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Li H, Xiao Z, Quarles LD, Li W. Osteoporosis: Mechanism, Molecular Target and Current Status on Drug Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1489-1507. [PMID: 32223730 PMCID: PMC7665836 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200330142432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CDATA[Osteoporosis is a pathological loss of bone mass due to an imbalance in bone remodeling where osteoclast-mediated bone resorption exceeds osteoblast-mediated bone formation resulting in skeletal fragility and fractures. Anti-resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates and SERMs, and anabolic drugs that stimulate bone formation, including PTH analogues and sclerostin inhibitors, are current treatments for osteoporosis. Despite their efficacy, severe side effects and loss of potency may limit the long term usage of a single drug. Sequential and combinational use of current drugs, such as switching from an anabolic to an anti-resorptive agent, may provide an alternative approach. Moreover, there are novel drugs being developed against emerging new targets such as Cathepsin K and 17β-HSD2 that may have less side effects. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis, current drugs for osteoporosis treatment, and new drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - L. Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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2
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Fotopoulos I, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Hybrids of Coumarin Derivatives as Potent and Multifunctional Bioactive Agents: A Review. Med Chem 2020; 16:272-306. [PMID: 31038071 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190416121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coumarins exhibit a plethora of biological activities, e.g. antiinflammatory and anti-tumor. Molecular hybridization technique has been implemented in the design of novel coumarin hybrids with several bioactive groups in order to obtain molecules with better pharmacological activity and improved pharmacokinetic profile. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we tried to gather as many as possible biologically active coumarin hybrids referred in the literature till now, to delineate the structural characteristics in relation to the activities and to have a survey that might help the medicinal chemists to design new coumarin hybrids with drug-likeness and varied bioactivities. RESULTS The biological activities of the hybrids in most of the cases were found to be different from the biological activities presented by the parent coumarins. The results showed that the hybrid molecules are more potent compared to the standard drugs used in the evaluation experiments. CONCLUSION Conjugation of coumarin with varied pharmacophore groups/druglike molecules responsible for different biological activities led to many novel hybrid molecules, with a multitarget behavior and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fotopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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3
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Zhou S, Huang G, Chen G. Synthesis and biological activities of drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 197:112313. [PMID: 32335412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an asymptomatic progressive disease. With the improvement of people's living standard and the aging of population, osteoporosis and its fracture have become one of the main diseases threatening the aging society. The serious medical and social burden caused by this has aroused wide public concern. Osteoporosis is listed as one of the three major diseases of the elderly. At present, the drugs for osteoporosis include bone resorption inhibitors and bone formation promoters. The purpose of these anti-osteoporosis drugs is to balance osteoblast bone formation and osteoclast bone resorption. With the development of anti-osteoporosis drugs, new anti osteoporosis drugs have been designed and synthesized. There are many kinds of new compounds with anti osteoporosis activity, but most of them are concentrated on the original drugs with anti osteoporosis activity, or the natural products with anti-osteoporosis activity are extracted from the natural products for structural modification to obtain the corresponding derivatives or analogues. These target compounds showed good ALP activity in vitro and in vivo, promoted osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, or had anti TRAP activity, inhibited osteoclast absorption. This work attempts to systematically review the studies on the synthesis and bioactivity of anti-osteoporosis drugs in the past 10 years. The structure-activity relationship was discussed, which provided a reasonable idea for the design and development of new anti-osteoporosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
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Abstract
The 11 existing FDA-approved osteoporosis drug treatments include hormone replacement therapy, 2 SERMs (raloxifene and bazedoxifene), 5 inhibitors of bone-resorbing osteoclasts (4 bisphosphonates and anti-RANKL denosumab), 2 parathyroid hormone analogues (teriparatide and abaloparatide), and 1 WNT signaling enhancer (romosozumab). These therapies are effective and provide multiple options for patients and physicians. As the genomic revolution continues, potential novel targets for future drug development are identified. This review takes a wide perspective to describe potentially rewarding topics to explore, including knowledge of genes and pathways involved in bone cell metabolism, the utility of animal models, targeting drugs to bone, and ongoing advances in drug design and delivery.
