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Tang L, Cheng CY, Sun X, Pedicone AJ, Mohamadzadeh M, Cheng SX. The Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Intestine: Evidence for Regulation of Colonic Absorption, Secretion, Motility, and Immunity. Front Physiol 2016; 7:245. [PMID: 27458380 PMCID: PMC4914593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different from other epithelia, the intestinal epithelium has the complex task of providing a barrier impeding the entry of toxins, food antigens, and microbes, while at the same time allowing for the transfer of nutrients, electrolytes, water, and microbial metabolites. These molecules/organisms are transported either transcellularly, crossing the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes, or paracellularly, passing through the space between enterocytes. Accordingly, the intestinal epithelium can affect energy metabolism, fluid balance, as well as immune response and tolerance. To help accomplish these complex tasks, the intestinal epithelium has evolved many sensing receptor mechanisms. Yet, their roles and functions are only now beginning to be elucidated. This article explores one such sensing receptor mechanism, carried out by the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In addition to its established function as a nutrient sensor, coordinating food digestion, nutrient absorption, and regulating energy metabolism, we present evidence for the emerging role of CaSR in the control of intestinal fluid homeostasis and immune balance. An additional role in the modulation of the enteric nerve activity and motility is also discussed. Clearly, CaSR has profound effects on many aspects of intestinal function. Nevertheless, more work is needed to fully understand all functions of CaSR in the intestine, including detailed mechanisms of action and specific pathways involved. Considering the essential roles CaSR plays in gastrointestinal physiology and immunology, research may lead to a translational opportunity for the development of novel therapies that are based on CaSR's unique property of using simple nutrients such as calcium, polyamines, and certain amino acids/oligopeptides as activators. It is possible that, through targeting of intestinal CaSR with a combination of specific nutrients, oral solutions that are both inexpensive and practical may be developed to help in conditioning the gut microenvironment and in maintaining digestive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieqi Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Y Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra J Pedicone
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Mucosal Immunology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sam X Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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Cheng SX. Calcium-sensing receptor: A new target for therapy of diarrhea. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2711-2724. [PMID: 26973410 PMCID: PMC4777994 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of acute diarrhea remains a global challenge, particularly in resource-limiting countries. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), a passive rehydrating therapy developed approximately 40 years ago, remains the mainstay treatment. Although ORS is effective for hydration, since it does not inhibit enterotoxin-mediated excessive secretion, reduced absorption and compromised barrier function - the primary mechanisms of diarrhea, ORS does not offer a rapid relief of diarrhea symptom. There are a few alternative therapies available, yet the use of these drugs is limited by their expense, lack of availability and/or safety concerns. Novel anti-diarrheal therapeutic approaches, particularly those simple affordable therapies, are needed. This article explores intestinal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a newly uncovered target for therapy of diarrhea. Unlike others, targeting this host antidiarrheal receptor system appears “all-inclusive”: it is anti-secretory, pro-absorptive, anti-motility, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, activating CaSR reverses changes of both secretory and inflammatory diarrheas. Considering its unique property of using simple nutrients such as calcium, polyamines, and certain amino acids/oligopeptides as activators, it is possible that through targeting of CaSR with a combination of specific nutrients, novel oral rehydrating solutions that are inexpensive and practical to use in all countries may be developed.
