1
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alsayegh AA, Abusudah WF, Almohmadi NH, Eldahshan OA, Ahmed EA, Batiha GES. Insights on benzodiazepines' potential in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2023; 320:121532. [PMID: 36858314 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque and tau-neurofibrillary tangles (TNTs) in the brain. AD is associated with the disturbances of various neurotransmitters including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Of note, GABA is reduced in AD, and restoration of GABA effect by benzodiazepines (BDZs) may improve AD outcomes. However, BDZs may adversely affect cognitive functions chiefly in elderly AD patients with sleep disorders. Besides, there is a controversy regarding the use of BDZs in AD. Consequently, the objective of the present review was to disclose the possible role of BDZs on the pathogenesis of AD that might be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects on AD. Prolonged use of intermediate-acting BDZ lorazepam exerts amnesic effects due to attenuation of synaptic plasticity and impairment of recognition memory. However, BDZs may have a protective effect against the development of AD by reducing tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and progression of AD neuropathology. On the other side, other findings highlighted that extended use of BDZs was not associated with the development of AD. In conclusion, there are controversial points concerning the use of BDZs and the risk for the progression of AD. Thus, preclinical, and clinical studies are essential in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition Department Applied Medical Sciences, College Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wafaa Fouzi Abusudah
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Al Beheira, Egypt.
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2
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Benzodiazepines in Alzheimer's disease: beneficial or detrimental effects. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:221-230. [PMID: 36418599 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is considered a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. AD is linked with the turbulence of diverse neurotransmitters including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Notably, GABA in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid was reduced in AD. Thus, allosteric modulation of the GABA effect by benzodiazepines (BDZs) may improve the clinical outcomes of AD patients. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to reveal the possible role of BDZs on the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes in AD patients. Though BDZs may adversely affect cognitive functions mainly in elderly patients, herein it was postulated that BDZs may have beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects in AD. Taken together, there is strong controversy regarding the use of BDZs and the risk for the development of AD. Therefore, experimental, preclinical and clinical studies are critical to determine the potential protective or detrimental effects of BDZs on AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Professor in Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Professor in Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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3
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Bhagat K, Singh JV, Pagare PP, Kumar N, Sharma A, Kaur G, Kinarivala N, Gandu S, Singh H, Sharma S, Bedi PMS. Rational approaches for the design of various GABA modulators and their clinical progression. Mol Divers 2021; 25:551-601. [PMID: 32170466 PMCID: PMC8422677 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Attenuation of GABAergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the etiology of several neurological disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, migraine, Parkinson's disease, neuropathic pain, and depression. Increase in the GABAergic activity may be achieved through direct agonism at the GABAA receptors, inhibition of enzymatic breakdown of GABA, or by inhibition of the GABA transport proteins (GATs). These functionalities make GABA receptor modulators and GATs attractive drug targets in brain disorders associated with decreased GABA activity. There have been several reports of development of GABA modulators (GABA receptors, GABA transporters, and GABAergic enzyme inhibitors) in the past decade. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to provide an overview on various design strategies and synthetic approaches toward developing GABA modulators. Furthermore, mechanistic insights, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling inputs for the biologically active derivatives have also been discussed. Summary of the advances made over the past few years in the clinical translation and development of GABA receptor modulators is also provided. This compilation will be of great interest to the researchers working in the field of neuroscience. From the light of detailed literature, it can be concluded that numerous molecules have displayed significant results and their promising potential, clearly placing them ahead as potential future drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Jatinder V Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Gurinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Srinivasa Gandu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Cell and Development Biology Graduate Program, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Preet Mohinder S Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
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4
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Xu Y, Zhao M, Han Y, Zhang H. GABAergic Inhibitory Interneuron Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Treatment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:660. [PMID: 32714136 PMCID: PMC7344222 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by severe cognitive deficits and pathologically by amyloid plaques, neuronal loss, and neurofibrillary tangles. Abnormal amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition in the brain is often thought of as a major initiating factor in AD neuropathology. However, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory interneurons are resistant to Aβ deposition, and Aβ decreases synaptic glutamatergic transmission to decrease neural network activity. Furthermore, there is now evidence suggesting that neural network activity is aberrantly increased in AD patients and animal models due to functional deficits in and decreased activity of GABA inhibitory interneurons, contributing to cognitive deficits. Here we describe the roles played by excitatory neurons and GABA inhibitory interneurons in Aβ-induced cognitive deficits and how altered GABA interneurons regulate AD neuropathology. We also comprehensively review recent studies on how GABA interneurons and GABA receptors can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. GABA interneurons are an emerging therapeutic target in AD, with further clinical trials urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Xu
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Manna Zhao
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yuying Han
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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5