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Zhao C, Huang D, Li R, Xu Y, Su S, Gu Q, Xu J. Identifying Novel Anti-Osteoporosis Leads with a Chemotype-Assembly Approach. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5885-5900. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dane Huang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Ruyue Li
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shimin Su
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China
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Zhao C, Huang D, Li R, Xu J, Gu Q, Xu J. Discovery of new inhibitors against both NF-κB and osteoclastogenesis from in-house library with α, β-unsaturated-enone fragment. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:638-646. [PMID: 30947099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The α,β-unsaturated-enone contained natural products have been reported showing NF-κB inhibition effect. It is well known that NF-κB inhibitors can also be used to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. In a continual discovery new agents for anti-osteoclastogenesis, 8 different type compounds with α,β-unsaturated-enone fragments from our in-house library were evaluated for NF-κB inhibition and anti-osteoclastogenesis. Experimental results indicated five compounds exhibited inhibition of NF-κB signal pathway. Among them, one compound ((E)-2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, 6a) simultaneously inhibits both osteoclastogenesis and NF-κB signal pathway. Furthermore, 12 compounds with similar scaffold with 6a were tested for anti-osteoclastogenesis. As a result, 9 compounds inhibited both NF-κB and osteoclastogenesis. Among them, compound 6b is the most potent inhibitor against NF-κB (IC50 = 2.09 μM) and osteoclast differentiation (IC50 = 0.86 μM). Further studies show that compound 6b blocks the phosphorylation of both p65 and IκBα, and suppresses NF-κB targeted gene expression without interfering MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathways. This study demonstrates that we can identify promising synthesized compounds with new scaffolds as therapeutic solutions against osteoclastogenesis inspired by the privileged fragment derived from natural leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dane Huang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T. C. M., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyue Li
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T. C. M., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Molecular Laboratory, School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Zhu C, Lei H, Wang S, Duan Z, Fu R, Deng J, Fan D, Lv X. The effect of human-like collagen calcium complex on osteoporosis mice. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:630-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Suciu RM, Cognetta AB, Potter ZE, Cravatt BF. Selective Irreversible Inhibitors of the Wnt-Deacylating Enzyme NOTUM Developed by Activity-Based Protein Profiling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:563-568. [PMID: 29937983 PMCID: PMC6004566 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
Wnt
proteins are secreted morphogens that play critical roles in
embryonic development and tissue remodeling in adult organisms. Aberrant
Wnt signaling contributes to diseases such as cancer. Wnts are modified
by an unusual O-fatty acylation event (O-linked palmitoleoylation of a conserved serine) that is required
for binding to Frizzled receptors. O-Palmitoleoylation
of Wnts is introduced by the porcupine (PORCN) acyltransferase and
removed by the serine hydrolase NOTUM. PORCN inhibitors are under
development for oncology, while NOTUM inhibitors have potential for
treating degenerative diseases. Here, we describe the use of activity-based
protein profiling (ABPP) to discover and advance a class of N-hydroxyhydantoin (NHH) carbamates that potently and selectively
inhibit NOTUM. An optimized NHH carbamate inhibitor, ABC99, preserves
Wnt-mediated cell signaling in the presence of NOTUM and was also
converted into an ABPP probe for visualizing NOTUM in native biological
systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu M. Suciu
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Armand B. Cognetta
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zachary E. Potter
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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9
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Lu J, Wang M, Wang Z, Fu Z, Lu A, Zhang G. Advances in the discovery of cathepsin K inhibitors on bone resorption. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:890-904. [PMID: 29723068 PMCID: PMC6010086 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1465417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (Cat K), highly expressed in osteoclasts, is a cysteine protease member of the cathepsin lysosomal protease family and has been of increasing interest as a target of medicinal chemistry efforts for its role in bone matrix degradation. Inhibition of the Cat K enzyme reduces bone resorption and thus, has rendered the enzyme as an attractive target for anti-resorptive osteoporosis therapy. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to design and develop highly potent, excellently selective and orally applicable Cat K inhibitors. These inhibitors are derived from synthetic compounds or natural products, some of which have passed preclinical studies and are presently in clinical trials at different stages of advancement. In this review, we briefly summarised the historic development of Cat K inhibitors and discussed the relationship between structures of inhibitors and active sites in Cat K for the purpose of guiding future development of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Maolin Wang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhongqi Fu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Aiping Lu
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ge Zhang
