1
|
Sharma G, Sharma CS. Tetrahydropyridine appended 8-aminoquinoline derivatives: Design, synthesis, in silico, and in vitro antimalarial studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107674. [PMID: 39059071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Antimalarial drug resistance is a major obstacle in the ongoing quest against malaria. The disease affects half of the world's population. The majority of them are toddlers and pregnant women. Needed a potent compound to act on drug-resistant Pf at appropriate concentrations without endangering the host. Envisaged solving this issue through rational drug design by creating a novel hybrid drug possessing two pharmacophores that can act on two marvellous and independent aims within the cell. Synthesized a new series of substituted 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (THP) 8-Aminoquinoline-based hybrid analogs which have been integrated with quinoline, chloroquine, pamaquine, and primaquine, which exhibited antimalarial activity against Pf. Out of thirteen 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-THP appended 8-Aminoquinoline derivatives, the compounds 1j, 1e, 1b, and 1l have exhibited good antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (RKL-9) strain with the minimum inhibitory concentration. Compound 1b was the most effective and showed consistently good potency against the drug-resistant (RKL-9) strain, although all other arrays showed good antimalarial efficacy. Additional docking and molecular dynamics studies were carried out at several targeting sites to quantify the structural parameters necessary for the activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India.
| | - C S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaidali AG, Lykakis IN. Simple Synthetic Approach to N-(Pyridin-2-yl)imidates from Nitrostyrenes and 2-Aminopyridines via the N-(Pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as Intermediates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083321. [PMID: 37110555 PMCID: PMC10147006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile, green, synthetic protocol of several substituted N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates from nitrostyrenes and 2-aminopyridines via the corresponding N-(pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as intermediates is reported. The reaction process involved the in situ formation of the corresponding α-iminontriles under heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysis in the presence of Al2O3. Subsequently, α-iminonitriles were selectively transformed into the desired N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates under ambient conditions and in the presence of Cs2CO3 in alcoholic media. Under these conditions, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediols also led to the corresponding mono-substituted imidates at room temperature. The present synthetic protocol was also developed on one mmol scale, providing access to this important scaffold. A preliminary synthetic application of the present N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates was carried out for their facile conversion into the N-heterocycles 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine in the presence of the corresponding ethylenediamine and 1,3-diaminopropane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriani G Chaidali
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou D, Gan L, Yang F, Wang H, Pu Y, Li J, Walsh PJ. SET activation of nitroarenes by 2-azaallyl anions as a straightforward access to 2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7060. [PMID: 34862375 PMCID: PMC8642414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nitroarenes as amino sources in synthesis is challenging. Herein is reported an unusual, straightforward, and transition metal-free method for the net [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of 2-azaallyl anions with nitroarenes. The products of this reaction are diverse 2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (>40 examples, up to 95% yield). This method does not require an external reductant to reduce nitroarenes, nor does it employ nitrosoarenes, which are often used in N-O cycloadditions. Instead, it is proposed that the 2-azaallyl anions, which behave as super electron donors (SEDs), deliver an electron to the nitroarene to generate a nitroarene radical anion. A downstream 2-azaallyl radical coupling with a newly formed nitrosoarene is followed by ring closure to afford the observed products. This proposed reaction pathway is supported by computational studies and experimental evidence. Overall, this method uses readily available materials, is green, and exhibits a broad scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, 310015 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lishe Gan
- grid.500400.10000 0001 2375 7370School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 529020 Jiangmen, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, 310015 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, 310015 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youge Pu
