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Höring C, Seibel U, Tropmann K, Grätz L, Mönnich D, Pitzl S, Bernhardt G, Pockes S, Strasser A. A Dynamic, Split-Luciferase-Based Mini-G Protein Sensor to Functionally Characterize Ligands at All Four Histamine Receptor Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228440. [PMID: 33182741 PMCID: PMC7698210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery, assays with proximal readout are of great importance to study target-specific effects of potential drug candidates. In the field of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the determination of GPCR-G protein interactions and G protein activation by means of radiolabeled GTP analogs ([35S]GTPγS, [γ-32P]GTP) has widely been used for this purpose. Since we were repeatedly faced with insufficient quality of radiolabeled nucleotides, there was a requirement to implement a novel proximal functional assay for the routine characterization of putative histamine receptor ligands. We applied the split-NanoLuc to the four histamine receptor subtypes (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) and recently engineered minimal G (mini-G) proteins. Using this method, the functional response upon receptor activation was monitored in real-time and the four mini-G sensors were evaluated by investigating selected standard (inverse) agonists and antagonists. All potencies and efficacies of the studied ligands were in concordance with literature data. Further, we demonstrated a significant positive correlation of the signal amplitude and the mini-G protein expression level in the case of the H2R, but not for the H1R or the H3R. The pEC50 values of histamine obtained under different mini-G expression levels were consistent. Moreover, we obtained excellent dynamic ranges (Z’ factor) and the signal spans were improved for all receptor subtypes in comparison to the previously performed [35S]GTPγS binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Höring
- Correspondence: (C.H.); , (A.S.); Tel.: +49-941-943-4748 (C.H.); +49-941-943-4821 (A.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Strasser
- Correspondence: (C.H.); , (A.S.); Tel.: +49-941-943-4748 (C.H.); +49-941-943-4821 (A.S.)
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2
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Tropmann K, Höring C, Plank N, Pockes S. Discovery of a G Protein-Biased Radioligand for the Histamine H2 Receptor with Reversible Binding Properties. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13090-13102. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tropmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Plank
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Soliman B, Wang N, Zagotto G, Pockes S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of heteroalicyclic cyanoguanidines at histamine receptors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900107. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Soliman
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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Bartole E, Littmann T, Tanaka M, Ozawa T, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. [ 3H]UR-DEBa176: A 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine-Type Radioligand Enabling Binding Studies at the Human, Mouse, and Rat Histamine H 4 Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8338-8356. [PMID: 31469288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Differences in sequence homology between human (h), mouse (m), and rat (r) histamine H4 receptors (H4R) cause discrepancies regarding affinities, potencies, and/or efficacies of ligands and therefore compromise translational animal models and the applicability of radioligands. Aiming at a radioligand enabling robust and comparative binding studies at the h/m/rH4Rs, 2,4-diaminopyrimidines were synthesized and pharmacologically investigated. The most notable compounds identified were two (partial) agonists with comparable potencies at the h/m/rH4Rs: UR-DEBa148 (N-neopentyl-4-(1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate), 43), the most potent [pEC50 (reporter gene assay) = 9.9/9.6/10.3] compound in the series being slightly G-protein biased and UR-DEBa176 [(R)-4-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-N-neopentylpyrimidin-2-amine bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate), 46, pEC50 (reporter gene assay) = 8.7/9.0/9.2], a potential "cold" form of a tritiated H4R ligand. After radiolabeling, binding studies with [3H]UR-DEBa176 ([3H]46) at the h/m/rH4Rs revealed comparable Kd values (41/17/22 nM), low nonspecific binding (11-17%, ∼Kd), and fast associations/dissociations (25-30 min) and disclosed [3H]UR-DEBa176 as useful molecular tool to determine h/m/rH4R binding affinities for H4R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Bartole
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku , Hongo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku , Hongo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
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Pockes S, Wifling D, Buschauer A, Elz S. Structure-Activity Relationship of Hetarylpropylguanidines Aiming at the Development of Selective Histamine Receptor Ligands †. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:285-297. [PMID: 30886786 PMCID: PMC6401531 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
New classes of alkylated hetarylpropylguanidines with different functionality and variation in spacer length were synthesized to determine their behavior at the four histamine receptor (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) subtypes. Alkylated guanidines with different terminal functional groups and varied basicity, like amine, guanidine and urea were developed, based on the lead structure SK&F 91486 (2). Furthermore, heteroatomic exchange at the guanidine structure of 2 led to simple analogues of the lead compound. Radioassays at all histamine receptor subtypes were accomplished, as well as organ bath studies at the guinea pig (gp) ileum (gpH1R) and right atrium (gpH2R). Ligands with terminal functionalization led to, partially, highly affine and potent structures (two digit nanomolar), which showed up a bad selectivity profile within the histamine receptor family. While the benzoylurea derivative 144 demonstrated a preference towards the human (h) H3R, S-methylisothiourea analogue 143 obtained high affinity at the hH4R (pKi=8.14) with moderate selectivity. The molecular basis of the latter finding was supported by computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D-93053RegensburgGermany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D-93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D-93053RegensburgGermany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 31D-93053RegensburgGermany
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Dolles D, Hoffmann M, Gunesch S, Marinelli O, Möller J, Santoni G, Chatonnet A, Lohse MJ, Wittmann HJ, Strasser A, Nabissi M, Maurice T, Decker M. Structure-Activity Relationships and Computational Investigations into the Development of Potent and Balanced Dual-Acting Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Human Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Ligands with Pro-Cognitive in Vivo Profiles. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1646-1663. [PMID: 29400965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and the human cannabinoid receptor 2 (hCB2R) represent promising targets for pharmacotherapy in the later stages of Alzheimer's disease. We merged pharmacophores for both targets into small benzimidazole-based molecules, investigated SARs, and identified several dual-acting ligands with a balanced affinity/inhibitory activity and an excellent selectivity over both hCB1R and hAChE. A homology model for the hCB2R was developed based on the hCB1R crystal structure and used for molecular dynamics studies to investigate binding modes. In vitro studies proved hCB2R agonism. Unwanted μ-opioid receptor affinity could be designed out. One well-balanced dual-acting and selective hBChE inhibitor/hCB2R agonist showed superior in vivo activity over the lead CB2 agonist with regards to cognition improvement. The data shows the possibility to combine a small molecule with selective and balanced GPCR-activity/enzyme inhibition and in vivo activity for the therapy of AD and may help to rationalize the development of other dual-acting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dolles