- a Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China.,b Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
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10
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Awasthi H, Mani D, Singh D, Gupta A. The underlying pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:2024-2057. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshika Awasthi
- Herbal Medicinal Products Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants; Lucknow India
| | - Dayanandan Mani
- Herbal Medicinal Products Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants; Lucknow India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | - Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants; Lucknow India
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11
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Kumar P, Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Maurya SW, Dev K, Khedgikar V, Siddiqui IR, Trivedi R, Maurya R. Design and synthesis of dalbergin analogues and evaluation of anti-osteoporotic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1765-1775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Carlino L, Rastelli G. Dual Kinase-Bromodomain Inhibitors in Anticancer Drug Discovery: A Structural and Pharmacological Perspective. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9305-9320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carlino
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
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13
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Tarver JE, Pabba PK, Barbosa J, Han Q, Gardyan MW, Brommage R, Thompson AY, Schmidt JM, Wilson AG, He W, Lombardo VK, Carson KG. Stimulation of cortical bone formation with thienopyrimidine based inhibitors of Notum Pectinacetylesterase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1525-1528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Han Q, Pabba PK, Barbosa J, Mabon R, Healy JP, Gardyan MW, Terranova KM, Brommage R, Thompson AY, Schmidt JM, Wilson AG, Xu X, Tarver JE, Carson KG. 4H-Thieno[3,2-c]chromene based inhibitors of Notum Pectinacetylesterase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1184-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Goel A, Raghuvanshi A, Kumar A, Gautam A, Srivastava K, Kureel J, Singh D. 9-Demethoxy-medicarpin promotes peak bone mass achievement and has bone conserving effect in ovariectomized mice: Positively regulates osteoblast functions and suppresses osteoclastogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:155-66. [PMID: 25957087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a new bone anabolic and anti-catabolic pterocarpan 9-demethoxy-medicarpin (DMM) for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. DMM promoted osteoblast functions via activation of P38MAPK/BMP-2 pathway and suppressed osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells (BMCs). In calvarial osteoblasts, DMM blocked nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB) signaling and inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. DMM treatment led to increased OPG (osteoprotegrin) and decreased transcript levels of TRAP (tartarate resistant acid phosphatase), RANK (receptor activator of NFκB) and RANKL (RANK ligand) in osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures. Immature female SD rats administered with DMM exhibited increased bone mineral density, bone biomechanical strength, new bone formation and cortical bone parameters. Ovx mice administered with DMM led to significant restoration of trabecular microarchitecture and had reduced formation of osteoclasts and increased formation of osteoprogenitor cells in BMCs. DMM exhibited no uterine estrogenicity. Overall, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of DMM for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goel
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abnish Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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16
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Mills RD, Mita M, Nakagawa JI, Shoji M, Sutherland C, Walsh MP. A role for the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 in depolarization-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8677-92. [PMID: 25713079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Depolarization of the vascular smooth muscle cell membrane evokes a rapid (phasic) contractile response followed by a sustained (tonic) contraction. We showed previously that the sustained contraction involves genistein-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation upstream of the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROK) pathway leading to phosphorylation of MYPT1 (the myosin-targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP)) and myosin regulatory light chains (LC20). In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that membrane depolarization elicits activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2). Pyk2 was identified as the major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in response to membrane depolarization. The tonic phase of K(+)-induced contraction was inhibited by the Pyk2 inhibitor sodium salicylate, which abolished the sustained elevation of LC20 phosphorylation. Membrane depolarization induced autophosphorylation (activation) of Pyk2 with a time course that correlated with the sustained contractile response. The Pyk2/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF-431396 inhibited both phasic and tonic components of the contractile response to K(+), Pyk2 autophosphorylation, and LC20 phosphorylation but had no effect on the calyculin A (MLCP inhibitor)-induced contraction. Ionomycin, in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), elicited a slow, sustained contraction and Pyk2 autophosphorylation, which were blocked by pre-treatment with PF-431396. Furthermore, the Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine inhibited peak and sustained K(+)-induced force and Pyk2 autophosphorylation. Inhibition of Pyk2 abolished the K(+)-induced translocation of RhoA to the particulate fraction and the phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr-697 and Thr-855. We conclude that depolarization-induced entry of Ca(2+) activates Pyk2 upstream of the RhoA/ROK pathway, leading to MYPT1 phosphorylation and MLCP inhibition. The resulting sustained elevation of LC20 phosphorylation then accounts for the tonic contractile response to membrane depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Mills