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Sen A, Sahu D, Ganguly B. In silico studies toward understanding the interactions of DNA base pairs with protonated linear/cyclic diamines. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9840-50. [PMID: 23909683 DOI: 10.1021/jp402847u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protonated amino groups are ubiquitous in nature and important in the fields of chemistry and biology. In search of efficient polyamine analogues, we have performed DFT calculations on the interactions of some simple cyclic and constrained protonated diamines with the DNA base pairs and compared the results with those obtained for the corresponding interactions involving linear diamines, which mimic biogenic polyamines such as spermine. The interactions are mainly governed by the strong hydrogen bonding between the ligand and the DNA base pairs. The DFT calculations suggest that the major-groove N7 interaction (GC base pair) with linear diamine is energetically more favored than other possible interactions, as reported with spermine. The cyclic diamines exhibited better interactions with the N7 site of the AT and GC base pairs of DNA than the linear diamines. The net atomic charges calculated for the protonated amine hydrogens were higher for the cyclic systems than for the linear diamines, inducing better binding affinity with the DNA base pairs. The stable conformers of cyclic diamines were predicted using the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The positions of the protonated diamine groups in these cyclic systems are crucial for effective binding with the DNA base pairs. The DFT-calculated results show that diequatorial (ee) 1,2-cyclohexadiamine (CHDA) is a promising candidate as a polyamine analogue for biogenic polyamines. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using explicit water molecules for the interaction of representative ligands with the DNA base pairs to examine the influence of solvent molecules on such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Sen
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical Discipline & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
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Bisceglia JÁ, Díaz JE, Torres RA, Orelli LR. 1,n-Diamines. Part 3: Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-acyl-N′-arylhexahydropyrimidines and hexahydro-1,3-diazepines. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramírez MA, Corona MV, Ortiz G, Salerno A, Perillo IA, Blanco MM. New synthetic routes for N-substituted 1,n-diamines. II. Synthesis of selectively N-substituted tetra- and pentamethylenediamines from ω-alkanoic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Casero RA, Woster PM. Recent advances in the development of polyamine analogues as antitumor agents. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4551-73. [PMID: 19534534 DOI: 10.1021/jm900187v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Subhani MA, Müller KS, Eilbracht P. Chiral Polyamino AlcoholsviaHydroaminomethylation: A New Class of Polyamines for Dendritic Cores and Ligand Precursors. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsen C, Iltis M, Kaur N, Bayer C, Delcros JG, von Kalm L, Phanstiel O. A Drosophila Model To Identify Polyamine−Drug Conjugates That Target the Polyamine Transporter in an Intact Epithelium. J Med Chem 2007; 51:324-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701198s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Tsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368, and Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6061 Génétique et Développement, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr Leon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Mark Iltis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368, and Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6061 Génétique et Développement, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr Leon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368, and Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6061 Génétique et Développement, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr Leon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Cynthia Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368, and Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6061 Génétique et Développement, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr Leon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Jean-Guy Delcros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368, and Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6061 Génétique et Développement, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr Leon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Laurence von Kalm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368, and Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6061 Génétique et Développement, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr Leon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2368, and Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6061 Génétique et Développement, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr Leon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes Cédex, France
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Montañez R, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Aldana-Montes JF, Medina MA. Polyamines: metabolism to systems biology and beyond. Amino Acids 2007; 33:283-9. [PMID: 17514496 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines and the metabolic and physiopathological processes in which they are involved represent an active field of research that has been continuously growing since the seventies. In the last years, the trends in the focused areas of interest within this field since the 1970s have been confirmed. The impact of "-omics" in polyamine research remains too low in comparison with its deep impact on other biological research areas. These high-throughput approaches, along with systems biology and, in general, more systemic and holistic approaches should contribute to a renewal of this research area in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montañez
- Procel Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, and Ciberer, Málaga, Spain
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Peña C, Alfonso I, Tooth B, Voelcker NH, Gotor V. Synthesis and Stereoselective DNA Binding Abilities of New Optically Active Open-Chain Polyamines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1924-30. [PMID: 17291047 DOI: 10.1021/jo0619837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of new open-chain enantiopure polyamines bearing (R,R)- and/or (S,S)-trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine moieties is described. The key step for the synthetic procedure is the selective monoalkylation of the cyclohexanebis(sulfonamide) core, which allows the subsequent functionalization of this moiety. Compounds bearing different combinations of absolute configurations, length of the aliphatic spacers and terminal groups have been prepared. As a demonstration of the potential utility of the obtained compounds, the preliminary DNA binding abilities of some of them have been studied by UV-measurements of melting temperatures (Tm). The effects of the absolute configuration of the corresponding chiral centers and the length of the spacer separating the cyclohexanediamine moieties on the strength of the interaction with DNA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Peña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Medina MA, Correa-Fiz F, Rodríguez-Caso C, Sánchez-Jiménez F. A comprehensive view of polyamine and histamine metabolism to the light of new technologies. J Cell Mol Med 2006; 9:854-64. [PMID: 16364195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines and histamine are biogenic amines with multiple biological roles. In spite of the evidence for the involvement of both polyamines and histamine metabolism impairment in several highly prevalent pathological conditions, multiple questions concerning the molecular processes behind these effects remain to be elucidated. More comprehensive and systemic studies integrating molecular biology, biophysical and bioinformatics tools could contribute to accelerate the advances in this research area. This review is designed to underscore the main questions to be answered in polyamine and histamine research and how these new systemic approaches could help to find these answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Spain.
