1
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Aerobic intramolecular aminothiocyanation of unactivated alkenes promoted by in situ generated iodine thiocyanate. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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2
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Hassan MZ, Osman H, Ali MA, Ahsan MJ. Therapeutic potential of coumarins as antiviral agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:236-255. [PMID: 27484512 PMCID: PMC7115672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins have received a considerable attention in the last three decades as a lead structures for the discovery of orally bioavailable non-peptidic antiviral agents. A lot of structurally diverse coumarins analogues were found to display remarkable array of affinity with the different molecular targets for antiviral agents and slight modifications around the central motif result in pronounced changes in its antiviral spectrum. This manuscript thoroughly reviews the design, discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of the coumarin analogues as antiviral agents focusing mainly on lead optimization and its development into clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zaheen Hassan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Alwar Pharmacy College, M.I.A., Alwar, Rajasthan 301030, India.
| | - Hasnah Osman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Ashraf Ali
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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3
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Mineno M, Sawai Y, Kanno K, Sawada N, Mizufune H. A rapid and diverse construction of 6-substituted-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-pyrones through double Reformatsky reaction. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Dong HS, Wang DD, Jin CQ. The Synthesis of (4E
)-N
-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-substituted-2-diazo-3-oxopent-4-enoic Acid Amides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Hossain MI, Shaban E, Ikemi T, Peng W, Kawafuchi H, Inokuchi T. Annulation of 2H-Pyran onto 1-Oxa- or 1-Azacyclohexane-2,4-diones and Their Analogues via Sequential Condensation with α-Substituted Enals and 6π-Electrocyclization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imran Hossain
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Elkhabiry Shaban
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Taku Ikemi
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Wei Peng
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | - Tsutomu Inokuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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6
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Fotouhi L, Nikoofar K. Electrochemical thiocyanation of nitrogen-containing aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Andersh B, Nguyen ET, Van Hoveln RJ, Kemmerer DK, Baudo DA, Graves JA, Roark ME, Bosma WB. Investigation of the Mechanism for the Preparation of 6-Phenyl-2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrans by the Potassium Carbonate Promoted Condensation between Acetoacetate Esters and Benzaldehyde. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4563-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400213s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Andersh
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
| | - Elizabeth T. Nguyen
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
| | - Ryan J. Van Hoveln
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
| | - Dylan K. Kemmerer
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
| | - David A. Baudo
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
| | - Jessica A. Graves
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
| | - Mollie E. Roark
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
| | - Wayne B. Bosma
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois 61625, United
States
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8
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Slater KA, Andersh B, Flint EB, Ferrence GM. 6-Phenyl-oxane-2,4-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o69. [PMID: 23476449 PMCID: PMC3588319 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812049781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C11H10O3, is a phenyl-subsituted dihydro-pyran-dione in which the heterocycle adopts a boat conformation with the phenyl substituent canted 72.14 (5)° relative to the mean plane of the heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A. Slater
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brad Andersh
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Edward B. Flint
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- CB 4160, Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
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9
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Astashko DA, Tyvorskii VI. A convenient route to 2,6-dialkyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones via oxidative cleavage of protected 1-(2-oxoalkyl)-cyclopropanols. Synthesis of (±)-hepialone and its natural congener. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and docking studies of novel chromone derivatives as HIV-1 protease inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Andonie R, Fabry-Asztalos L, Abdul-Wahid CB, Abdul-Wahid S, Barker GI, Magill LC. Fuzzy ARTMAP prediction of biological activities for potential HIV-1 protease inhibitors using a small molecular data set. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2011; 8:80-93. [PMID: 21071799 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2009.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining satisfactory results with neural networks depends on the availability of large data samples. The use of small training sets generally reduces performance. Most classical Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies for a specific enzyme system have been performed on small data sets. We focus on the neuro-fuzzy prediction of biological activities of HIV-1 protease inhibitory compounds when inferring from small training sets. We propose two computational intelligence prediction techniques which are suitable for small training sets, at the expense of some computational overhead. Both techniques are based on the FAMR model. The FAMR is a Fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) incremental learning system used for classification and probability estimation. During the learning phase, each sample pair is assigned a relevance factor proportional to the importance of that pair. The two proposed algorithms in this paper are: 1) The GA-FAMR algorithm, which is new, consists of two stages: a) During the first stage, we use a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the relevances assigned to the training data. This improves the generalization capability of the FAMR. b) In the second stage, we use the optimized relevances to train the FAMR. 2) The Ordered FAMR is derived from a known algorithm. Instead of optimizing relevances, it optimizes the order of data presentation using the algorithm of Dagher et al. In our experiments, we compare these two algorithms with an algorithm not based on the FAM, the FS-GA-FNN introduced in [4], [5]. We conclude that when inferring from small training sets, both techniques are efficient, in terms of generalization capability and execution time. The computational overhead introduced is compensated by better accuracy. Finally, the proposed techniques are used to predict the biological activities of newly designed potential HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan Andonie
- Computer Science Department, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA.
