1
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Venkatesh E, Narsimha S, Kumar NS, Reddy NV. One Pot Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Isoxazole-Pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinolines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Bhuyan AJ, Bhuyan P, Boruah B, Saikia L. Magnetically recoverable copper ferrite catalyzed cascade synthesis of 1,3‐dimethyl‐6‐nitro‐5‐arylpyrido[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidine‐2,4(1
H
,3
H
)‐diones under microwave irradiation and solvent‐less condition. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Jyoti Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry Rajiv Gandhi University (A Central University) Doimukh India
| | - Pubanita Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry Rajiv Gandhi University (A Central University) Doimukh India
| | - Bornali Boruah
- Department of Chemistry Assam Down Town University Guwahati India
| | - Lakhinath Saikia
- Department of Chemistry Rajiv Gandhi University (A Central University) Doimukh India
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3
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Deng YT, Wang JW, Chu H, Wang J, Hu Y, lin Y, Shu M, Lin ZH. 3D-QSAR and Docking Studies on Pyrimidine Derivatives as CSF-1R Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190329224946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) is associated with
malignancy, invasiveness and poor prognosis of tumors, and pyrimidine derivatives are considered as
a novel class of CSF-1R inhibitor.
Methods:
To explore the relationship between the structures of substituted pyrimidine derivatives
and their inhibitory activities against CSF-1R, CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses, and molecular
docking studies were performed on a dataset of forty-four compounds.
Results:
We found in CoMFA model including steric and electrostatic fields for the training set, the
cross-validated q2 value was 0.617 and the non-cross-validated r2 value was 0.983. While, the crossvalidated
q2 value was 0.637 and the non-cross-validated r2 value was 0.984 in CoMSIA Model
which include steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic fields. 3D equipotential maps generated from
CoMFA and CoMSIA along with the docking binding structures provided enough information about
the structural requirements for better activity.
Conclusion:
The data generated from the present study helped us to predict the activity of new
inhibitors and further design some novel and potent CSF-1R inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ting Deng
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
| | - Jun-wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
| | - Han Chu
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
| | - Yong lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
| | - Mao Shu
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
| | - Zhi-hua Lin
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400055, China
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4
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Chate AV, Kulkarni AS, Jadhav CK, Nipte AS, Bondle GM. Multicomponent reactions and supramolecular catalyst: A perfect synergy for eco‐compatible synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidines in water. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha V. Chate
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Ankita S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Chetan K. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Amol S. Nipte
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
| | - Girabala M. Bondle
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad India
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5
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Kim C, Kim E. Rational Drug Design Approach of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Type III Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7623-7640. [PMID: 29932031 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180622143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rational drug design is accomplished through the complementary use of structural biology and computational biology of biological macromolecules involved in disease pathology. Most of the known theoretical approaches for drug design are based on knowledge of the biological targets to which the drug binds. This approach can be used to design drug molecules that restore the balance of the signaling pathway by inhibiting or stimulating biological targets by molecular modeling procedures as well as by molecular dynamics simulations. Type III receptor tyrosine kinase affects most of the fundamental cellular processes including cell cycle, cell migration, cell metabolism, and survival, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Many inhibitors of successful rational drug design show that some computational techniques can be combined to achieve synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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6
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Xie Z, Wu B, Liu Y, Ren W, Tong L, Xiang C, Wei A, Gao Y, Zeng L, Xie H, Tang W, Hu Y. Novel Class of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Kinase Inhibitors Based on an o-Aminopyridyl Alkynyl Scaffold as Potential Treatment for Inflammatory Disorders. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1397-1414. [PMID: 31934767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) is involved in inflammatory disorders as well as in many types of cancer. Based on high-throughput screening and docking results, we performed a detailed structure-activity-relationship study, leading to the discovery of a new series of compounds with nanomolar IC50 values against CSF-1R without the inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptors. One of the most promising hits, compound 29, potently inhibited CSF-1R kinase with an IC50 value of 0.7 nM, while it showed no inhibition to the same family member FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3. Compound 29 displayed excellent anti-inflammatory effects against RAW264.7 macrophages indicated by significant inhibition against the activation of the CSF-1R pathway with low cytotoxicity. In addition, compound 29 exhibited strong in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy alongside favorable drug characteristics. This novel compound 29 may serve as a new drug candidate with promising applications in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Bing Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yingqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wenming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Caigui Xiang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Aihuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yuanzhuo Gao