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, 310015, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi R, Gao L, Chen W, Shi Y, Cao Z, Zheng Y, Liu J. Formal [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 1,3,5‐Triazinanes with diethyl acetylene dicarboxylate: Approach to Tetrahydropyrimidines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education South-Central University of Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Limei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education South-Central University of Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Weiji Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education South-Central University of Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yangqing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education South-Central University of Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- Pharmacy College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Yongsheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education South-Central University of Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education South-Central University of Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan I, Ibrar A, Zaib S. Alkynoates as Versatile and Powerful Chemical Tools for the Rapid Assembly of Diverse Heterocycles under Transition-Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments and Challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:3. [PMID: 33398642 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles, heteroaromatics and spirocyclic entities are ubiquitous components of a wide plethora of synthetic drugs, biologically active natural products, marketed pharmaceuticals and agrochemical targets. Recognizing their high proportion in drugs and rich pharmacological potential, these invaluable structural motifs have garnered significant interest, thus enabling the development of efficient catalytic methodologies providing access to architecturally complex and diverse molecules with high atom-economy and low cost. These chemical processes not only allow the formation of diverse heterocycles but also utilize a range of flexible and easily accessible building units in a single operation to discover diversity-oriented synthetic approaches. Alkynoates are significantly important, diverse and powerful building blocks in organic chemistry due to their unique and inherent properties such as the electronic bias on carbon-carbon triple bonds posed by electron-withdrawing groups or the metallic coordination site provided by carbonyl groups. The present review highlights the comprehensive picture of the utility of alkynoates (2007-2019) for the synthesis of various heterocycles (> 50 types) using transition-metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe) in various forms. The valuable function of versatile alkynoates (bearing multifunctional groups) as simple and useful starting materials is explored, thus cyclizing with an array of coupling partners to deliver a broad range of oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing heterocycles alongside fused-, and spiro-heterocyclic compounds. In addition, these examples will also focus the scope and reaction limitations, as well as mechanistic investigations into the synthesis of these heterocycles. The biological significance will also be discussed, citing relevant examples of drug molecules highlighting each class of heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocycles using alkynoates as readily available starting materials under transition-metal catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wideman CE, Nguyen J, Jeffries SD, Winters BD. Fluctuating NMDA Receptor Subunit Levels in Perirhinal Cortex Relate to Their Dynamic Roles in Object Memory Destabilization and Reconsolidation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010067. [PMID: 33374645 PMCID: PMC7793502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reminder cues can destabilize consolidated memories, rendering them modifiable before they return to a stable state through the process of reconsolidation. Older and stronger memories resist this process and require the presentation of reminders along with salient novel information in order to destabilize. Previously, we demonstrated in rats that novelty-induced object memory destabilization requires acetylcholine (ACh) activity at M1 muscarinic receptors. Other research predominantly has focused on glutamate, which modulates fear memory destabilization and reconsolidation through GluN2B- and GluN2A-containing NMDARs, respectively. In the current study, we demonstrate the same dissociable roles of GluN2B- and N2A-containing NMDARs in perirhinal cortex (PRh) for object memory destabilization and reconsolidation when boundary conditions are absent. However, neither GluN2 receptor subtype was required for novelty-induced destabilization of remote, resistant memories. Furthermore, GluN2B and GluN2A subunit proteins were upregulated selectively in PRh 24 h after learning, but returned to baseline by 48 h, suggesting that NMDARs, unlike muscarinic receptors, have only a temporary role in object memory destabilization. Indeed, activation of M1 receptors in PRh at the time of reactivation effectively destabilized remote memories despite inhibition of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. These findings suggest that cholinergic activity at M1 receptors overrides boundary conditions to destabilize resistant memories when other established mechanisms are insufficient.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sapozhnikova T, Borisevich S, Kireeva D, Gabdrakhmanova S, Khisamutdinova R, Makara N, Gibadullina N, Khursan S, Zarudii F. Effects of novel hexahydropyrimidine derivatives as potential ligands of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor on cognitive function, hypoxia-induced lethality, and oxidative stress in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
8
|
Basirat N, Sajadikhah SS, Zare A. Multi-component synthesis of piperidines and dihydropyrrol-2-one derivatives catalyzed by a dual-functional ionic liquid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819883881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N,N,N’, N’-tetramethyl- N,N’-bis(sulfo)ethane-1,2-diaminium mesylate ([TMBSED][OMs]2) was employed for the synthesis of piperidines and dihydropyrrol-2-ones via one-pot multi-component reactions in simple and green processes. This pseudo five-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, anilines and alkyl acetoacetates was carried out under reflux conditions in ethanol to afford substituted piperidines. Also, dihydropyrrol-2-one derivatives were synthesized by means of four-component reactions of various amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and formaldehyde in ethanol at room temperature. The present approaches have several advantages such as good yields, easy work-ups, short reaction times, and utilize mild and clean reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Basirat