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Bi D, Wen L, Wu Z, Shen Y. GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1312-1329. [PMID: 32543726 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose a new hypothesis that GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACKGROUND Synaptic dysfunction and E/I imbalance emerge decades before the appearance of cognitive decline in AD patients, which contribute to neurodegeneration. Initially, E/I imbalance was thought to occur first, due to dysfunction of the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems. However, new evidence has demonstrated that the GABAergic system, the counterpart of E/I balance and the major inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system, is altered enormously and that this contributes to E/I imbalance and further AD pathogenesis. NEW HYPOTHESIS Alterations to the GABAergic system, induced by multiple AD pathogenic or risk factors, contribute to E/I imbalance and AD pathogenesis. MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR THE HYPOTHESIS This GABAergic hypothesis accounts for many critical questions and common challenges confronting a new hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. More specifically, it explains why amyloid beta (Aβ), β-secretase (BACE1), apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE ε4), hyperactive glia cells, contributes to AD pathogenesis and why age and sex are the risk factors of AD. GABAergic dysfunction promotes the spread of Aβ pathology throughout the AD brain and associated cognitive impairments, and the induction of dysfunction induced by these varied risk factors shares this common neurobiology leading to E/I imbalance. In turn, some of these factors exacerbate GABAergic dysfunction and E/I imbalance. Moreover, the GABAergic system modulates various brain functions and thus, the GABAergic hypothesis accounts for nonamnestic manifestations. Furthermore, corrections of E/I balance through manipulation of GABAergic functions have shown positive outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting the potential of the GABAergic system as a therapeutic target in AD. LINKAGE TO OTHER MAJOR THEORIES Dysfunction of the GABAergic system is induced by multiple critical signaling pathways, which include the existing major theories of AD pathogenesis, such as the Aβ and neuroinflammation hypotheses. In a new perspective, this GABAergic hypothesis accounts for the E/I imbalance and related excitotoxicity, which contribute to cognitive decline and AD pathogenesis. Therefore, the GABAergic system could be a key target to restore, at least partially, the E/I balance and cognitive function in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Bi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lang Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zujun Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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6
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Solomon VR, Tallapragada VJ, Chebib M, Johnston G, Hanrahan JR. GABA allosteric modulators: An overview of recent developments in non-benzodiazepine modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:434-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Guerrini G, Crocetti L, Daniele S, Iacovone A, Cantini N, Martini C, Melani F, Vergelli C, Giovannoni MP. New 3,6‐Disubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐
a
]quinazolines as Ligands to GABA
A
Receptor Subtype. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guerrini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Farmaceutica e NutraceuticaUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Farmaceutica e NutraceuticaUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Dipartimento FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Pisa Via Bonanno 6 Pisa Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Farmaceutica e NutraceuticaUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Niccolò Cantini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Farmaceutica e NutraceuticaUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Pisa Via Bonanno 6 Pisa Italy
| | - Fabrizio Melani
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Farmaceutica e NutraceuticaUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Farmaceutica e NutraceuticaUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Farmaceutica e NutraceuticaUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Florence Italy
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8
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Lashgari N, Mostofi M, Mahdavi M. Synthesis, Reaction and Biological Activity of Pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-Oxides. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-18-893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Guerrini G, Ciciani G, Crocetti L, Daniele S, Ghelardini C, Giovannoni MP, Iacovone A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Martini C, Vergelli C. Identification of a New Pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline Ligand Highly Affine to γ-Aminobutyric Type A (GABAA) Receptor Subtype with Anxiolytic-Like and Antihyperalgesic Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9691-9702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guerrini
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ciciani
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Dipartimento
FARMACIA, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa56126, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento
FARMACIA, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa56126, Italy
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto
Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
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10
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Guerrini G, Ciciani G, Crocetti L, Daniele S, Ghelardini C, Giovannoni MP, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Martini C, Vergelli C. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel GABAA
Subtype Receptor Ligands with Potential Anxiolytic-like and Anti-hyperalgesic Effect. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guerrini
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Florence Italy
| | - Giovanna Ciciani
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Florence Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Florence Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Dipartimento FARMACIA; Università degli Studi di Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, sezione Farmacologia; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Florence Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Florence Italy
| | | | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento FARMACIA; Università degli Studi di Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, sezione Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Florence Italy
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11
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Guerrini G, Ciciani G, Daniele S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Martini C, Selleri S. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of pyrazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidin-7(4 H )-one derivatives as potential GABA A -R ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1901-1906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Sun H, Chen Z, Xu H, Bu G, Zheng H. Implications of GABAergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:31. [PMID: 26941642 PMCID: PMC4763334 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by the deposition of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyper-phosphorylated tau. Regardless of the pathological hallmarks, synaptic dysfunction is widely accepted as a causal event in AD. Of the two major types of synapses in the central nervous system (CNS): glutamatergic and GABAergic, which provide excitatory and inhibitory outputs respectively, abundant data implicate an impaired glutamatergic system during disease progression. However, emerging evidence supports the notion that disrupted default neuronal network underlies impaired memory, and that alterations of GABAergic circuits, either plays a primary role or as a compensatory response to excitotoxicity, may also contribute to AD by disrupting the overall network function. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the involvement of Aβ, tau and apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), the major genetic risk factor in late-onset AD (LOAD), in GABAergic neurotransmission and the potential of modulating the GABAergic function as AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Zhicai Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Neurodegenerative Disease Research Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; The Interdepartmental Program of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