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Mitsuo Mita
- the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nakagawa
- the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Masaru Shoji
- the Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Michael P Walsh
- From the Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
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Khan MF, Dev K, Lahiri S, Dixit M, Trivedi R, Singh D, Maurya R. Osteogenic activity of natural diterpenoids isolated from Cupressus sempervirens fruits in calvarial derived osteoblast cells via differentiation and mineralization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1794-1800. [PMID: 25481392 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiosteoporotic activity of four structurally related diterpenoids: sugiol (1), trans-communic acid (2), 15-acetoxy imbricatolic acid (3) and imbricatolic acid (4). Their osteogenic effect was evaluated by using validated models including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, mineralization assay and expression of osteogenic genes-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteoblast transcription factor (RUNX2) - in primary calvarial cultures harvested from neonatal mice. Among them, compound 1 at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight exhibited significant osteoprotective effects and did not show uterine estrogenicity at the same dose. Additionally, compound 1 treatment led to improved biomechanical properties as exhibited by increased power, energy and stiffness in femoral bones compared to untreated Ovx animals. Since osteoporotic compression fracture correlates with the mechanical characteristics of trabecular bone, so that it could effectively reduce the risk of this type of fracture by improving trabecular micro architecture in postmenopausal women. Therefore, our findings proposed that diterpenoids may be useful new chemical agents in the treatment of diseases associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shibani Lahiri
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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18
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Chen M, Qiao H, Su Z, Li H, Ping Q, Zong L. Emerging therapeutic targets for osteoporosis treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:817-31. [PMID: 24766518 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.912632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, osteoporosis still remains a major public health burden especially for the aging populations. Over the last few decades treatments for osteoporosis have largely focused on anti-resorptive agents represented by bisphosphonates and estrogen therapy that dominated the market. Unsatisfactory efficacy, non-specificity and long-term safety of current therapies necessitate the need for new targets effectively preventing and treating of osteoporosis. AREAS COVERED This review expatiates on the mechanism of osteoporosis occurrence and bone remodeling cycle in detail. New targets of antiresorptive and anabolic agents based on the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well as associated signaling pathways are outlined. EXPERT OPINION Advanced understanding in the fields of bone remodeling, functions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes associated with osteoporosis occurrence offers the emerging bone-resorptive or bone-formative targets. Currently, molecules involving RANK-RANKL-OPG system and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway act as the most promising targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Lab of State Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutics , Nanjing 210009 , PR China +86 25 83271092; +86 25 83271317 ; +86 25 83271092; +86 25 83271317 ; ;
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19
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Sashidhara KV, Modukuri RK, Choudhary D, Bhaskara Rao K, Kumar M, Khedgikar V, Trivedi R. Synthesis and evaluation of new coumarin–pyridine hybrids with promising anti-osteoporotic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:802-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Mittal M, Chattopadyay N. Newer anabolic therapies in osteopororsis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:S279-S281. [PMID: 23565399 PMCID: PMC3603047 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.104087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the top 10 global diseases of 21 st century. The altered bone turnover rate has been attributed to impaired activity of osteoblasts and over-activity of osteoclasts. Anti-resorptive and bone forming therapies are the two choices available for the treatment of osteoporosis. In the mini-review, we will discuss the experimental therapeutics of emerging osteoanabolic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR–Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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21