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdolkarim Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aravinda T, Vinay Kumar B, Raghu MS, Parusharam L, Rao S. Zirconia-Cu(I) stabilized copper oxide mesoporous nano-catalyst: Synthesis and DNA reactivity of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-quinolinepeptidomimetics-based metal(II) complexes. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 39:630-647. [PMID: 31578917 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1671591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary research reveals an undemanding protocol for the catalytic synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-quinolinepeptide in the incidence of a cost-effective and reusable mesoporous ZrO2-supported Cu2O (Cu2ZrO3) catalyst. This paper depicts a unique system for peptide bond synthesis staying away from toxic solvents and reactants. The catalyst was reused for four cycles without noteworthy loss in the activity, and the catalyst was genuinely heterogeneous. The method followed a simple workup procedure, and no column chromatography was needed. Further, the synthesized 1,2,4-oxadiazole-quinolinepeptide ligand (L), and its complexes of type, [FeLCl2] and [CuL]Cl2 were synthesized and characterized by spectral and analytical techniques. An octahedral geometry has been projected for Fe(II) complexes, while the Cu(II) complex exhibits a square planar geometry. The binding properties of the complexes with CT-DNA were studied by absorption spectral analysis, followed by viscosity measurement and thermal denaturation studies. The photo-induced cleavage studies revealed that the complexes possess photonuclease activity against pUC19 DNA under UV-visible irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Aravinda
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - B Vinay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - M S Raghu
- Department of Chemistry, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - L Parusharam
- Department of Chemistry, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - Srilatha Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alekszi-Kaszás A, Nemes P, Tóth G, Halász J, Scheiber P. Mannich condensations of activated cyclic enamines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1484488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alekszi-Kaszás
- Department of Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, NMR Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Halász
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Scheiber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Darehkordi A, Ramezani M, Rahmani F. TiO2
-Nanoparticles Catalyzed Synthesis of New Trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and Trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Darehkordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan; Rafsanjan 77176 Iran
| | - Mahin Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan; Rafsanjan 77176 Iran
| | - Fariba Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan; Rafsanjan 77176 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stiver ML, Cloke JM, Nightingale N, Rizos J, Messer WS, Winters BD. Linking muscarinic receptor activation to UPS-mediated object memory destabilization: Implications for long-term memory modification and storage. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:151-164. [PMID: 29030298 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Consolidated memories can become destabilized during reactivation, resulting in a transient state of instability, a process that has been hypothesized to underlie long-term memory updating. Consistent with this notion, relatively remote memories, which are resistant to standard destabilization procedures, are reliably destabilized when novel information (i.e., the opportunity for memory updating) is present during reactivation. We have also shown that cholinergic muscarinic receptor (mAChR) activation can similarly destabilize consolidated object memories. Synaptic protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has previously been linked to destabilization of fear and object-location memories. Given the role of calcium in regulating proteasome activity, we hypothesized that activation of cholinergic receptors, specifically M1 mAChRs, stimulates the UPS via inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated release of intracellular calcium stores to facilitate object memory destabilization. We present converging evidence for this hypothesis, which we tested using a modified spontaneous object recognition task for rats and microinfusions into perirhinal cortex (PRh), a brain region strongly implicated in object memory. We extend our previous findings by demonstrating that M1 mAChRs are necessary for novelty-induced object memory destabilization. We also show that proteasome inhibition or IP3R antagonism in PRh prevents object memory destabilization induced by novelty or M1 mAChR stimulation. These results establish an intracellular pathway linking M1 receptors, IP3Rs, and UPS activity to object memory destabilization and suggest a previously unacknowledged role for cholinergic signaling in long-term memory modification and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela L Stiver
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob M Cloke
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Nightingale