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12
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Ravichandran V, Mourya VK, Agrawal RK. Prediction of HIV-1 protease inhibitory activity of 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones: QSAR study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:288-94. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.496364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ravichandran
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Malaysia
| | - V. K. Mourya
- Government College of Pharmacy, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - R. K. Agrawal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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13
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Modification and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydroxy-pyrone derivatives as non-peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Ramachary DB, Kishor M. Direct catalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized tetronic acids/tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,5-diones via combination of cascade three-component reductive alkylations and Michael-aldol reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2859-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c003588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Andersh B, Gereg J, Amanuel M, Stanley C. Preparation of 5‐Aryl‐3‐Oxo‐δ‐Lactones by the Potassium Carbonate–Promoted Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ethyl Acetoacetate in Ethanol. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701796493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Andersh
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Bradley University , Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Gereg
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Bradley University , Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Mical Amanuel
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Bradley University , Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Carl Stanley
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Bradley University , Peoria, Illinois, USA
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16
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Shchepin VV, Kodess MI, Sazhneva YK, Russkikh NY. Synthesis, Structure, and Keto-Enol Tautomerism of 3-R1-5,5-R2,R2-6-R3-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydropyran-2,4-diones. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11176-005-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Shchepin VV, Russkikh NY, Sazhneva YK, Vakhrin MI. Synthesis of 6-Aryl-3,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-diones. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11176-005-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Sun CL, Pang RF, Zhang H, Yang M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydroxypyrone derivatives as HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3257-62. [PMID: 15923115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four 4-hydroxypyrone derivatives were synthesized with a facile synthetic method to develop novel HIV protease inhibitors. Most of them were shown to display good antiviral activities in SIV-infected CEM cells. The introduction of alpha-naphthylmethyl group to C-6 of 5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones led to an effective antiviral compound that showed an EC(50) value at 1.7 microM with a therapeutic index of 46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lai Sun
- National Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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19
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Bhhatarai B, Garg R. From SAR to comparative QSAR: role of hydrophobicity in the design of 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4078-84. [PMID: 15911321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Role of hydrophobicity in the design of 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones-a new class of emerging HIV-1 protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) was investigated by using comparative QSAR. These studies show that most of the data points in the individual dataset studied fall either on positive or negative side of the optimum value of ClogP. This is why, we observe either a positive or negative ClogP term in the QSAR. To observe the optimum value of ClogP for these inhibitors, a sufficient spread in the data is required. It is hoped that the results of this study would help in optimizing substituents for better binding at enzyme pockets and guide in the design of more effective HIV-PI of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Bhhatarai
- Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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20
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Xu C, Yuan C. Candida Rugosa lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of β-hydroxy-β-arylpropionates and δ-hydroxy-δ-aryl-β-oxo-pentanoates. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Jung JC, Lee JH, Oh S, Lee JG, Park OS. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5527-31. [PMID: 15482917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives was prepared and evaluated for antitumor activity. The key fragments were 2a-c, 5c, 12b, 13b, 17, and 18 which were prepared via dianion ring cyclization, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and Reformatsky reaction. Compound 20b showed the most potent antitumor activity among the total 12 derivatives and compounds 19a and 19b exhibited efficacy comparable to etoposide in vitro antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Jung
