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Zarin MKZ, Dehaen W, Salehi P, Asl AAB. Synthesis and Modification of Morphine and Codeine, Leading to Diverse Libraries with Improved Pain Relief Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1779. [PMID: 37376226 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine and codeine, two of the most common opioids, are widely used in the clinic for different types of pain. Morphine is one of the most potent agonists for the μ-opioid receptor, leading to the strongest analgesic effect. However, due to their association with serious side effects such as respiratory depression, constriction, euphoria, and addiction, it is necessary for derivatives of morphine and codeine to be developed to overcome such drawbacks. The development of analgesics based on the opiate structure that can be safe, orally active, and non-addictive is one of the important fields in medicinal chemistry. Over the years, morphine and codeine have undergone many structural changes. The biological investigation of semi-synthetic derivatives of both morphine and codeine, especially morphine, shows that studies on these structures are still significant for the development of potent opioid antagonists and agonists. In this review, we summarize several decade-long attempts to synthesize new analogues of morphine and codeine. Our summary placed a focus on synthetic derivatives derived from ring A (positions 1, 2, and 3), ring C (position 6), and N-17 moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kamelan Zargar Zarin
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peyman Salehi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Bahmani Asl
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
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2
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Apostol CR, Hay M, Polt R. Glycopeptide drugs: A pharmacological dimension between "Small Molecules" and "Biologics". Peptides 2020; 131:170369. [PMID: 32673700 PMCID: PMC7448947 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are an important class of molecules with diverse biological activities. Many endogenous peptides, especially neuropeptides and peptide hormones, play critical roles in development and regulating homeostasis. Furthermore, as drug candidates their high receptor selectivity and potent binding leads to reduced off-target interactions and potential negative side effects. However, the therapeutic potential of peptides is severely hampered by their poor stability in vivo and low permeability across biological membranes. Several strategies have been successfully employed over the decades to address these concerns, and one of the most promising strategies is glycosylation. It has been demonstrated in numerous cases that glycosylation is an effective synthetic approach to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles and membrane permeability of peptides. The effects of glycosylation on peptide stability and peptide-membrane interactions in the context of blood-brain barrier penetration will be explored. Numerous examples of glycosylated analogues of endogenous peptides targeting class A and B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with an emphasis on O-linked glycopeptides will be reviewed. Notable examples of N-, S-, and C-linked glycopeptides will also be discussed. A small section is devoted to synthetic methods for the preparation of glycopeptides and requisite amino acid glycoside building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Apostol
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Meredith Hay
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Dept. of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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3
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Rosa M, Gonzalez-Nunez V, Barreto-Valer K, Marcelo F, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Calle LP, Arévalo JC, Rodríguez RE, Jiménez-Barbero J, Arsequell G, Valencia G. Role of the sugar moiety on the opioid receptor binding and conformation of a series of enkephalin neoglycopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2260-2265. [PMID: 28284867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation by simple sugars is a drug discovery alternative that has been explored with varying success for enhancing the potency and bioavailability of opioid peptides. Long ago we described two O-glycosides having either β-Glucose and β-Galactose of (d-Met2, Pro5)-enkephalinamide showing one of the highest antinociceptive activities known. Here, we report the resynthesis of these two analogs and the preparation of three novel neoglycopeptide derivatives (α-Mannose, β-Lactose and β-Cellobiose). Binding studies to cloned zebrafish opioid receptors showed very small differences of affinity between the parent compound and the five glycopeptides thus suggesting that the nature of the carbohydrate moiety plays a minor role in determining the binding mode. Indeed, NMR conformational studies, combined with molecular mechanics calculations, indicated that all glycopeptides present the same major conformation either in solution or membrane-like environment. The evidences provided here highlight the relevance for in vivo activity of the conjugating bond between the peptide and sugar moieties in opioid glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Rosa
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Gonzalez-Nunez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Katherine Barreto-Valer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Julia Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis P Calle
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Juan C Arévalo
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel E Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, E-48160 Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao E-48013, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU/UPV, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Nieto CT, Gonzalez-Nunez V, Rodríguez RE, Diez D, Garrido NM. Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and molecular dynamics of β-amino acids morphan-derivatives as novel ligands for opioid receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:150-62. [PMID: 26134550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) is a current approach in the design of new pharmacological agents. We previously reported the synthesis of a novel analogue of morphine, a 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, which contains a β-amino acid. This bicyclic core exhibits two distinctive chemical handles for further elaboration, which allowed us to create a library of morphan-containing compounds by in silico molecular docking on the μ opioid receptor. Lead candidates were synthesized and biological tests were performed to evaluate their ability to bind to opioid receptors. The four top compounds, three phenyl esters and an N-phenylethyl morphan derivative, were selected for Molecular Dynamics simulations to get topological and thermodynamic information. Aromatic morphan derivatives displayed an interacting domain which fits into a hydrophobic cleft and the effect of the substituents in their affinity was explained by the differences in the calculated binding free energies. Our results indicate that the 3D arrangement of the aromatic ring in the morphine derivatives is not a key issue for a specific ligand - μ receptor interaction. Thus, these morphan derivatives represent a new class of opioid receptor ligands which may be of great use in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos T Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Veronica Gonzalez-Nunez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Raquel E Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - David Diez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Narciso M Garrido
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.