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
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7
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Green metal-free synthesis of spiro-fused 3,4′-pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives via deamination cyclization reactions in aqueous medium. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Narsimha S, Battula KS, Nagavelli VR. One-pot synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole-pyrimido[4,5-c]isoquinoline hybrids and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1440315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1311] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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10
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Farag AK, Elkamhawy A, Londhe AM, Lee KT, Pae AN, Roh EJ. Novel LCK/FMS inhibitors based on phenoxypyrimidine scaffold as potential treatment for inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:657-675. [PMID: 29107425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases including LCK and FMS are involved in inflammatory disorders as well as many types of cancer. Our team has designed and synthesized thirty novel pyrimidine based inhibitors targeting LCK, classified into four different series (amides, ureas, imines (Schiff base) and benzylamines). Twelve of them showed nanomolar IC50 values. Compound 7g showed excellent selectivity profile and was selectively potent over FMS kinase (IC50 value of 4.6 nM). Molecular docking study was performed to help us rationalize the obtained results and predict the possible binding mode for our compounds in both LCK and FMS. Based on the obtained biological assay data and modelling results, a detailed SAR study was discussed. As a further testing regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of the new compounds, in vitro cellular assay over RAW 264.7 macrophages was performed. Compound 7g exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, we report the design of novel phenoxypyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective LCK inhibitors and the discovery of 7g as potent and selective FMS/LCK dual inhibitor for the potential application in inflammatory disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Karam Farag
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Acosta P, Insuasty B, Abonia R, Gutierrez M, Quiroga J. Synthesis of novel 7-aryl and 7-spiropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their study as AChE inhibitors. Mol Divers 2017; 21:943-955. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Kobayashi K, Ono R, Ishitobi K, Chikazawa Y, Hiyoshi H, Umezu K. Synthesis of 6,7-Dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5(8H)-one Derivatives Based on the Reaction of 1-(4-Chloropyrimidin-5-yl)alk-2-en-1-one Derivatives with Primary Amines. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Facile synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines via cyclocondensation of 4,6-dichloro-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde with β-substituted β-aminoacrylic esters. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Saikia P, Sharma G, Gogoi S, Boruah RC. Cascade imination, Buchwald–Hartwig cross coupling and cycloaddition reaction: synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines via cascade imination/Buchwald–Hartwig cross coupling/cycloaddition reactions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Saikia
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Gitarthi Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Sanjib Gogoi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Romesh C. Boruah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
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15
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Potapov AY, Falaleev AV, Shikhaliev KS, Shatalov GV. Preparation and synthetic scope of 3-(4-methyl-2-R-pyrimidin-5-yl)-3-oxopropionic esters. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Saikia L, Das B, Bharali P, Thakur AJ. A convenient synthesis of novel 5-aryl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and screening of their preliminary antibacterial properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Xu S, Xu T, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Luo J, Liu Y, Lu X, Tu Z, Ren X, Ding K. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinyl Derivatives as New Irreversible Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8803-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4012388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xu
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, #19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, #19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianwen Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Institute
of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
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18
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Illig CR, Manthey CL, Meegalla SK, Wall MJ, Chen J, Wilson KJ, DesJarlais RL, Ballentine SK, Schubert C, Crysler CS, Chen Y, Molloy CJ, Chaikin MA, Donatelli RR, Yurkow E, Zhou Z, Player MR, Tomczuk BE. Enhancement of kinase selectivity in a potent class of arylamide FMS inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6363-9. [PMID: 24138939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on a highly potent series of arylamide FMS inhibitors were carried out with the aim of improving FMS kinase selectivity, particularly over KIT. Potent compound 17r (FMS IC50 0.7 nM, FMS cell IC50 6.1 nM) was discovered that had good PK properties and a greater than fivefold improvement in selectivity for FMS over KIT kinase in a cellular assay relative to the previously reported clinical candidate 4. This improved selectivity was manifested in vivo by no observed decrease in circulating reticulocytes, a measure of bone safety, at the highest studied dose. Compound 17r was highly active in a mouse pharmacodynamic model and demonstrated disease-modifying effects in a dose-dependent manner in a strep cell wall-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Illig