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino , I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Jan Möller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg , Versbacher Strabe 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino , I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Arnaud Chatonnet
- INRA UMR866, University of Montpellier , F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg , Versbacher Strabe 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , D-95053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , D-95053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino , I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Tangui Maurice
- INSERM UMR-S1198, University of Montpellier, EPHE , F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Hattori Y, Seifert R. Pharmacological Characterization of Human Histamine Receptors and Histamine Receptor Mutants in the Sf9 Cell Expression System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:63-118. [PMID: 28233175 PMCID: PMC7120522 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large problem of histamine receptor research is data heterogeneity. Various experimental approaches, the complex signaling pathways of mammalian cells, and the use of different species orthologues render it difficult to compare and interpret the published results. Thus, the four human histamine receptor subtypes were analyzed side-by-side in the Sf9 insect cell expression system, using radioligand binding assays as well as functional readouts proximal to the receptor activation event (steady-state GTPase assays and [35S]GTPγS assays). The human H1R was co-expressed with the regulators of G protein signaling RGS4 or GAIP, which unmasked a productive interaction between hH1R and insect cell Gαq. By contrast, functional expression of the hH2R required the generation of an hH2R-Gsα fusion protein to ensure close proximity of G protein and receptor. Fusion of hH2R to the long (GsαL) or short (GsαS) splice variant of Gαs resulted in comparable constitutive hH2R activity, although both G protein variants show different GDP affinities. Medicinal chemistry studies revealed profound species differences between hH1R/hH2R and their guinea pig orthologues gpH1R/gpH2R. The causes for these differences were analyzed by molecular modeling in combination with mutational studies. Co-expression of the hH3R with Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gαi/o in Sf9 cells revealed high constitutive activity and comparable interaction efficiency with all G protein isoforms. A comparison of various cations (Li+, Na+, K+) and anions (Cl-, Br-, I-) revealed that anions with large radii most efficiently stabilize the inactive hH3R state. Potential sodium binding sites in the hH3R protein were analyzed by expressing specific hH3R mutants in Sf9 cells. In contrast to the hH3R, the hH4R preferentially couples to co-expressed Gαi2 in Sf9 cells. Its high constitutive activity is resistant to NaCl or GTPγS. The hH4R shows structural instability and adopts a G protein-independent high-affinity state. A detailed characterization of affinity and activity of a series of hH4R antagonists/inverse agonists allowed first conclusions about structure/activity relationships for inverse agonists at hH4R. In summary, the Sf9 cell system permitted a successful side-by-side comparison of all four human histamine receptor subtypes. This chapter summarizes the results of pharmacological as well as medicinal chemistry/molecular modeling approaches and demonstrates that these data are not only important for a deeper understanding of HxR pharmacology, but also have significant implications for the molecular pharmacology of GPCRs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Kiss R, Keserű GM. Structure-based discovery and binding site analysis of histamine receptor ligands. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1165-1185. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1245288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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9
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Pontiki E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. QSAR models on H4 receptor antagonists associated with inflammation and anaphylaxis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:968-1005. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1166986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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10
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Geyer R, Nordemann U, Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Buschauer A. Conformational Restriction and Enantioseparation Increase Potency and Selectivity of Cyanoguanidine-Type Histamine H4 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3452-70. [PMID: 27007611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Cyano-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butyl]-3-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]guanidine (UR-PI376, 1) is a potent and selective agonist of the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R). To gain information on the active conformation, we synthesized analogues of 1 with a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl linker. Affinities and functional activities were determined at recombinant hHxR (x: 1-4) subtypes on Sf9 cell membranes (radioligand binding, [(35)S]GTPγS, or GTPase assays) and in part in luciferase assays on human or mouse H4R (HEK-293 cells). The most potent H4R agonists among 14 racemates were separated by chiral HPLC, yielding eight enantiomerically pure compounds. Configurations were assigned based on X-ray structures of intermediates and a stereocontrolled synthetic pathway. (+)-2-Cyano-1-{[trans-(1S,3S)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopentyl]methyl}-3-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]guanidine ((1S,3S)-UR-RG98, 39a) was the most potent H4R agonist in this series (EC50 11 nM; H4R vs H3R, >100-fold selectivity; H1R, H2R, negligible activities), whereas the optical antipode proved to be an H4R antagonist ([(35)S]GTPγS assay). MD simulations confirmed differential stabilization of the active and inactive H4R state by the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Nordemann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Hammer SG, Gobleder S, Naporra F, Wittmann HJ, Elz S, Heinrich MR, Strasser A. 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as dual ligands at the histamine H1 and H4 receptor-H1/H4-receptor selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:292-300. [PMID: 26718844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Distinct diaminopyrimidines, for example, 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-2-amine are histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonists and show high affinity to the H4R, but only a moderate affinity to the histamine H1 receptor (H1R). Within previous studies it was shown that an aromatic side chain with a distinct distance to the basic amine and aromatic core is necessary for affinity to the human H1R (hH1R). Thus, a rigid aminopyrimidine with a tricyclic core was used as a lead structure. There, (1) the flexible aromatic side chain was introduced, (2) the substitution pattern of the pyrimidine core was exchanged and (3) rigidity was decreased by opening the tricyclic core. Within the present study, two compounds with similar affinity in the one digit μM range to the human H1R and H4R were identified. While the affinity at the hH1R increased about 4- to 8-fold compared to the parent diaminopyrimidine, the affinity to the hH4R decreased about 5- to 8-fold. In addition to the parent diaminopyrimidine, two selected compounds were docked into the H1R and H4R and molecular dynamic studies were performed to predict the binding mode and explain the experimental results on a molecular level. The two new compounds may be good lead structures for the development of dual H1/H4 receptor ligands with affinities in the same range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Gobleder
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Naporra
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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12
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Dolles D, Nimczick M, Scheiner M, Ramler J, Stadtmüller P, Sawatzky E, Drakopoulos A, Sotriffer C, Wittmann HJ, Strasser A, Decker M. Aminobenzimidazoles and Structural Isomers as Templates for Dual-Acting Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors andhCB2R Ligands To Combat Neurodegenerative Disorders. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:1270-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dolles