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Rizos
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William S Messer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MgFe2O4/cellulose/SO3H nanocomposite: a new biopolymer-based nanocatalyst for one-pot multicomponent syntheses of polysubstituted tetrahydropyridines and dihydropyrimidinones. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Ajeesh Kumar AK, Nair KB, Bodke YD, Sambasivam G, Bhat KG. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of the anticancer properties of a novel series of carboxamides, sulfonamides, ureas, and thioureas derived from 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl substituted with pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Nandeesh KN, Swarup HA, Sandhya NC, Mohan CD, Pavan Kumar CS, Kumara MN, Mantelingu K, Ananda S, Rangappa KS. Synthesis and antiproliferative efficiency of novel bis(imidazol-1-yl)vinyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of bis(imidazol)vinyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles were synthesised and their anti-proliferative efficiency was tested against HCT116 and A549 cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan A. Swarup
- Synthetic Laboratory
- DOS in Chemistry
- University of Mysore
- Mysuru-06
- India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sannaiah Ananda
- Synthetic Laboratory
- DOS in Chemistry
- University of Mysore
- Mysuru-06
- India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shen MH, Xu K, Sun CH, Xu HD. Stereoselective Construction of Bridged trans-aza-Bicyclo[7/6,3/2,1]alkenyl Imines through Ring Expansion aza-Cope Rearrangement. Org Lett 2015; 17:5598-601. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Chu-Han Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Hua-Dong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vincze Z, Pilipecz MV, Scheiber P, Varga TR, Tóth G, Nemes P. Simple route to multisubstituted tetrahydropyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Khalifa MM, Bodner MJ, Berglund JA, Haley MM. Synthesis of N-substituted aryl amidines by strong base activation of amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:4109-4111. [PMID: 26097266 PMCID: PMC4470429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe an efficient method for the direct preparation of N-substituted aryl amidines from nitriles and primary amines. The protocol employs activation of amines by a strong base and provides greater access to a pharmaceutically relevant functional group. This synthetic approach tolerates deactivated nitriles, nitriles with competing substitution sites, and aryl amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M. Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Micah J. Bodner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - J. Andrew Berglund
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sulphated silica tungstic acid as a highly efficient and recyclable solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidines and dihydropyrimidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
20
|
Abdel-Wahab BF, Mohamed HA, Khidre RE, El-Mansy MF. An Overview of the Literature on the Synthetic Routes to Azolyloxadiazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bakr F. Abdel-Wahab
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki 12622 Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Mohamed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki 12622 Egypt
| | - Rizk E. Khidre
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Gazan University; Gazan Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Industries Division; National Research Centre; Dokki 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. El-Mansy
- Department of Chemistry; Marquette University; P.O. Box 1881 Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201-1881
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khan AT, Khan MM, Das DK, Lal M. Silica-Supported Perchloric Acid (HClO4-SiO2): An Efficient Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abu T. Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039; India
| | - Md. Musawwer Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039; India
| | - Deb Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039; India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039; India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tolpygin IE. Chemosensor activity of 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-substituted imidazolidines and hexahydropyrimidines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428012010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
1,2,4-Oxadiazoles: a new class of anti-prostate cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1912-6. [PMID: 22326399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide and sulfonyl derivatives of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized and screened by MTT assay on the prostate cancer cells, DU-145. Six compounds were identified as potential anti-prostate cancer agents with IC(50) values ranging from 0.5 to 5.1μM. These compounds exhibited good activity on the androgen independent cells PC-3, while the results were moderate on androgen dependent LNCaP cells, suggesting the possibility of a mechanism of action different from that of the bioisosteric bicalutamide. Also a very low cytotoxicity was observed on non-cancerous cells MCF-10A.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ragozzino ME, Artis S, Singh A, Twose TM, Beck JE, Messer WS. The selective M1 muscarinic cholinergic agonist CDD-0102A enhances working memory and cognitive flexibility. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:588-94. [PMID: 22135384 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders are marked by alterations in brain cholinergic function and cognitive deficits. Efforts to alleviate such deficits have been limited by a lack of selective M(1) muscarinic agonists. 