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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19
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Tolstoluzhsky N, Nikolaienko P, Gorobets N, Van der Eycken EV, Kolos N. Efficient Synthesis of Uracil-Derived Hexa- and Tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Kumari A, Kaur M, Bahia MS, Silakari O. 3D-QSAR analysis of anilinoquinoline inhibitors of colony stimulating factor-1 kinase (cFMS): implementation of field-based molecular alignment. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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El-Gamal MI, Anbar HS, Yoo KH, Oh CH. FMS Kinase Inhibitors: Current Status and Future Prospects. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:599-636. [PMID: 22434539 DOI: 10.1002/med.21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
FMS, first discovered as the oncogene responsible for Feline McDonough Sarcoma, is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to the macrophage or monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1). Signal transduction through that binding results in survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Overexpression of CSF-1 and/or FMS has been implicated in a number of disease states such as the growth of metastasis of certain types of cancer, in promoting osteoclast proliferation in bone osteolysis, and many inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of CSF-1 and/or FMS may help treat these pathological conditions. This article reviews FMS gene, FMS kinase, CSF-1, IL-34, and their roles in bone osteolysis, cancer biology, and inflammation. Monoclonal antibodies, FMS crystal structure, and small molecule FMS kinase inhibitors of different chemical scaffolds are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
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22
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Xu D, Kim Y, Postelnek J, Vu MD, Hu DQ, Liao C, Bradshaw M, Hsu J, Zhang J, Pashine A, Srinivasan D, Woods J, Levin A, O'Mahony A, Owens TD, Lou Y, Hill RJ, Narula S, DeMartino J, Fine JS. RN486, a selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, abrogates immune hypersensitivity responses and arthritis in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:90-103. [PMID: 22228807 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutation and pharmacological inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) both have been shown to prevent the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, providing a rationale for the development of Btk inhibitors for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we characterized a novel Btk inhibitor, 6-cyclopropyl-8-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxymethyl-3-{1-methyl-5-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl}-phenyl)-2H-isoquinolin-1-one (RN486), in vitro and in rodent models of immune hypersensitivity and arthritis. We demonstrated that RN486 not only potently and selectively inhibited the Btk enzyme, but also displayed functional activities in human cell-based assays in multiple cell types, blocking Fcε receptor cross-linking-induced degranulation in mast cells (IC(50) = 2.9 nM), Fcγ receptor engagement-mediated tumor necrosis factor α production in monocytes (IC(50) = 7.0 nM), and B cell antigen receptor-induced expression of an activation marker, CD69, in B cells in whole blood (IC(50) = 21.0 nM). RN486 displayed similar functional activities in rodent models, effectively preventing type I and type III hypersensitivity responses. More importantly, RN486 produced robust anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects in mouse CIA and rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) models. In the AIA model, RN486 inhibited both joint and systemic inflammation either alone or in combination with methotrexate, reducing both paw swelling and inflammatory markers in the blood. Together, our findings not only demonstrate that Btk plays an essential and conserved role in regulating immunoreceptor-mediated immune responses in both humans and rodents, but also provide evidence and mechanistic insights to support the development of selective Btk inhibitors as small-molecule disease-modifying drugs for RA and potentially other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigen Xu
- Department of Inflammation Discovery, Hoffmann-la-Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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23
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Illig CR, Manthey CL, Wall MJ, Meegalla SK, Chen J, Wilson KJ, Ballentine SK, DesJarlais RL, Schubert C, Crysler CS, Chen Y, Molloy CJ, Chaikin MA, Donatelli RR, Yurkow E, Zhou Z, Player MR, Tomczuk BE. Optimization of a Potent Class of Arylamide Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitors Leading to Anti-inflammatory Clinical Candidate 4-Cyano-N-[2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4-[1-[(dimethylamino)acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]phenyl]-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide (JNJ-28312141). J Med Chem 2011; 54:7860-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200900q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl R. Illig
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Carl L. Manthey
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Mark J. Wall
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Sanath K. Meegalla
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Wilson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Shelley K. Ballentine
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Renee L. DesJarlais
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Carsten Schubert