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Nimczick
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Patricia Stadtmüller
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Edgar Sawatzky
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II; Institute of Pharmacy; University of Regensburg; 95053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II; Institute of Pharmacy; University of Regensburg; 95053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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13
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Han J, Zheng Y, Wang C, Zhu Y, Shi DQ, Zeng R, Huang ZB, Zhao Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxalyl Amide-Directed γ-Arylation of Aliphatic Amines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9297-306. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Da-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Runsheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis
of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Wifling D, Löffel K, Nordemann U, Strasser A, Bernhardt G, Dove S, Seifert R, Buschauer A. Molecular determinants for the high constitutive activity of the human histamine H4 receptor: functional studies on orthologues and mutants. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:785-98. [PMID: 24903527 PMCID: PMC4301689 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Some histamine H4 receptor ligands act as inverse agonists at the human H4 receptor (hH4 R), a receptor with exceptionally high constitutive activity, but as neutral antagonists or partial agonists at the constitutively inactive mouse H4 receptor (mH4 R) and rat H4 receptor (rH4 R). To study molecular determinants of constitutive activity, H4 receptor reciprocal mutants were constructed: single mutants: hH4 R-F169V, mH4 R-V171F, hH4 R-S179A, hH4 R-S179M; double mutants: hH4 R-F169V+S179A, hH4 R-F169V+S179M and mH4 R-V171F+M181S. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Site-directed mutagenesis with pVL1392 plasmids containing hH4 or mH4 receptors were performed. Wild-type or mutant receptors were co-expressed with Gαi2 and Gβ1 γ2 in Sf9 cells. Membranes were studied in saturation and competition binding assays ([(3) H]-histamine), and in functional [(35) S]-GTPγS assays with inverse, partial and full agonists of the hH4 receptor. KEY RESULTS Constitutive activity decreased from the hH4 receptor via the hH4 R-F169V mutant to the hH4 R-F169V+S179A and hH4 R-F169V+S179M double mutants. F169 alone or in concert with S179 plays a major role in stabilizing a ligand-free active state of the hH4 receptor. Partial inverse hH4 receptor agonists like JNJ7777120 behaved as neutral antagonists or partial agonists at species orthologues with lower or no constitutive activity. Some partial and full hH4 receptor agonists showed decreased maximal effects and potencies at hH4 R-F169V and double mutants. However, the mutation of S179 in the hH4 receptor to M as in mH4 receptor or A as in rH4 receptor did not significantly reduce constitutive activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS F169 and S179 are key amino acids for the high constitutive activity of hH4 receptors and may also be of relevance for other constitutively active GPCRs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Histamine Pharmacology Update published in volume 170 issue 1. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Wifling D, Bernhardt G, Dove S, Buschauer A. The extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of the human histamine H4 receptor substantially contributes to ligand binding and constitutive activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117185. [PMID: 25629160 PMCID: PMC4309601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the corresponding mouse and rat orthologs, the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R) shows extraordinarily high constitutive activity. In the extracellular loop (ECL), replacement of F169 by V as in the mouse H4R significantly reduced constitutive activity. Stabilization of the inactive state was even more pronounced for a double mutant, in which, in addition to F169V, S179 in the ligand binding site was replaced by M. To study the role of the FF motif in ECL2, we generated the hH4R-F168A mutant. The receptor was co-expressed in Sf9 insect cells with the G-protein subunits Gαi2 and Gβ1γ2, and the membranes were studied in [3H]histamine binding and functional [35S]GTPγS assays. The potency of various ligands at the hH4R-F168A mutant decreased compared to the wild-type hH4R, for example by 30- and more than 100-fold in case of the H4R agonist UR-PI376 and histamine, respectively. The high constitutive activity of the hH4R was completely lost in the hH4R-F168A mutant, as reflected by neutral antagonism of thioperamide, a full inverse agonist at the wild-type hH4R. By analogy, JNJ7777120 was a partial inverse agonist at the hH4R, but a partial agonist at the hH4R-F168A mutant, again demonstrating the decrease in constitutive activity due to F168A mutation. Thus, F168 was proven to play a key role not only in ligand binding and potency, but also in the high constitutive activity of the hH4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dove
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Corrêa MF, dos Santos Fernandes JP. Histamine H4 receptor ligands: future applications and state of art. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:461-80. [PMID: 25228262 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a chemical transmitter found practically in whole organism and exerts its effects through the interaction with H1 to H4 histaminergic receptors. Specifically, H4 receptors are found mainly in immune cells and blood-forming tissues, thus are involved in inflammatory and immune processes, as well as some actions in central nervous system. Therefore, H4 receptor ligands can have applications in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and immune diseases and may be novel therapeutic option in these conditions. Several H4 receptor ligands have been described from early 2000's until nowadays, being imidazole, indolecarboxamide, 2-aminopyrimidine, quinazoline, and quinoxaline scaffolds the most explored and discussed in this review. Moreover, several studies of molecular modeling using homology models of H4 receptor and QSAR data of the ligands are summarized. The increasing and promising therapeutic applications are leading these compounds to clinical trials, which probably will be part of the next generation of blockbuster drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fidelis Corrêa
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
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Baumeister P, Erdmann D, Biselli S, Kagermeier N, Elz S, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A. [(3) H]UR-DE257: development of a tritium-labeled squaramide-type selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:83-93. [PMID: 25320025 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of new piperidinomethylphenoxypropylamine-type histamine H2 receptor (H2 R) antagonists with different substituted "urea equivalents" was synthesized and characterized in functional in vitro assays. Based on these data as selection criteria, radiosynthesis of N-[6-(3,4-dioxo-2-{3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propylamino}cyclobut-1-enylamino)hexyl]-(2,3-(3) H2 )propionic amide ([(3) H]UR-DE257) was performed. The radioligand (specific activity: 63 Ci mmol(-1) ) had high affinity for human, rat, and guinea pig H2 R (hH2 R, Sf9 cells: Kd , saturation binding: 31 nM, kinetic studies: 20 nM). UR-DE257 revealed high H2 R selectivity on membranes of Sf9 cells, expressing the respective hHx R subtype (Ki values: hH1 R: >10000 nM, hH2 R: 28 nM, hH3 R: 3800 nM, hH4 R: >10000 nM). In spite of insurmountable antagonism, probably due to rebinding of [(3) H]UR-DE257 to the H2 R (extended residence time), the title compound proved to be a valuable pharmacological tool for the determination of H2 R affinities in competition binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Baumeister
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany)