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, PO Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
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22
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Li YX, Wang YM, Yang XP, Wang SH, Li ZM. 3-Methylthio-pyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones from 3-(bis-methylthio)methylene-2H-pyran-2,4-diones and hydrazines. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Rich DH, Bursavich MG, Estiarte MA. Discovery of nonpeptide, peptidomimetic peptidase inhibitors that target alternate enzyme active site conformations. Biopolymers 2002; 66:115-25. [PMID: 12325161 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Structure-generating programs provide rational methods to rapidly design novel scaffolds targeting the biologic receptor of choice. Recent research has demonstrated proteins equilibrate between families of conformations (ensembles) for which drug design may target. New methods are currently being developed utilizing structure-generating programs to target alternate enzyme conformations in an attempt to overcome the challenge of developing therapeutically useful molecules. These new methods provide the potential to overcome bioavailability problems encountered with peptide and peptide-like molecules by identifying novel small molecule scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Rich
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Abstract
Flavonoids are plant pigments that are synthesised from phenylalanine, generally display marvelous colors known from flower petals, mostly emit brilliant fluorescence when they are excited by UV light, and are ubiquitous to green plant cells. The flavonoids are used by botanists for taxonomical classification. They regulate plant growth by inhibition of the exocytosis of the auxin indolyl acetic acid, as well as by induction of gene expression, and they influence other biological cells in numerous ways. Flavonoids inhibit or kill many bacterial strains, inhibit important viral enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase and protease, and destroy some pathogenic protozoans. Yet, their toxicity to animal cells is low. Flavonoids are major functional components of many herbal and insect preparations for medical use, e.g., propolis (bee's glue) and honey, which have been used since ancient times. The daily intake of flavonoids with normal food, especially fruit and vegetables, is 1-2 g. Modern authorised physicians are increasing their use of pure flavonoids to treat many important common diseases, due to their proven ability to inhibit specific enzymes, to simulate some hormones and neurotransmitters, and to scavenge free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent H Havsteen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany.
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25
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Huff JR, Kahn J. Discovery and clinical development of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2001; 56:213-51. [PMID: 11329855 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(01)56007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Huff
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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26
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Thaisrivongs S, Strohbach JW. Structure-based discovery of Tipranavir disodium (PNU-140690E): a potent, orally bioavailable, nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitor. Biopolymers 2000; 51:51-8. [PMID: 10380352 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(1999)51:1<51::aid-bip6>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to develop therapeutically relevant HIV protease inhibitors as medicinal agents in confronting the AIDS crisis have been aided by the wealth of fundamental information acquired during related drug discovery campaigns against other aspartyl proteases. This knowledge base was brought to full force with the broad screening identification of small, nonpeptidic, inhibitory molecules as templates for chemical elaboration. Significantly, the ability to collect crystallographic data on the inhibitor-enzyme complexes in a rapid fashion afforded the opportunity for a structure-based approach to drug discovery. Iterative cycles of synthesis, biological testing, and structural information gathering followed by prudent design modifications afforded compounds suitable for clinical evaluation. Displaying high enzymatic inhibition (Ki = 8 pM), potent in vitro antiviral cell culture activity (IC90 = 100 nM), and a useful pharmacokinetic profile, PNU-140690E (Tipranavir disodium) has entered into clinical studies. Promising results from these early trials supported further evaluation of this compound in HIV-infected individuals. PNU-140690E is currently under extensive clinical study.
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27
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Vara Prasad J, Panapoulous A, Rubin JR. Thiocyanation of alkylanilines. A simple and efficient synthesis of thiosulfonates containing 2-aminobenzothiazole. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Abstract
[formula: see text] A simple synthesis of heterocyclic thiosulfonates containing indole, indoline, benzoimidazole, and quinoxaline rings is described. The synthesis of these thiosulfonates involves the preparation of the appropriately substituted thiols followed by sulfonylation to give thiosulfonates. The corresponding thiols were prepared in a simple and efficient manner by using a thiocyanation reaction either prior to heterocycle ring formation or after heterocycle ring formation. These thiosulfonates were coupled successfully to the 5,6-dihydropyran-2-one ring to give products that showed excellent HIV protease activity.