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Jash SK, Gorai D. Sugar Derivatives of Morphine: A New Window for the Development of Potent Anesthetic Drugs. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:111-127. [PMID: 25997823 PMCID: PMC4488153 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a short account of carbohydrate derivatives of an important natural drug, morphine, along with their comparative efficacies as anesthetic agent. Sugar derivatives are found to have more prospect as anesthetic drug than morphine itself owing to their enhanced bioavailability. Synthetic schemes of these sugar derivatives and information on related patents are also included in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal K. Jash
- />Department of Chemistry, Saldiha College (Affiliated to the University of Burdwan), Saldiha, Bankura, 722 173 West Bengal India
| | - Dilip Gorai
- />Department of Chemistry, Kulti College (Affiliated to the University of Burdwan), Kulti, Burdwan, 713 343 West Bengal India
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Abstract
Trk neurotrophin receptor ubiquitination in response to ligand activation regulates signaling, trafficking, and degradation of the receptors. However, the in vivo consequences of Trk ubiquitination remain to be addressed. We have developed a mouse model with a mutation in the TrkA neurotrophin receptor (P782S) that results in reduced ubiquitination due to a lack of binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Nedd4-2. In vivo analyses of TrkAP782S indicate that defective ubiquitination of the TrkA mutant results in an altered trafficking and degradation of the receptor that affects the survival of sensory neurons. The dorsal root ganglia from the TrkAP782S knock-in mice display an increased number of neurons expressing CGRP and substance P. Moreover, the mutant mice show enhanced sensitivity to thermal and inflammatory pain. Our results indicate that the ubiquitination of the TrkA neurotrophin receptor plays a critical role in NGF-mediated functions, such as neuronal survival and sensitivity to pain.
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Stachulski AV, Meng X. Glucuronides from metabolites to medicines: a survey of the in vivo generation, chemical synthesis and properties of glucuronides. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:806-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Váradi A, Lévai D, Tóth G, Horváth P, Noszál B, Hosztafi S. Glucosides of morphine derivatives: synthesis and characterization. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Foley BL, Tessier MB, Woods RJ. Carbohydrate force fields. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2012; 2:652-697. [PMID: 25530813 PMCID: PMC4270206 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates present a special set of challenges to the generation of force fields. First, the tertiary structures of monosaccharides are complex merely by virtue of their exceptionally high number of chiral centers. In addition, their electronic characteristics lead to molecular geometries and electrostatic landscapes that can be challenging to predict and model. The monosaccharide units can also interconnect in many ways, resulting in a large number of possible oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, both linear and branched. These larger structures contain a number of rotatable bonds, meaning they potentially sample an enormous conformational space. This article briefly reviews the history of carbohydrate force fields, examining and comparing their challenges, forms, philosophies, and development strategies. Then it presents a survey of recent uses of these force fields, noting trends, strengths, deficiencies, and possible directions for future expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Lachele Foley
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Matthew B. Tessier
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert J. Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Arsequell G, Rosa M, Mayato C, Dorta RL, Gonzalez-Nunez V, Barreto-Valer K, Marcelo F, Calle LP, Vázquez JT, Rodríguez RE, Jiménez-Barbero J, Valencia G. Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural characterization of novel glycopeptide analogues of nociceptin N/OFQ. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6133-42. [PMID: 21773621 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05197k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
To examine if the biological activity of the N/OFQ peptide, which is the native ligand of the pain-related and viable drug target NOP receptor, could be modulated by glycosylation and if such effects could be conformationally related, we have synthesized three N/OFQ glycopeptide analogues, namely: [Thr(5)-O-α-D-GalNAc-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide 1), [Ser(10)-O-α-D-GalNAc]-N/OFQ (glycopeptide 2) and [Ser(10)-O-β-D-GlcNAc]-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide 3). They were tested for biological activity in competition binding assays using the zebrafish animal model in which glycopeptide 2 exhibited a slightly improved binding affinity, whereas glycopeptide 1 showed a remarkably reduced binding affinity compared to the parent compound and glycopeptide 3. The structural analysis of these glycopeptides and the parent N/OFQ peptide by NMR and circular dichroism indicated that their aqueous solutions are mainly populated by random coil conformers. However, in membrane mimic environments a certain proportion of the molecules of all these peptides exist as α-helix structures. Interestingly, under these experimental conditions, glycopeptide 1 (glycosylated at Thr-5) exhibited a population of folded hairpin-like geometries. From these facts it is tempting to speculate that nociceptin analogues showing linear helical structures are more complementary and thus interact more efficiently with the native NOP receptor than folded structures, since glycopeptide 1 showed a significantly reduced binding affinity for the NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arsequell
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
This paper is the 32nd consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2009 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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