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Werner K, Neumann D, Buschauer A, Seifert R. No evidence for histamine H4 receptor in human monocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:519-26. [PMID: 25273276 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is a classic pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi protein-coupled receptor that mediates increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). The presence of H4R in human eosinophils has been rigorously documented by several independent groups. It has also been suggested that H4R is expressed in human monocytes, but this suggestion hinges in part on H4R antibodies with questionable specificity. This situation prompted us to reinvestigate H4R expression in human monocytes. As positive control, we studied human embryonic kidney 293T cells stably expressing the human H4R (hH4R). In these cells, histamine (HA) and the H4R agonist UR-PI376 (2-cyano-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butyl]-3-[(2-phenylthio)ethyl]guanidine) induced pertussis toxin-sensitive [Ca(2+)]i increases. However, in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies we failed to detect hH4R mRNA in human monocytes and U937 promonocytes. In human monocytes, ATP and N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine increased [Ca(2+)]i, but HA, UR-PI376, and 5-methylhistamine (a dual H4R/H2 receptor agonist) did not. In U937 promonocytes and differentiated U937 cells, HA increased [Ca(2+)]i, but this increase was mediated via HA H1 receptor. In conclusion, there is no evidence for the presence of H4R in human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Werner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
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Kooistra AJ, Kuhne S, de Esch IJP, Leurs R, de Graaf C. A structural chemogenomics analysis of aminergic GPCRs: lessons for histamine receptor ligand design. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:101-26. [PMID: 23713847 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chemogenomics focuses on the discovery of new connections between chemical and biological space leading to the discovery of new protein targets and biologically active molecules. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a particularly interesting protein family for chemogenomics studies because there is an overwhelming amount of ligand binding affinity data available. The increasing number of aminergic GPCR crystal structures now for the first time allows the integration of chemogenomics studies with high-resolution structural analyses of GPCR-ligand complexes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we have combined ligand affinity data, receptor mutagenesis studies, and amino acid sequence analyses to high-resolution structural analyses of (hist)aminergic GPCR-ligand interactions. This integrated structural chemogenomics analysis is used to more accurately describe the molecular and structural determinants of ligand affinity and selectivity in different key binding regions of the crystallized aminergic GPCRs, and histamine receptors in particular. KEY RESULTS Our investigations highlight interesting correlations and differences between ligand similarity and ligand binding site similarity of different aminergic receptors. Apparent discrepancies can be explained by combining detailed analysis of crystallized or predicted protein-ligand binding modes, receptor mutation studies, and ligand structure-selectivity relationships that identify local differences in essential pharmacophore features in the ligand binding sites of different receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have performed structural chemogenomics studies that identify links between (hist)aminergic receptor ligands and their binding sites and binding modes. This knowledge can be used to identify structure-selectivity relationships that increase our understanding of ligand binding to (hist)aminergic receptors and hence can be used in future GPCR ligand discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Kooistra
- Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Gschwandtner M, Koether B, Werfel T, Stark H, Gutzmer R. Profiling of histamine H4 receptor agonists in native human monocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:136-43. [PMID: 23638754 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Since the identification of the histamine H₄ receptor, several ligands activating this receptor have been described and more compounds are in development. These ligands are well characterized in pharmacological assays, including radioligand competition binding studies, GTPγS and GTPase assays. In most cases, these experiments are performed in transfected cell lines, expressing unnaturally high levels of target receptors and G-protein signalling components. In this study we investigated the specific properties of H₄ receptor ligands in native cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Histamine and five different H₄ receptor agonists - 4-methylhistamine, UR-PI376, clobenpropit, VUF8430 and ST-1006 - were characterized in freshly isolated human monocytes. The ligands (10 nM-10 μM) were tested as inhibitors of IL-12p70 secretion from human monocytes and the effects of the H₂ receptor antagonist ranitidine and the H₄ receptor antagonist JNJ7777120 on their action was investigated. KEY RESULTS Histamine and all the tested agonists reduced IL-12p70 secretion into monocyte supernatants by 40-70%. The potencies varied with pEC50 values ranging from 5.7 to 6.9, depending on the agonist used. All potencies were lower than those determined in the original investigations of the compounds. Pretreatment of monocytes with H₂ or H₄ receptor antagonists showed that some H₄ receptor ligands also had low activity at the H₂ receptor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study demonstrates discrepancies between the potencies obtained from assays in transfected cell lines and assays in native human cells, indicating the importance of evaluating H₄ receptor ligands in native cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gschwandtner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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21
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Wittmann HJ, Seifert R, Strasser A. Mathematical analysis of the sodium sensitivity of the human histamine H3 receptor. In Silico Pharmacol 2014; 2:1. [PMID: 27502620 PMCID: PMC4644138 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-014-0001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It was shown by several experimental studies that some G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are sensitive to sodium ions. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies or the determination of crystal structures of the adenosine A2A or δ-opioid receptor revealed an allosteric Na+ binding pocket near to the highly conserved Asp2.50. Within a previous study, the influence of NaCl concentration onto the steady-state GTPase activity at the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) in presence of the endogenous histamine or the inverse agonist thioperamide was analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to examine and quantify the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R on a molecular level. Methods To achieve this, we developed a set of equations, describing constitutive activity and the different ligand-receptor equilibria in absence or presence of sodium ions. Furthermore, in order to gain a better understanding of the ligand- and Na+-binding to hH3R on molecular level, we performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Results The analysis of the previously determined experimental steady-state GTPase data with the set of equations presented within this study, reveals that thioperamide binds into the orthosteric binding pocket of the hH3R in absence or presence of a Na+ in its allosteric binding site. However, the data suggest that thioperamide binds preferentially into the hH3R in absence of a sodium ion in its allosteric site. These experimental results were supported by MD simulations of thioperamide in the binding pocket of the inactive hH3R. Furthermore, the MD simulations revealed two different binding modes for thioperamide in presence or absence of a Na+ in its allosteric site. Conclusion The mathematical model presented within this study describes the experimental data regarding the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R in an excellent manner. Although the present study is focused onto the Na+-sensitivity of the hH3R, the resulting equations, describing Na+- and ligand-binding to a GPCR, can be used for all other ion-sensitive GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany.