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Carl S. Crysler
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Yanmin Chen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christopher J. Molloy
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Margery A. Chaikin
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Robert R. Donatelli
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Edward Yurkow
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Mark R. Player
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Bruce E. Tomczuk
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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24
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Uitdehaag JCM, Sünnen CM, van Doornmalen AM, de Rouw N, Oubrie A, Azevedo R, Ziebell M, Nickbarg E, Karstens WJ, Ruygrok S. Multidimensional profiling of CSF1R screening hits and inhibitors: assessing cellular activity, target residence time, and selectivity in a higher throughput way. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:1007-17. [PMID: 21873591 DOI: 10.1177/1087057111418113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, improvements in high-throughput screening (HTS) technology and compound libraries have resulted in a dramatic increase in the amounts of good-quality screening hits, and there is a growing need for follow-on hit profiling assays with medium throughput to further triage hits. Here the authors present such assays for the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, Fms), including tests for cellular activity and a homogeneous assay to measure affinity for inactive CSF1R. They also present a high-throughput assay to measure target residence time, which is based on competitive binding kinetics. To better fit k(off) rates, they present a modified mathematical model for competitive kinetics. In all assays, they profiled eight reference inhibitors (imatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, tandutinib, dasatinib, GW2580, Ki20227, and J&J's pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one). Using the known biochemical selectivities of these inhibitors, which can be quantified using metrics such as the selectivity entropy, the authors have determined which assay readout best predicts hit selectivity. Their profiling shows surprisingly that imatinib has a preference for the active form of CSF1R and that Ki20227 has an unusually slow target dissociation rate. This confirms that follow-on hit profiling is essential to ensure that the best hits are selected for lead optimization.
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25
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Sasada T, Aoki Y, Ikeda R, Sakai N, Konakahara T. Synthesis of Tri- or Tetrasubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives through the [5+1] Annulation of Enamidines with either N,N-Dimethylformamide Dialkyl Acetals or Orthoesters and Their Application in a Ring Transformation of Pyrimidines to Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidi. Chemistry 2011; 17:9385-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Irfan M, Glasnov TN, Kappe CO. Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reactions in continuous-flow reactors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:300-16. [PMID: 21337528 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microreactor technology and continuous flow processing in general are key features in making organic synthesis both more economical and environmentally friendly. Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reactions under continuous flow conditions offer significant benefits compared to batch processes which are related to the unique gas-liquid-solid triphasic reaction conditions present in these transformations. In this review article recent developments in continuous flow heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reactions using molecular hydrogen are summarized. Available flow hydrogenation techniques, reactors, commonly used catalysts and examples of synthetic applications with an emphasis on laboratory-scale flow hydrogenation reactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry, Karl Franzens University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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27
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Wodicka LM, Ciceri P, Davis MI, Hunt JP, Floyd M, Salerno S, Hua XH, Ford JM, Armstrong RC, Zarrinkar PP, Treiber DK. Activation state-dependent binding of small molecule kinase inhibitors: structural insights from biochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:1241-9. [PMID: 21095574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between kinases and small molecule inhibitors can be activation state dependent. A detailed understanding of inhibitor binding therefore requires characterizing interactions across multiple activation states. We have systematically explored the effects of ABL1 activation loop phosphorylation and PDGFR family autoinhibitory juxtamembrane domain docking on inhibitor binding affinity. For a diverse compound set, the affinity patterns correctly classify inhibitors as having type I or type II binding modes, and we show that juxtamembrane domain docking can have dramatic negative effects on inhibitor affinity. The results have allowed us to associate ligand-induced conformational changes observed in cocrystal structures with specific energetic costs. The approach we describe enables investigation of the complex relationship between kinase activation state and compound binding affinity and should facilitate strategic inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Wodicka
- Ambit Biosciences, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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28
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Csuk R, Prell E. Difluorotetrahydropyridothiazinone: a selective β-galactosidase inhibitor. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 343:577-82. [PMID: 20925095 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selective difluorination, introducing a lactame moiety (instead of an amine) and a double bond in a trihydroxy-2-thiaquinolizidine derivative reverses the selectivity of the glycosidase inhibitor - a selective inhibitor for an α-glucosidase is altered into an excellent, competitive inhibitor for a β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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29