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Müller KS, Koç F, Ricken S, Eilbracht P. Synthesis of polyamines via hydroaminomethylation of alkenes with urea—a new, effective and versatile route to dendrons and dendritic core molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:826-35. [PMID: 16493465 DOI: 10.1039/b513348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines, structurally related to putrescines and spermidines, are easily obtainable via hydroaminomethylation of methylallylphthalimide with primary or secondary amines. In addition, hydroaminomethylation of monoolefins with urea as a synthetic equivalent for ammonia, in contrast to other methods (e.g. the alkylation of ammonia or ammonium salts), allows selective synthesis of symmetric tertiary amines. By combining both methods dendrons and dendrimer cores are conveniently obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Sven Müller
- Universität Dortmund, Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie I, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Peña C, Alfonso I, Voelcker NH, Gotor V. Solvent dependent selective alkylation of a bis(sulfonamide) for the synthesis of a DNA-binding chiral polyamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Koç F, Eilbracht P. Syntheses of new polyamine dendrimer units via a tandem hydroformylation/reductive amination sequences. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Luna A, Alfonso I, Gotor V. Biocatalytic approaches toward the synthesis of both enantiomers of trans-cyclopentane-1,2-diamine. Org Lett 2002; 4:3627-9. [PMID: 12375904 DOI: 10.1021/ol026574l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A lipase-catalyzed double monoaminolysis of dimethyl malonate by (+/-)-trans-cyclopentane-1,2-diamine allows the sequential resolution of the latter compound, affording an enantiopure bis(amidoester), which is subsequently transformed into an optically active polyamine. As an alternative, both enantiomers of the diamine can be obtained from enantiopure (+)- or (-)-2-aminocyclopentanol, prepared by enzymatic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071-Oviedo, Spain
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Orelli LR, Blanco MM, García MB, Hedrera ME, Perillo IA. A NEW SYNTHETIC APPROACH TON,N′-DISUBSTITUTED 1,n-ALKANEDIAMINES. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-100103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Eilbracht P, Kranemann CL, Bärfacker L. Synthesis of Heterofunctionalised Diamines and Triamines by Hydroaminomethylation of Diallyl Ethers, -silanes, or -amines. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199908)1999:8<1907::aid-ejoc1907>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE In this paper, the authors attempt to construct a mathematical model to correlate the biological activities of 63 polyamine transport inhibitors in L1210 cells with their physicochemical parameters. METHOD The inhibitory constants (Ki) were obtained from the published work of Bergeron et al. Non-weighted least square method was used in deriving the regression equations with a BMDP program. An AM1 subroutine of the HyperChem program was used to optimize the geometry and calculate the molecular dipole moments and the distance between two terminal amino groups. A CQSAR program was used to calculate Clog P (oct./w.). RESULTS A good correlation (r2 = 0.81) was obtained by using a five-parameter equation including the distance between two terminal amino groups (d), the number of cationic charge (Charge), molecular weight (MW), dipole moment (mu), and hydrogen bond forming ability (Hb). CONCLUSION This model accounts for 81% of the variance in the data and can be used to estimate transport-inhibitory activity of many other polyamine analogues. It gives some quantitative information about the relationship between the polyamine analogues' function as transport inhibitors and their molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Page P, Burrage S, Baldock L, Bradley M. The synthesis of symmetrical spermine conjugates using solid-phase chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1751-6. [PMID: 9873428 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The utility of spermine, selectively functionalised and immobilised on a solid support by means of the Wang "oxycarbonyl" linker is demonstrated by the solid-phase synthesis of a number of spermine conjugates including the natural product and potent antihypertensive agent kukoamine. The synthesis opens up the area of solid-phase spermine chemistry and library generation based on the symmetrical spermine scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, UK
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