5-(3-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine hydrochloride (CDD-0102A) is a partial agonist at M(1) muscarinic receptors with limited activity at other muscarinic receptor subtypes. The present studies investigated the effects of CDD-0102A on working memory and strategy shifting in rats. CDD-0102A administered intraperitoneally 30 min before testing at 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg significantly enhanced delayed spontaneous alternation performance in a four-arm cross maze, suggesting improvement in working memory. In separate experiments, CDD-0102A had potent enhancing effects on learning and switching between a place and visual cue discrimination. Treatment with CDD-0102A did not affect acquisition of either a place or visual cue discrimination. In contrast, CDD-0102A at 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg significantly enhanced a shift between a place and visual cue discrimination. Analysis of the errors in the shift to the place or shift to the visual cue strategy revealed that in both cases CDD-0102A significantly increased the ability to initially inhibit a previously relevant strategy and maintain a new, relevant strategy once selected. In anesthetized rats, the minimum dose required to induce salivation was approximately 0.3 mg/kg i.p. Salivation increased with dose, and the estimated ED(50) was 2.0 mg/kg. The data suggest that CDD-0102A has unique memory and cognitive enhancing properties that might be useful in the treatment of neurological disorders at doses that do not produce adverse effects such as salivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Das B, Kanth BS, Shinde DB, Kamble VT. Efficient Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrimidines and Pyrrolidines by a Multicomponent Reaction of Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates (=Dialkyl But-2-ynedioates), Amines, and Formaldehyde in the Presence of Iodine as a Catalyst. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Chennakrishnareddy G, Debasis H, Jayan R, Manjunatha SG. Facile synthesis of 3-aryl/alkylamino 5-aryl/alkyl 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from acylthiourea. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Moghadam M, Tangestaninejad S, Mirkhani V, Eskandari Z. A green and selective synthesis of 2-aryloxazines and 2-aryltetrahydropyrimidines. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Kharchenko JV, Detistov OS, Orlov VD. Synthesis of substituted 5-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:216-9. [PMID: 19133738 DOI: 10.1021/cc800111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a liquid-phase route for combinatorial synthesis of novel substituted 5-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones. Biginelli-type three-component condensation of 1-(3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)acetones, thiourea, and benzaldehydes is shown to result in new 5-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione heterocyclic system. If salicylaldehydes are used in this reaction, a mixture of 5-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones and 11-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-2,6-methano-1,3,5-benzoxadiazocine-4-thiones is formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliya V Kharchenko
- Chemical Department, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svoboda Sq., Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kannan M, Manivel P, Sarathbabu M, Sathishkumar R, Surya Prakash Rao H, Krishna R. 3-Benzyl-6-benzylamino-1-methyl-5-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o515. [PMID: 21580289 PMCID: PMC2983565 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681000348x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C19H22N4O2, the tetrahydropyrimidine ring adopts an envelope conformation (with the N atom connected to the benzyl group representing the flap). This benzyl group occupies a quasi-axial position. The two benzyl groups lie over the tetrahydropyridimidine ring. The amino group is a hydrogen-bond donor to the nitro group.
Collapse
|
32
|
Nagy PI, Maheshwari A, Kim YW, Messer WS. Theoretical and experimental studies of the isomeric protonation in solution for a prototype aliphatic ring containing two nitrogens. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:349-60. [PMID: 19994881 PMCID: PMC2827250 DOI: 10.1021/jp9082085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations were carried out for studying the tautomeric protonation of N-methylpiperazine as a prototype six-member aliphatic ring containing a secondary and a tertiary nitrogen atom. The protonation was investigated in three solvents, water, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane. Calculations were performed up to the B3LYP/aug-cc-pvtz and QCISD(T)/CBS levels by applying the IEF-PCM polarizable continuum dielectric solvent model. Relative solvation free energies also were calculated upon explicit solvent models by utilizing the free-energy perturbation theory as implemented in Monte Carlo simulations. The relative free energy for the N-methylpiperazine tautomer protonated at the secondary (NMps) rather than at the tertiary (NMpt) nitrogen was calculated at a ratio of 47/53 in infinitely dilute aqueous solution. The ratio further decreased in lower-polarity solvents. In contrast, NMR experiments suggested that the protonation takes place primarily at the secondary nitrogen in 0.37 molar aqueous solution with NMps/NMpt = 80/20. The NMps tautomer was exclusive in dichloromethane at the same concentration. The discrepancy between theory and experiment was resolved by considering association equilibria in parallel with the protonation for the solute. As a result, the theoretically predicted tautomer ratios were obtained in close agreement with the experimental values. The NMps tautomer could form a preferable dimeric structure, where one or two chloride anion(s) was/were in hydrogen bonds with protons of the associating monomers. The calculations suggest that the proton relocation may take place by solvent assistance in water or along an intramolecular proton jump in the twist-boat conformation. The predicted activation free energy was about 10 kcal/mol on the basis of variable-temperature NMR experiments in DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter I. Nagy