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13
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Guerrini G, Ciciani G, Costanzo A, Daniele S, Martini C, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ciattini S. Synthesis of novel cognition enhancers with pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine core acting at γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2186-2198. [PMID: 23490154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory dysfunction associated with aging, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders represents an increasing medical need. Advances in research exploring the biological mechanisms underlying learning and memory have opened new potential approaches for development of memory-enhancing therapies addressed to selective neuronal targets. In this work, we synthesized some derivatives with a pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine core to identify ligands on GABAA receptors subtype (benzodiazepine site on GABAA-receptor) endowed with the potential of enhancing cognition activity without the side effects usually associated with non-selective GABAA modulators. In fact, there is much evidence that GABAA-R (γ-aminobutyric acid, type A receptor) subtype ligands have relevance in learning and memory. In vitro and in vivo tests have been performed. Pharmacological data indicate that compounds 7, 13, 14 and 22 act as dual functional modulators of GABAA-Rs (promnemonic and anxiolytic agents) while only compounds 3 and 10 stand out as selectively displaying good antiamnesic and procognitive activity (1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente attivi (HeteroBioLab) Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Ciciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente attivi (HeteroBioLab) Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Annarella Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente attivi (HeteroBioLab) Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica Aiazzi-Mancini, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica Aiazzi-Mancini, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Samuele Ciattini
- Centro di Cristallografia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Zheng LW, Zhao BX, Liu YR. Expeditious Synthesis and Single Crystal Structure of New Pyrazole-Fused 1,4-Oxazine. J Heterocycl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Rui Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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15
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Guerrini G, Ciciani G, Bruni F, Selleri S, Martini C, Daniele S, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Costanzo A. Development of ligands at γ-aminobutyrric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subtype as new agents for pain relief. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7441-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Cyclisation reactions of hydrazones XXXII. Synthesis of some pyrazolylhydrazones and study of their cyclisation. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Sahin K, Sarıpınar E, Yanmaz E, Geçen N. Quantitative bioactivity prediction and pharmacophore identification for benzotriazine derivatives using the electron conformational-genetic algorithm in QSAR. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 22:217-238. [PMID: 21391137 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2010.548341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The electron conformational-genetic algorithm (EC-GA), a sophisticated hybrid approach combining the GA and EC methods, has been employed for a 4D-QSAR procedure to identify the pharmacophore for benzotriazines as sarcoma inhibitors and for quantitative prediction of activity. The calculated geometry and electronic structure parameters of every atom and bond of each molecule are arranged in a matrix described as the electron-conformational matrix of contiguity (ECMC). By comparing the ECMC of one of the most active compounds with other ECMCs we were able to obtain the features of the pharmacophore responsible for the activity, as submatrices of the template known as electron conformational submatrices of activity. The GA was used to select the most important descriptors and to predict the theoretical activity of training and test sets. The predictivity of the model was internally validated. The best QSAR model was selected, having r² = 0.9008, standard error = 0.0510 and cross-validated squared correlation coefficient, q² = 0.8192.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sahin
- Bitlis Eren University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Bitlis, Turkey
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18
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Guerrini G, Ciciani G, Bruni F, Selleri S, Melani F, Daniele S, Martini C, Costanzo A. New 3-, 8-disubstituted pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazines useful for studying the interaction with the HBp-3 area (hydrogen bond point area) in the benzodiazepine site on the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3074-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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New fluoro derivatives of the pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-oxide system: evaluation of fluorine binding properties in the benzodiazepine site on γ-aminobutyrric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor. Design, synthesis, biological, and molecular modeling investigation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7532-48. [PMID: 20939501 DOI: 10.1021/jm1001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the search for potent ligands at the benzodiazepine site on the GABA(A) receptor, new fluoro derivatives of the pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine system were synthesized to evaluate the importance of the introduction of a fluorine atom in this system. Biological and pharmacological studies indicate that the substitution at position 8 with a trifluoromethyl group confers pharmacological activity due to potential metabolic stability in comparison to inactive 8-methyl substituted analogues. In particular, the compound 3-(2-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl)-8-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-oxide (21) emerges because of its selective anxiolytic profile without side effects. An analysis of all the newly synthesized compounds in our pharmacophoric map confirms the essential interaction points for binding recognition and the important areas for affinity modulation. The fluorine atom was able to form a hydrogen bond interaction only when it is not in position 3.
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γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor Subtype Inverse Agonists as Therapeutic Agents in Cognition. Methods Enzymol 2010; 485:197-211. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381296-4.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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