BMS-536924), however, was associated with potent CYP3A4 induction mediated by pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) transactivation. Structural activity-based modification led to the synthesis of 4-(1-(2-(4-((2-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-4-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)piperidin-4-yl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (BMS-665351) with no PXR activity while maintaining its ability to inhibit IGF-1R. However, BMS-665351 significantly induces CYP3A4 expression in human primary hepatocytes (HPHs). Here, we report a novel nonclassical constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3)-related pathway of BMS-665351-mediated CYP3A4 induction. BMS-665351 treatment resulted in the significant induction of CYP3A4 in HPHs and HepG2 cells, but failed to activate either PXR or CAR in cell-based reporter assays. Moreover, BMS-665351 at concentrations that induce CYP3A4 expression was unable to translocate human CAR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of HPHs, which represents the initial step of CAR activation. Nevertheless, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that BMS-665351 significantly enhanced the expression of CYP3A4 in CAR- but not PXR-transfected HepG2 and Huh7 cells. It is noteworthy that BMS-665351 selectively induced the expression of CAR but not PXR in all tested hepatic cell systems. Synergistic induction of CYP3A4 was observed in HPHs cotreated with BMS-665351 and prototypical activators of CAR but not PXR. In summary, our results indicate that BMS-665351-mediated induction of CYP3A4 is CAR-dependent, but BMS-665351 itself is not a typical activator of either CAR or PXR, rather it functions as a selective inducer of CAR expression and increases CYP3A4 through a noncanonical CAR-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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17
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García-Sosa AT, Sild S, Takkis K, Maran U. Combined Approach Using Ligand Efficiency, Cross-Docking, and Antitarget Hits for Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant Y181C HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:2595-611. [DOI: 10.1021/ci200203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulev Sild
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kalev Takkis
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Uko Maran
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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18
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Ducray R, Simpson I, Jung FH, Nissink JWM, Kenny PW, Fitzek M, Walker GE, Ward LT, Hudson K. Discovery of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as inhibitors of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4698-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Discovery of OSI-906: a selective and orally efficacious dual inhibitor of the IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor. Future Med Chem 2011; 1:1153-71. [PMID: 21425998 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been implicated in the promotion of tumorigenesis, metastasis and resistance to cancer therapies. Therefore, this receptor has become a major focus for the development of anticancer agents. RESULTS Our lead optimization efforts that blended structure-based design and empirical medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of OSI-906, a novel small-molecule dual IGF-1R/insulin receptor (IR) kinase inhibitor. OSI-906 potently and selectively inhibits autophosphorylation of both human IGF-1R and IR, displays in vitro antiproliferative effects in a variety of tumor cell lines and shows robust in vivo anti-tumor efficacy in an IGF-1R-driven xenograft model when administered orally once daily. CONCLUSION OSI-906 is a novel, potent, selective and orally bioavailable dual IGF-1R/IR kinase inhibitor with favorable preclinical drug-like properties, which has demonstrated in vivo efficacy in tumor models and is currently in clinical testing.
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20
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Ewing GP, Goff LW. The insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway as a target for treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2011; 9:219-23. [PMID: 20920993 DOI: 10.3816/ccc.2010.n.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF1 and IGF2, are peptide hormones that bind to the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and cause intracellular signaling that ultimately results in cellular growth and proliferation. Evidence from epidemiologic and preclinical studies suggests that IGF signaling may be of importance in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). In recent years, agents that target the IGF1R pathway have been developed. These agents are currently under evaluation for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon P Ewing
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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21
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Smith DA, Di L, Kerns EH. The effect of plasma protein binding on in vivo efficacy: misconceptions in drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 9:929-39. [PMID: 21119731 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Data from in vitro plasma protein binding experiments that determine the fraction of protein-bound drug are frequently used in drug discovery to guide structure design and to prioritize compounds for in vivo studies. However, we consider that these practices are usually misleading, because in vivo efficacy is determined by the free (unbound) drug concentration surrounding the therapeutic target, not by the free drug fraction. These practices yield no enhancement of the in vivo free drug concentration. So, decisions based on free drug fraction could result in the wrong compounds being advanced through drug discovery programmes. This Perspective provides guidance on the application of plasma protein binding information in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Smith
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9UJ, UK
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22
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Milkiewicz KL, Ott GR. Inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1653-81. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.527332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Didziapetris R, Dapkunas J, Sazonovas A, Japertas P. Trainable structure-activity relationship model for virtual screening of CYP3A4 inhibition. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:891-906. [PMID: 20814717 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new structure-activity relationship model predicting the probability for a compound to inhibit human cytochrome P450 3A4 has been developed using data for >800 compounds from various literature sources and tested on PubChem screening data. Novel GALAS (Global, Adjusted Locally According to Similarity) modeling methodology has been used, which is a combination of baseline global QSAR model and local similarity based corrections. GALAS modeling method allows forecasting the reliability of prediction thus defining the model applicability domain. For compounds within this domain the statistical results of the final model approach the data consistency between experimental data from literature and PubChem datasets with the overall accuracy of 89%. However, the original model is applicable only for less than a half of PubChem database. Since the similarity correction procedure of GALAS modeling method allows straightforward model training, the possibility to expand the applicability domain has been investigated. Experimental data from PubChem dataset served as an example of in-house high-throughput screening data. The model successfully adapted itself to both data classified using the same and different IC₅₀ threshold compared with the training set. In addition, adjustment of the CYP3A4 inhibition model to compounds with a novel chemical scaffold has been demonstrated. The reported GALAS model is proposed as a useful tool for virtual screening of compounds for possible drug-drug interactions even prior to the actual synthesis.
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Li R, Pourpak A, Morris SW. Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase as a novel cancer therapy approach. J Med Chem 2010; 52:4981-5004. [PMID: 19610618 DOI: 10.1021/jm9002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Velaparthi U, Saulnier MG, Wittman MD, Liu P, Frennesson DB, Zimmermann K, Carboni JM, Gottardis M, Li A, Greer A, Clarke W, Yang Z, Menard K, Lee FY, Trainor G, Vyas D. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) kinase inhibitors: SAR of a series of 3-[6-(4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl)-4-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-1H-pyridine-2-one. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3182-5. [PMID: 20399649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-[6-(4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl)-4-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-1H-pyridine-2-one were synthesized to modulate CYP3A4 inhibition and improve aqueous solubility of our prototypical compound BMS-536924 (1), while maintaining potent IGF-1R inhibitory activity. Structure-activity and structure-solubility studies led to the identification of BMS-577098 (27), which demonstrates oral in vivo efficacy in animal models. The improvement was achieved by replacing morpholine with more polar bio-isoster piperazine and modulating the basicity of distal nitrogen with appropriate substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upender Velaparthi
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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26
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Zimmermann K, Wittman MD, Saulnier MG, Velaparthi U, Sang X, Frennesson DB, Struzynski C, Seitz SP, He L, Carboni JM, Li A, Greer AF, Gottardis M, Attar RM, Yang Z, Balimane P, Discenza LN, Lee FY, Sinz M, Kim S, Vyas D. SAR of PXR transactivation in benzimidazole-based IGF-1R kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1744-8. [PMID: 20153189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of PXR transactivation by 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine-2-one based ATP competitive inhibitors of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor kinase (IGF-1R) is discussed. Compounds without PXR transactivation, with in vivo antitumor activity, reduced protein binding and improved oral exposure are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Zimmermann
- Oncology Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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27
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Convenient synthesis of heteroaryl-linked benzimidazoles via microwave-assisted boronate ester formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Chapter 14 Recent Progress in the Development of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Kinase. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(09)04414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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