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Darras FH, Pockes S, Huang G, Wehle S, Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Nimczick M, Sotriffer CA, Decker M. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational studies of Tri- and tetracyclic nitrogen-bridgehead compounds as potent dual-acting AChE inhibitors and hH3 receptor antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:225-42. [PMID: 24422467 DOI: 10.1021/cn4002126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of AChE inhibiting and histamine H3 receptor antagonizing properties in a single molecule might show synergistic effects to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease, since both pharmacological actions are able to enhance cholinergic neurotransmission in the cortex. However, whereas AChE inhibitors prevent hydrolysis of acetylcholine also peripherally, histamine H3 antagonists will raise acetylcholine levels mostly in the brain due to predominant occurrence of the receptor in the central nervous system. In this work, we designed and synthesized two novel classes of tri- and tetracyclic nitrogen-bridgehead compounds acting as dual AChE inhibitors and histamine H3 antagonists by combining the nitrogen-bridgehead moiety of novel AChE inhibitors with a second N-basic fragment based on the piperidinylpropoxy pharmacophore with different spacer lengths. Intensive structure-activity relationships (SARs) with regard to both biological targets led to compound 41 which showed balanced affinities as hAChE inhibitor with IC50 = 33.9 nM, and hH3R antagonism with Ki = 76.2 nM with greater than 200-fold selectivity over the other histamine receptor subtypes. Molecular docking studies were performed to explain the potent AChE inhibition of the target compounds and molecular dynamics studies to explain high affinity at the hH3R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guozheng Huang
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wehle
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Nimczick
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Sotriffer
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für
Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Geyer R, Igel P, Kaske M, Elz S, Buschauer A. Synthesis, SAR and selectivity of 2-acyl- and 2-cyano-1-hetarylalkyl-guanidines at the four histamine receptor subtypes: a bioisosteric approach. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00245d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rauf MK, Imtiaz-ud-Din, Badshah A. Novel approaches to screening guanidine derivatives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 9:39-53. [PMID: 24261559 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.857308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compounds containing guanidine moiety, originating both from natural and synthetic sources, have found potential applications in both synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Indeed, guanidine functionality can be found in many natural and pharmaceutical products as well as in cosmetic ingredients produced by synthetic methods. AREAS COVERED This review covers the latest developments in the research undertaken for the therapeutic application of newly synthesized guanidine derivatives including: small peptides and peptidomimetics. This article encompasses the selected literature published in the last three decades with a focus on the novel approaches for screening of lead drug candidates with their pharmacological action. EXPERT OPINION Guanidines, as they are both organically based and also hydrophilic in nature, have undergone a mammoth amount of screening and testing to discover promising lead structures with a CN3 core, appropriate for potential future drug development. The compounds have the potential to be neurodegenerative therapeutic options, as well as: anti-inflammatory, anti-protozoal, anti-HIV, chemotherapeutic, anti-diabetic agents and so on. It is true that guanidine-based compounds of natural sources also, like synthetic and virtually designed drugs, have been of significant interest and have the potential to be useful therapeutic options in the future. As for now, however, there is not sufficient data to support their use in a number of the suggested areas, and further studies are required.
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25
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Geyer R, Kaske M, Baumeister P, Buschauer A. Synthesis and functional characterization of imbutamine analogs as histamine H3 and H4 receptor ligands. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 347:77-88. [PMID: 24493592 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Imbutamine (4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butanamine) is a potent histamine H3 (H3R) and H4 receptor (H4R) agonist (EC50 values: 3 and 66 nM, respectively). Aiming at improved selectivity for the H4R, the imidazole ring in imbutamine was methyl-substituted or replaced by various differently substituted heterocycles (1,2,3-triazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines) as potential bioisosteres. Investigations in [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays using membranes of Sf9 insect cells expressing the respective human histamine receptor subtype revealed only very weak activity of most of the synthesized hetarylalkylamines at both receptors. By contrast, the introduction of substituents at the 4-imidazolyl ring was most effective regarding H4R selectivity. This holds for methyl substitution in position 2 and, especially, in position 5. 5-Methylimbutamine (H4R: EC50 = 59 nM, α = 0.8) was equipotent with imbutamine at the hH4R, but revealed about 16-fold selectivity for the hH4R compared to the hH3R (EC50 980 nM, α = 0.36), whereas imbutamine preferred the hH3R. The functional activities were in agreement with radioligand binding data. The results support the hypothesis that, by analogy with histamine, methyl substitution in histamine homologs offers a way to shift the selectivity in favor of the H4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Xie L, Wu Y, Yi W, Zhu L, Xiang J, He W. Gold-Catalyzed Hydration of Haloalkynes to α-Halomethyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9190-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401437w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longyong Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yundong Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Yi
- Hunan Chemical Industry Vocation Technology Institute, Qingshi Road, Zhuzhou 412004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Xiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin He
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Nordemann U, Wifling D, Schnell D, Bernhardt G, Stark H, Seifert R, Buschauer A. Luciferase reporter gene assay on human, murine and rat histamine H4 receptor orthologs: correlations and discrepancies between distal and proximal readouts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73961. [PMID: 24023919 PMCID: PMC3759464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the (patho)physiological role of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R) and its validation as a possible drug target in translational animal models are compromised by distinct species-dependent discrepancies regarding potencies and receptor subtype selectivities of the pharmacological tools. Such differences were extremely pronounced in case of proximal readouts, e. g. [(32)P]GTPase or [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays. To improve the predictability of in vitro investigations, the aim of this study was to establish a reporter gene assay for human, murine and rat H4Rs, using bioluminescence as a more distal readout. For this purpose a cAMP responsive element (CRE) controlled luciferase reporter gene assay was established in HEK293T cells, stably expressing the human (h), the mouse (m) or the rat (r) H4R. The potencies and efficacies of 23 selected ligands (agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists) were determined and compared with the results obtained from proximal readouts. The potencies of the examined ligands at the human H4R were consistent with reported data from [(32)P]GTPase or [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays, despite a tendency toward increased intrinsic efficacies of partial agonists. The differences in potencies of individual agonists at the three H4R orthologs were generally less pronounced compared to more proximal readouts. In conclusion, the established reporter gene assay is highly sensitive and reliable. Regarding discrepancies compared to data from functional assays such as [(32)P]GTPase and [(35)S]GTPγS binding, the readout may reflect multifactorial causes downstream from G-protein activation, e.g. activation/amplification of or cross-talk between different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Nordemann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Thimm D, Funke M, Meyer A, Müller CE. 6-Bromo-8-(4-[3H]methoxybenzamido)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic Acid: A Powerful Tool for Studying Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR35. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7084-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4009373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Thimm