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Bhattacharya SK, Aspnes GE, Bagley SW, Boehm M, Brosius AD, Buckbinder L, Chang JS, Dibrino J, Eng H, Frederick KS, Griffith DA, Griffor MC, Guimarães CRW, Guzman-Perez A, Han S, Kalgutkar AS, Klug-McLeod J, Garcia-Irizarry C, Li J, Lippa B, Price DA, Southers JA, Walker DP, Wei L, Xiao J, Zawistoski MP, Zhao X. Identification of novel series of pyrazole and indole-urea based DFG-out PYK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7523-9. [PMID: 23153798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous drug discovery efforts identified classical PYK2 kinase inhibitors such as 2 and 3 that possess selectivity for PYK2 over its intra-family isoform FAK. Efforts to identify more kinome-selective chemical matter that stabilize a DFG-out conformation of the enzyme are described herein. Two sub-series of PYK2 inhibitors, an indole carboxamide-urea and a pyrazole-urea have been identified and found to have different binding interactions with the hinge region of PYK2. These leads proved to be more selective than the original classical inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit K Bhattacharya
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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22
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Miyata J, Kasahara C, Asano T, Ito S, Seki N, Kato Y, Morikawa N, Nozaki K, Nishimura K, Akamatsu H, Taguchi Y, Yamaguchi T, Abe Y, Ohkubo M, Watanabe T, Ohta M, Takeuchi M. Orally available pyridinylpyrimidine derivatives as novel RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5681-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Pasquini S, Mugnaini C, Ligresti A, Tafi A, Brogi S, Falciani C, Pedani V, Pesco N, Guida F, Luongo L, Varani K, Borea PA, Maione S, Di Marzo V, Corelli F. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of indol-3-ylacetamides, indol-3-yloxoacetamides, and indol-3-ylcarboxamides: potent and selective CB2 cannabinoid receptor inverse agonists. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5391-402. [PMID: 22548457 DOI: 10.1021/jm3003334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In our search for new cannabinoid receptor modulators, we describe herein the design and synthesis of three sets of indole-based ligands characterized by an acetamide, oxalylamide, or carboxamide chain, respectively. Most of the compounds showed affinity for CB2 receptors in the nanomolar range, with K(i) values spanning 3 orders of magnitude (377-0.37 nM), and moderate to good selectivity over CB1 receptors. Their in vitro functional activity as inverse agonists was confirmed in vivo in the formalin test of acute peripheral and inflammatory pain in mice, in which compounds 10a and 11e proved to be able to reverse the effect of the CB2 selective agonist COR167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pasquini
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
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24
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Calcilytics: antagonists of the calcium-sensing receptor for the treatment of osteoporosis. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:535-47. [PMID: 21526895 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The only bone anabolic agents currently available on the market are based on the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Secretion of endogenous PTH is controlled by a calcium-sensing receptor at the surface of the parathyroid glands. Antagonists of this receptor (calcilytics) induce the release of the hormone. Provided the effect of the calcilytic is of short duration, a bone anabolic effect should also result. Although the first calcilytic series became known approximately 10 years ago, the number of different structural types is still small today. This article outlines the quest from hits to potent development candidates of all relevant calcilytic series currently known. Even after the front-runners unexpectedly failed in the clinic, the approach for an oral alternative to parenteral PTH remains highly attractive.
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25
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Pasquini S, De Rosa M, Pedani V, Mugnaini C, Guida F, Luongo L, De Chiaro M, Maione S, Dragoni S, Frosini M, Ligresti A, Di Marzo V, Corelli F. Investigations on the 4-Quinolone-3-carboxylic Acid Motif. 4. Identification of New Potent and Selective Ligands for the Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor with Diverse Substitution Patterns and Antihyperalgesic Effects in Mice. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5444-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200476p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pasquini
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria De Rosa
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Pedani
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Mugnaini
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine—Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine—Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria De Chiaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine—Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine—Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Dragoni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Federico Corelli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Rho JR, Hwang BS, Joung S, Byun MR, Hong JH, Lee HY. Phorbasones A and B, Sesterterpenoids Isolated from the Marine Sponge Phorbas sp. and Induction of Osteoblast Differentiation. Org Lett 2011; 13:884-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1029386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk, 573-701, Korea, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Buyng Su Hwang
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk, 573-701, Korea, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Seewon Joung
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk, 573-701, Korea, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk, 573-701, Korea, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk, 573-701, Korea, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk, 573-701, Korea, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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