- Center for Drug Design and Development, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606-3390,
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Aditya Maheshwari
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Yong-Wah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - William S. Messer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, OH 43606
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606-3390,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shafikova EA, Petrov DV, Sapozhnikova TA, Baschenko NJ, Dokichev VA. Synthesis of norbornane series tetra- and hexahydropyrimidines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Ghorai MK, Das K, Kumar A. An efficient synthetic route to substituted tetrahydropyrimidines by Cu(OTf)2-mediated nucleophilic ring-opening followed by the [4+2] cycloaddition of N-tosylazetidines with nitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
35
|
Cao H, Wang X, Jiang H, Zhu Q, Zhang M, Liu H. Development, Scope and Mechanisms of Multicomponent Reactions of Asymmetric Electron-Deficient Alkynes with Amines and Formaldehyde. Chemistry 2008; 14:11623-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Zhuravel IO, Kovalenko SM, Zaremba OV, Detistov OS, Kovalenko SS, Chernykh VP. Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethyl-8-methyl-3-(3-aryl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-2H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridin-2-ones and Their Esters. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802219445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleg V. Zaremba
- b Institute of Combinatorial Organic Chemistry , Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sureshbabu VV, Hemantha HP, Naik SA. Synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-linked orthogonally urethane-protected dipeptide mimetics. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Zhang M, Jiang HF. A New Multicomponent Reaction Catalyzed by a Lewis Acid Catalyst: Convenient Synthesis of Polyfunctional Tetrahydropyrimidines. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Zhang M, Jiang H, Liu H, Zhu Q. Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of Multisubstituted Tetrahydropyrimidines via Catalyst-Free Multicomponent Reactions. Org Lett 2007; 9:4111-3. [PMID: 17887765 DOI: 10.1021/ol701592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel and convenient one-pot synthesis of multisubstituted pyrimidine analogues via multicomponent reactions is disclosed. This catalyst-free domino reaction proceeded smoothly in good to excellent yields and offered several other advantages including short reaction time, a simple experimental workup procedure, and no toxic byproduct. In addition, the obtained products in our experiments are interesting nitrogen heterocyclic molecules containing alpha- and beta-amino acid blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- The College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PRC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Ghorai MK, Das K, Kumar A, Das A. A convenient synthetic route to 2-aryl-N-tosylazetidines and their ZnX2 (X=I, OTf) mediated regioselective nucleophilic ring opening reactions: synthesis of γ-iodoamines and tetrahydropyrimidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Nagy PI, Tejada FR, Messer WS. Theoretical Studies of the Tautomeric Equilibria for Five-Member N-Heterocycles in the Gas Phase and in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:22588-602. [PMID: 16853941 DOI: 10.1021/jp053076w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tautomeric equilibria have been studied for five-member N-heterocycles and their methyl derivatives in the gas phase and in different solvents with dielectric constants of epsilon = 4.7-78.4. The free energy changes differently for tautomers upon solvation as compared to the gas phase, resulting in a shift of the equilibrium constant in solution. Solvents with increasing dielectric constant produce more negative solute-solvent interaction energies and increasing internal energies. The methyl-substituted imidazole and pyrrazole form delicate equilibria between two tautomeric forms. Depending on the solvent, the methyl-substituted triazoles and tetrazole have one or two major tautomers in solution. When estimating the relative solvation free energies by means of an explicit solvent model and using the FEP/MC method, one observes that the preferred tautomers differ in several cases from those predicted by the continuum solvent model. The 1,2-prototropic shift, as an intramolecular tautomerization path, requires about 50 kcal/mol activation energy for imidazole in the gas phase, and this route is also disfavored in a solution. The calculated activation free energy along the intramolecular path is 48-50 kcal/mol in chloroform and water as compared to a literature value of 13.6 kcal/mol for pyrrazole in DMSO. A molecular dynamics computer experiment favors the formation of an imidazole chain in chloroform, making the 1,3-tautomerization feasible along an intermolecular path in nonprotic solvents. In aqueous solution, one strong N-H...Ow hydrogen bond is formed for each species, whereas all other nitrogens in the ring form weaker, N...HwOw type hydrogen bonds. The tetrahydrofuran solvent acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor and forms N-H... Oether bonds. Molecules of the dichloromethane solvent are in favorable dipole-dipole interactions with the solute. The results obtained are useful in the design of N-heterocyclic ligands forming specified hydrogen bonds with protein side chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Nagy