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mario Funke
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Meyer
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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29
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Zhang L, Peng XM, Damu GLV, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:340-437. [PMID: 23740514 DOI: 10.1002/med.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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30
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Docking and MD study of histamine H4R based on the crystal structure of H1R. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 39:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Schultes S, Nijmeijer S, Engelhardt H, Kooistra AJ, Vischer HF, de Esch IJP, Haaksma EEJ, Leurs R, de Graaf C. Mapping histamine H4 receptor–ligand binding modes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20212c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Computational prediction of ligand binding modes in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remains a challenging task. Systematic consideration of different protein modelling templates, ligand binding poses, and ligand protonation states in extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies enabled the prediction of ligand-specific mutation effects in the histamine H4 receptor, a key player in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schultes
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Harald Engelhardt
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Albert J. Kooistra
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Henry F. Vischer
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Eric E. J. Haaksma
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Rob Leurs
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
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32
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Seifert R, Strasser A, Schneider EH, Neumann D, Dove S, Buschauer A. Molecular and cellular analysis of human histamine receptor subtypes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:33-58. [PMID: 23254267 PMCID: PMC3869951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human histamine receptors hH(1)R and hH(2)R constitute important drug targets, and hH(3)R and hH(4)R have substantial potential in this area. Considering the species-specificity of pharmacology of H(x)R orthologs, it is important to analyze hH(x)Rs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of hH(x)Rs endogenously expressed in human cells and hH(x)Rs recombinantly expressed in mammalian and insect cells. We present the advantages and disadvantages of the various systems. We also discuss problems associated with the use of hH(x)R antibodies, an issue of general relevance for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There is much greater overlap in activity of 'selective' ligands for other hH(x)Rs than the cognate receptor subtype than generally appreciated. Studies with native and recombinant systems support the concept of ligand-specific receptor conformations, encompassing agonists and antagonists. It is emerging that for characterization of hH(x)R ligands, one cannot rely on a single test system and a single parameter. Rather, multiple systems and parameters have to be studied. Although such studies are time-consuming and expensive, ultimately, they will increase drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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33
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Nijmeijer S, Vischer HF, Rosethorne EM, Charlton SJ, Leurs R. Analysis of Multiple Histamine H4 Receptor Compound Classes Uncovers Gαi Protein- and β-Arrestin2-Biased Ligands. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:1174-82. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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34
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Reher TM, Brunskole I, Neumann D, Seifert R. Evidence for ligand-specific conformations of the histamine H(2)-receptor in human eosinophils and neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1174-85. [PMID: 22922404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The histamine H(2)-receptor (H(2)R) couples to G(S)-proteins and induces adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP accumulation. In human neutrophils and eosinophils, the H(2)R reduces chemotactic peptide-stimulated superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) formation. However, pharmacological characterization of the H(2)R in these cells is far from being complete. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive profiling of the H(2)R in neutrophils and eosinophils. Histamine inhibited O(2)(-) formation in human neutrophils more effectively than in eosinophils. H(2)R agonists mimicked the effects of histamine and H(2)R antagonists blocked the effects of histamine. We noticed multiple discrepancies in the potencies and efficacies of H(2)R agonists with respect to cAMP accumulation and inhibition of O(2)(-) formation in both cell types. There were also differences in the antagonist profiles between cAMP accumulation and inhibition of O(2)(-) formation in neutrophils. Moreover, the pharmacological profile of the recombinant H(2)R did not match the H(2)R profile in native cells. The H(2)R sequence identified in human neutrophils corresponds to the published H(2)R sequence, excluding the exclusive expression of a new H(2)R isoform as explanation for the differences. Very likely, the differences between ligands are explained by the existence of ligand-specific receptor conformations with unique affinities, potencies and efficacies. Thus, our data provide evidence for the notion that the concept of ligand-specific receptor conformations can be extended from recombinant systems to native cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till M Reher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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35
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Khalaf AI, Bourdin C, Breen D, Donoghue G, Scott FJ, Suckling CJ, Macmillan D, Clements C, Fox K, Sekibo DAT. Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of minor groove binders: the role of non-cationic tail groups. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 56:39-47. [PMID: 22948178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new class of minor groove binder (MGBs) in which, the cationic tail group has been replaced by a neutral, polar variant including cyanoguanidine, nitroalkene, and trifluoroacetamide groups. Antibacterial activity (against Gram positive bacteria) was found for both the nitroalkene and trifluoroacetamide groups. For the case of the nitroalkene tail group, strong binding of a minor groove binder containing this tail group was demonstrated by both DNA footprinting and melting temperature measurements, showing a correlation between DNA binding and antibacterial activity. The compounds have also been evaluated for binding to the hERG ion channel to determine whether non-cationic but polar substituents might have an advantage compared with conventional cationic tail groups in avoiding hERG binding. In this series of compounds, it was found that whilst non-cationic compounds generally had lower affinity to the hERG ion channel, all of the compounds studied bound weakly to the hERG ion channel, probably associated with the hydrophobic head groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedawn I Khalaf
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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36
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Reher TM, Neumann D, Buschauer A, Seifert R. Incomplete activation of human eosinophils via the histamine H4-receptor: Evidence for ligand-specific receptor conformations. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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37