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages are key drivers of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The cellular receptor for CSF-1 and IL-34, c-FMS, is a key component of the mechanism(s) by which macrophages are regulated. Several drug discovery programs aimed at uncovering inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase activity of this receptor are now entering clinical phase, and the prospect of readjusting the behavior of macrophages in a number of pathological situations, such as inflammation and cancer, is now on us. AREAS COVERED In this review, we evaluate the available patent literature on the topic of small molecule inhibitors of c-FMS. By way of background, we review the biology of c-FMS and make an analysis of the therapeutic opportunities that a small molecule c-FMS inhibitor might present. In order to place the pharmacology in perspective, we examine the literature concerning the role of the CSF-1-IL-34-c-FMS axis in macrophage function as well as cell types related to macrophages, such as the osteoclast, the dendritic cell and microglia, and provide a background to the understanding of the therapeutic opportunities for c-FMS inhibitors as well as potential obstacles that could limit their use. EXPERT OPINION The c-FMS receptor is a hot target for the development of novel regulators of macrophage behavior. Some nice candidates have been developed by a number of groups, and their recent entry into clinical phase testing means that we are now on the cusp of a fuller understanding of the role of these important regulators of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the development of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Burns
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 4 Research Avenue, La Trobe R & D Park, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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30
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Reducing ion channel activity in a series of 4-heterocyclic arylamide FMS inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3925-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Liu H, Xia W, Luo Y, Lu W. A novel synthesis of imatinib and its intermediates. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Meyers MJ, Pelc M, Kamtekar S, Day J, Poda GI, Hall MK, Michener ML, Reitz BA, Mathis KJ, Pierce BS, Parikh MD, Mischke DA, Long SA, Parlow JJ, Anderson DR, Thorarensen A. Structure-based drug design enables conversion of a DFG-in binding CSF-1R kinase inhibitor to a DFG-out binding mode. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1543-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Surmont R, Verniest G, Thuring JW, Macdonald G, Deroose F, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 4-Substituted 3,3-Difluoropiperidines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:929-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902164z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Surmont
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Willem Thuring
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor Macdonald
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Deroose
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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34
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Manthey CL, Johnson DL, Illig CR, Tuman RW, Zhou Z, Baker JF, Chaikin MA, Donatelli RR, Franks CF, Zeng L, Crysler C, Chen Y, Yurkow EJ, Boczon L, Meegalla SK, Wilson KJ, Wall MJ, Chen J, Ballentine SK, Ott H, Baumann C, Lawrence D, Tomczuk BE, Molloy CJ. JNJ-28312141, a novel orally active colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor/FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase-3 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential utility in solid tumors, bone metastases, and acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:3151-61. [PMID: 19887542 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that tumor-associated macrophages promote the malignancy of some cancers. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is expressed by many tumors and is a growth factor for macrophages and mediates osteoclast differentiation. Herein, we report the efficacy of a novel orally active CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) kinase inhibitor, JNJ-28312141, in proof of concept studies of solid tumor growth and tumor-induced bone erosion. H460 lung adenocarcinoma cells did not express CSF-1R and were not growth inhibited by JNJ-28312141 in vitro. Nevertheless, daily p.o. administration of JNJ-28312141 caused dose-dependent suppression of H460 tumor growth in nude mice that correlated with marked reductions in F4/80(+) tumor-associated macrophages and with increased plasma CSF-1, a possible biomarker of CSF-1R inhibition. Furthermore, the tumor microvasculature was reduced in JNJ-28312141-treated mice, consistent with a role for macrophages in tumor angiogenesis. In separate studies, JNJ-28312141 was compared with zoledronate in a model in which MRMT-1 mammary carcinoma cells inoculated into the tibias of rats led to severe cortical and trabecular bone lesions. Both agents reduced tumor growth and preserved bone. However, JNJ-28312141 reduced the number of tumor-associated osteoclasts superior to zoledronate. JNJ-28312141 exhibited additional activity against FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3). To more fully define the therapeutic potential of this new agent, JNJ-28312141 was evaluated in a FLT3-dependent acute myeloid leukemia tumor xenograft model and caused tumor regression. In summary, this novel CSF-1R/FLT3 inhibitor represents a new agent with potential therapeutic activity in acute myeloid leukemia and in settings where CSF-1-dependent macrophages and osteoclasts contribute to tumor growth and skeletal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Manthey
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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