- Center for Drug Design and Development, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
Fluorinated heterocyclic compounds: an assay on the photochemistry of some fluorinated 1-oxa-2-azoles: an expedient route to fluorinated heterocycles. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2003.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Messer WS, Bachmann KA, Dockery C, El-Assadi AA, Hassoun E, Haupt N, Tang B, Li X. Development of CDD-0102 as a selective M1 agonist for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Weber JT, Rzigalinski BA, Ellis EF. Calcium responses to caffeine and muscarinic receptor agonists are altered in traumatically injured neurons. J Neurotrauma 2002; 19:1433-43. [PMID: 12490008 DOI: 10.1089/089771502320914660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental mechanism that is believed to contribute to neuronal injury and death following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in cellular calcium homeostasis. Of primary importance to these homeostatic mechanisms are intracellular calcium stores located on the endoplasmic reticulum. These intracellular stores play an important role in maintaining normal levels of calcium and calcium-mediated signaling through these stores is critical to several physiological processes in neurons. Using an in vitro model of stretch-induced traumatic injury and fura-2 digital calcium imaging, we investigated alterations in calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) and inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP(3))-linked signaling through intracellular calcium stores in populations of cultured rat cortical neurons. Caffeine, which stimulates CICR, produced a rapid elevation of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in 70% of uninjured neurons. Fifteen min after injury the population of caffeine-responsive neurons was reduced to 30%. The IP(3)-linked muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, CDD-0097 HCl and McN-A-343, produced elevations in [Ca(2+)](i) in 91% and 70% of uninjured neurons, respectively. Following injury the population of responders was reduced to 19% and 26%, respectively. Differential responses to agonists were also noted after injury, in which the majority of neurons within a given culture well were unresponsive to agonists while others elicited a normal elevation of calcium. These results suggest disruptions in intracellular calcium store-mediated signaling and altered calcium signaling population dynamics following injury. These alterations could affect normal neurotransmission in the brain and may contribute to some of the pathology of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles along with memory and cognitive deficits associated with a loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Efforts to treat Alzheimer's disease have focused on compounds that elevate cholinergic activity such as cholinesterase inhibitors and direct acting muscarinic and nicotinic agonists. Low efficacy and poor selectivity of available compounds have limited the clinical utility of muscarinic agonists. Recent studies suggesting a role for muscarinic agonists in regulating the production of A beta raise the possibility that selective M1 agonists could be useful in treating not only the symptoms, but also the underlying cause(s) of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, renewed efforts have focused on the development of compounds with improved selectivity for M1 receptors and lower toxicity. 5-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (CDD-0102) is a potent M1 agonist with a low side effect profile that enhances memory function in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. The available preclinical data suggest that CDD-0102 may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Messer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rajeswaran WG, Cao Y, Huang XP, Wroblewski ME, Colclough T, Lee S, Liu F, Nagy PI, Ellis J, Levine BA, Nocka KH, Messer WS. Design, synthesis, and biological characterization of bivalent 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridyl-1,2,5-thiadiazole derivatives as selective muscarinic agonists. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4563-76. [PMID: 11741475 DOI: 10.1021/jm0102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective muscarinic agonists could be useful in the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and chronic pain. Many muscarinic agonists have been developed, yet most exhibit at best limited functional selectivity for a given receptor subtype perhaps because of the high degree of sequence homology within the putative binding site, which appears to be buried within the transmembrane domains. Bivalent compounds containing essentially two agonist pharmacophores within the same molecule were synthesized and tested for receptor binding affinity and muscarinic agonist activity. A series of bis-1,2,5-thiadiazole derivatives of 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine linked by an alkyloxy moiety exhibited very high affinity (K(i) < 1 nM) and strong agonist activity. The degree of activity depended on the length of the linking alkyl group, which could be replaced by a poly(ethylene glycol) moiety, resulting in improved water solubility, binding affinity, and agonist potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Rajeswaran
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fluorinated heterocyclic compounds. A photochemical synthesis of 3-amino-5-perfluoroaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|