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Kiss R, Keserű GM. Histamine H4 receptor ligands and their potential therapeutic applications: an update. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:205-21. [PMID: 22385042 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.665447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies underlined the critical role of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) in inflammation, thus H4 modulators have been suggested as promising drug candidates in inflammatory diseases. First H4 ligands typically have indole or amino-pyrimidine scaffolds. During the last few years, however, serious efforts have been made to identify novel H4 chemotypes with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. AREAS COVERED Areas covered in this review include an overview on H4 ligands published in scientific papers, as well as in patent applications between 2009 and 2011. Recently discovered scaffolds possessing significant H4 activity were analyzed and their therapeutic potential was reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Recent results from the scientific literature and novel patent applications reinforce the major role of H4R in inflammatory diseases such as pruritus, asthma, inflammatory pain and allergic rhinitis. Novel studies suggest further indications of H4 modulators in cancer, neuropathic pain, vestibular disorders and type 2 diabetes. The number of active H4 chemotypes was increased significantly. The first H4 antagonist entered to clinics and the results from a proof-of-concept Phase II clinical study is expected to be disclosed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kiss
- mcule.com Ltd., Vendel u. 15-17, H-1096, Budapest, Hungary
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38
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Geyer R, Buschauer A. Synthesis and histamine H(3) and H(4) receptor activity of conformationally restricted cyanoguanidines related to UR-PI376. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:775-85. [PMID: 21987304 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified highly potent agonists of the human histamine H(4) receptor (hH(4) R) among a series of imidazolylbutylcyanoguanidines. Aiming at improved selectivity for the hH(4) R relative to the H(3) receptor (hH(3) R), the flexible tetramethylene linker connecting imidazole ring and cyanoguanidine group was replaced by conformationally restricted carbocycles. Introduction of a para- or a meta-phenylene spacer yielded only very weakly active compounds at both hH(3) R and hH(4) R (investigated in [(35) S]GTPγS binding assays using Sf9 insect cell membranes expressing hH(x) R subtypes). By contrast, the incorporation of a more flexible cyclohexane-1,4-diyl linker resulted in EC(50) or K(B) values ≥110 nM at hH(4) R and hH(3) R. Quality of action, potency and receptor subtype selectivity of the investigated compounds depend on the stereochemistry: Cis-configured diastereomers prefer the hH(4) R and are partial agonists, whereas trans-isomers are antagonists at the hH(4) R. At the hH(3) R the trans-diastereomers are superior to the cis-isomers by a factor of 10. The results on imidazolylcycloalkylcyanoguanidines suggest that variation of ring size and optimization of the stereochemistry may be useful to increase the potency and selectivity of hH(4) R agonists relative to the hH(3) R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M. Marson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H OAJ, United Kingdom
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40
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Pluym N, Brennauer A, Keller M, Ziemek R, Pop N, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A. Application of the Guanidine-Acylguanidine Bioisosteric Approach to Argininamide-Type NPY Y2 Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1727-38. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Liu J, Li Y, Zhang HX, Zhang SW, Yang L. Studies of H4R antagonists using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. J Mol Model 2011; 18:991-1001. [PMID: 21647664 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship studies were performed on a series of 88 histamine receptor 4 (H4R) antagonists in an attempt to elucidate the 3D structural features required for activity. Several in silico modeling approaches, including comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD), were carried out. The results show that both the ligand-based CoMFA model (Q (2) = 0.548, R (ncv) (2) = 0.870, R (pre) (2) = 0.879, SEE = 0.410, SEP = 0.386) and the CoMSIA model (Q (2) = 0.526, R (ncv) (2) =0.866, R (pre) (2) = 0.848, SEE = 0.416, SEP = 0.413) are acceptable, as they show good predictive capabilities. Furthermore, a combined analysis incorporating CoMFA, CoMSIA contour maps and MD results shows that (1) compounds with bulky or hydrophobic substituents at positions 4-6 in ring A (R2 substituent), positively charged or hydrogen-bonding (HB) donor groups in the R1 substituent, and hydrophilic or HB acceptor groups in ring C show enhanced biological activities, and (2) the key amino acids in the binding pocket are TRP67, LEU71, ASP94, TYR95, PHE263 and GLN266. To our best knowledge, this work is the first to report the 3D-QSAR modeling of these H4R antagonists. The conclusions of this work may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of antagonism and aid in the design of new, more potent H4R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China
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42
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Triamino pyrimidines and pyridines as histamine H4 receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3113-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Receptor-specific functional efficacies of alkyl imidazoles as dual histamine H3/H4 receptor ligands. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654:200-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Schnell D, Brunskole I, Ladova K, Schneider EH, Igel P, Dove S, Buschauer A, Seifert R. Expression and functional properties of canine, rat, and murine histamine H₄ receptors in Sf9 insect cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:457-70. [PMID: 21359967 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The histamine H₄ receptor (H₄R) is expressed on cells of the immune system including eosinophils, dendritic cells, and T cells and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and pruritus. Analysis of the H₄R in these diseases depends on the use of animal models. However, there are substantial pharmacological differences between various H₄R species orthologs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pharmacological properties of canine, rat, and murine H₄R in comparison to human H₄R expressed in Sf9 insect cells. Only hH₄R and cH₄R exhibited a sufficiently high [³H]histamine affinity for radioligand binding studies. Generally, cH₄R exhibited lower ligand-affinities than hH₄R. Similarly, in high-affinity GTPase studies, ligands were more potent at hH₄R than at other H₄R species orthologs. Unlike the other H₄R species orthologs, hH₄R exhibited high agonist-independent (constitutive) activity. Most strikingly, the prototypical H₄R antagonist (1-[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine) (JNJ7777120) exhibited partial agonistic activity at cH₄R, rH₄R, and mH₄R, whereas at hH₄R, JNJ7777120 was a partial inverse agonist. H₄R agonists from the class of N ( G )-acylated imidazolylpropylguanidines and cyanoguanidines exhibited substantial differences in terms of affinity, potency, and efficacy among H₄R species orthologs, too. The species-dependent pharmacological profiles are not due to the highly variable amino acid sequence position 341. Finally, H₄R species orthologs differ from each other in terms of regulation by NaCl. Collectively, there are profound pharmacological differences between H₄R species orthologs. Most importantly, caution must be exerted when interpreting pharmacological effects of "the prototypical H₄R antagonist" JNJ7777120 as H₄R antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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45
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Wijtmans M, de Graaf C, de Kloe G, Istyastono EP, Smit J, Lim H, Boonnak R, Nijmeijer S, Smits RA, Jongejan A, Zuiderveld O, de Esch IJP, Leurs R. Triazole ligands reveal distinct molecular features that induce histamine H4 receptor affinity and subtly govern H4/H3 subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1693-703. [PMID: 21348462 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H(3) (H(3)R) and H(4) (H(4)R) receptors attract considerable interest from the medicinal chemistry community. Given their relatively high homology yet widely differing therapeutic promises, ligand selectivity for the two receptors is crucial. We interrogated H(4)R/H(3)R selectivities using ligands with a [1,2,3]triazole core. Cu(I)-assisted "click chemistry" was used to assemble diverse [1,2,3]triazole compounds (6a-w and 7a-f), many containing a peripheral imidazole group. The imidazole ring posed some problems in the click chemistry putatively due to Cu(II) coordination, but Boc protection of the imidazole and removal of oxygen from the reaction mixture provided effective strategies. Pharmacological studies revealed two monosubstituted imidazoles (6h,p) with <10 nM H(4)R affinities and >10-fold H(4)R/H(3)R selectivity. Both compounds possess a cycloalkylmethyl group and appear to target a lipophilic pocket in H(4)R with high steric precision. The use of the [1,2,3]triazole scaffold is further demonstrated by the notion that simple changes in spacer length or peripheral groups can reverse the selectivity toward H(3)R. Computational evidence is provided to account for two key selectivity switches and to pinpoint a lipophilic pocket as an important handle for H(4)R over H(3)R selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Wijtmans
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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46
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Seifert R, Schneider EH, Dove S, Brunskole I, Neumann D, Strasser A, Buschauer A. Paradoxical stimulatory effects of the "standard" histamine H4-receptor antagonist JNJ7777120: the H4 receptor joins the club of 7 transmembrane domain receptors exhibiting functional selectivity. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 79:631-8. [PMID: 21266488 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) is expressed in several cell types of the immune system and is assumed to play an important pro-inflammatory role in various diseases, including bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and pruritus. Accordingly, H(4)R antagonists have been suggested to provide valuable drugs for the treatment of these diseases. Over the past decade, the indole derivative 1-[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine (JNJ7777120) has become the "standard" H(4)R antagonist and has been extensively used to assess the pathophysiological role of the H(4)R. However, the situation has now become more complicated by recent data (p. 749 and Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol doi: 10.1007/s00210-011-0612-3) showing that JNJ7777120 can also activate β-arrestin in a supposedly G(i)-protein-independent (pertussis toxin-insensitive) manner and that at certain H(4)R species orthologs, JNJ7777120 exhibits partial agonist efficacy with respect to G(i)-protein activation (steady-state high-affinity GTPase activity). These novel findings can be explained within the concept of functional selectivity or biased signaling, assuming unique ligand-specific receptor conformations with distinct signal transduction capabilities. Thus, great caution must be exerted when interpreting in vivo effects of JNJ7777120 as H(4)R antagonism. We discuss future directions to get out of the current dilemma in which there is no "standard" H(4)R antagonist available to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Igel P, Dove S, Buschauer A. Histamine H4 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7191-9. [PMID: 21044842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 10 years ago the histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) has attracted attention as a potential drug target, for instance, for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. Potent and selective ligands including agonists are required as pharmacological tools to study the role of the H(4)R in vitro and in vivo. Many H(4)R agonists, which were identified among already known histamine receptor ligands, show only low or insufficient H(4)R selectivity. In addition, the investigation of numerous H(4)R agonists in animal models is hampered by species-dependent discrepancies regarding potencies and histamine receptor selectivities of the available compounds, especially when comparing human and rodent receptors. This article gives an overview about structures, potencies, and selectivities of various compounds showing H(4)R agonistic activity and summarizes the structure-activity relationships of selected compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Igel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Weiss S, Keller M, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A, König B. NG-Acyl-argininamides as NPY Y1 receptor antagonists: Influence of structurally diverse acyl substituents on stability and affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6292-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sf9 cells: a versatile model system to investigate the pharmacological properties of G protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:387-418. [PMID: 20705094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Sf9 cell/baculovirus expression system is widely used for high-level protein expression, often with the purpose of purification. However, proteins may also be functionally expressed in the defined Sf9 cell environment. According to the literature, the pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) functionally reconstituted in Sf9 cells is similar to the receptor properties in mammalian cells. Sf9 cells express both recombinant GPCRs and G-proteins at much higher levels than mammalian cells. Sf9 cells can be grown in suspension culture, providing an inexpensive way of obtaining large protein amounts. Co-infection with various baculoviruses allows free combination of GPCRs with different G-proteins. The absence of constitutively active receptors in Sf9 cells provides an excellent signal-to background ratio in functional assays, allowing the detection of agonist-independent receptor activity and of small ligand-induced signals including partial agonistic and inverse agonistic effects. Insect cell Gα(i)-like proteins mostly do not couple productively to mammalian GPCRs. Thus, unlike in mammalian cells, Sf9 cells do not require pertussis toxin treatment to obtain a Gα(i)-free environment. Co-expression of GPCRs with Gα(i1), Gα(i2), Gα(i3) or Gα(o) in Sf9 cells allows the generation of a selectivity profile for these Gα(i/o)-isoforms. Additionally, GPCR-G-protein combinations can be compared with defined 1:1 stoichiometry by expressing GPCR-Gα fusion proteins. Sf9 cells can also be employed for ligand screening in medicinal chemistry programs, using radioligand binding assays or functional assays, like the steady-state GTPase- or [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. This review shows that Sf9 cells are a versatile model system to investigate the pharmacological properties of GPCRs.
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Comparison of the pharmacological properties of human and rat histamine H(3)-receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1437-49. [PMID: 20688049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ligand pharmacology of histamine H(3)-receptors is species-dependent. In previous studies, two amino acids in transmembrane domain 3 (TM III) were shown to play a significant role. In this study, we characterized human and rat histamine H(3)-receptors (hH(3)R and rH(3)R, respectively), co-expressed with mammalian G proteins in Sf9 insect cell membranes. We compared a series of imidazole-containing H(3)R ligands in radioligand binding and steady-state GTPase assays. H(3)Rs similarly coupled to Gα(i/o)-proteins. Affinities and potencies of the agonists histamine, N(α)-methylhistamine and R-(α)-methylhistamine were in the same range. Imetit was only a partial agonist. The pharmacology of imetit and proxifan was similar at both species. However, impentamine was more potent and efficacious at rH(3)R. The inverse agonists ciproxifan and thioperamide showed higher potency but lower efficacy at rH(3)R. Clobenpropit was not species-selective. Strikingly, imoproxifan was almost full agonist at hH(3)R, but an inverse agonist at rH(3)R. Imoproxifan was docked into the binding pocket of inactive and active hH(3)R- and rH(3)R-models and molecular dynamic simulations were performed. Imoproxifan bound to hH(3)R and rH(3)R in E-configuration, which represents the trans-isomer of the oxime-moiety as determined in crystallization studies, and stabilized active hH(3)R-, but inactive rH(3)R-conformations. Large differences in electrostatic surfaces between TM III and TM V cause differential orientation of the oxime-moiety of imoproxifan, which then differently interacts with the rotamer toggle switch Trp(6.48) in TM VI. Collectively, the substantial species differences at H(3)Rs are explained at a molecular level by the use of novel H(3)R active-state models.
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