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29
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Topol IA, Burt SK, Rashin AA, Erickson JW. Calculation of Substituent Effects on pKa Values for Pyrone and Dihydropyrone Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992691v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Topol
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Structural Biochemistry Program, SAIC Frederick, NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, and BioChemComp, Inc., 543 Sagamore Avenue, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666
| | - Stanley K. Burt
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Structural Biochemistry Program, SAIC Frederick, NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, and BioChemComp, Inc., 543 Sagamore Avenue, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666
| | - Alexander A. Rashin
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Structural Biochemistry Program, SAIC Frederick, NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, and BioChemComp, Inc., 543 Sagamore Avenue, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666
| | - John W. Erickson
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Structural Biochemistry Program, SAIC Frederick, NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, and BioChemComp, Inc., 543 Sagamore Avenue, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666
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31
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The Family of Chalcone Synthase-Related Proteins: Functional Diversity and Evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-9920(00)80004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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32
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Garg R, Gupta SP, Gao H, Babu MS, Debnath AK, Hansch C. Comparative Quantitative Structureminus signActivity Relationship Studies on Anti-HIV Drugs. Chem Rev 1999; 99:3525-3602. [PMID: 11849030 DOI: 10.1021/cr9703358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India, Pharmacia & Upjohn, 301 Henrietta Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, and Biochemical Virology Laboratory, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute of The New York Blood Center, 310 E. 67th Street, New York, New York 10021
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Prasad JV, Boyer FE, Domagala JM, Ellsworth EL, Gajda C, Hamilton HW, Hagen SE, Markoski LJ, Steinbaugh BA, Tait BD, Humblet C, Lunney EA, Pavlovsky A, Rubin JR, Ferguson D, Graham N, Holler T, Hupe D, Nouhan C, Tummino PJ, Urumov A, Zeikus E, Zeikus G, Gracheck SJ, Erickson JW. Nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitors possessing excellent antiviral activities and therapeutic indices. PD 178390: a lead HIV protease inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2775-800. [PMID: 10658583 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the insight generated by the availability of X-ray crystal structures of various 5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones bound to HIV PR, inhibitors possessing various alkyl groups at the 6-position of 5,6-dihydropyran-2-one ring were synthesized. The inhibitors possessing a 6-alkyl group exhibited superior antiviral activities when compared to 6-phenyl analogues. Antiviral efficacies were further improved upon introduction of a polar group (hydroxyl or amino) on the 4-position of the phenethyl moiety as well as the polar group (hydroxymethyl) on the 3-(tert-butyl-5-methyl-phenylthio) moiety. The polar substitution is also advantageous for decreasing toxicity, providing inhibitors with higher therapeutic indices. The best inhibitor among this series, (S)-6-[2-(4-aminophenyl)-ethyl]-(3-(2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-phenylsulfa nyl)-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one (34S), exhibited an EC50 of 200 nM with a therapeutic index of > 1000. More importantly, these non-peptidic inhibitors, 16S and 34S, appear to offer little cross-resistance to the currently marketed peptidomimetic PR inhibitors. The selected inhibitors tested in vitro against mutant HIV PR showed a very small increase in binding affinities relative to wild-type HIV PR. Cmax and absolute bioavailability of 34S were higher and half-life and time above EC95 were longer compared to 16S. Thus 34S, also known as PD 178390, which displays good antiviral efficacy, promising pharmacokinetic characteristics and favorable activity against mutant enzymes and CYP3A4, has been chosen for further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Ellsworth EL, Domagala J, Prasad JV, Hagen S, Ferguson D, Holler T, Hupe D, Graham N, Nouhan C, Tummino PJ, Zeikus G, Lunney EA. 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones.3. Bicyclic and hetero-aromatic ring systems as 3-position scaffolds to bind to S1' and S2' of the HIV-1 protease enzyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2019-24. [PMID: 10450973 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 protease, which bind to the S1, S2, S1', and S2' pockets and have a unique binding mode with the catalytic aspartyl groups and the flap region of the enzyme. Efforts to explore 3-position heterocyclic scaffolds that bind to the S1' and S2' pockets have provided a number of selected analogs that display high HIV-1 protease inhibitory activity. reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Ellsworth
- Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division of the Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Vara Prasad JV, Boyer FE, Domagala JM, Ellsworth EL, Gajda C, Hagen SE, Markoski LJ, Tait BD, Lunney EA, Tummino PJ, Ferguson D, Holler T, Hupe D, Nouhan C, Gracheck SJ, VanderRoest S, Saunders J, Iyer K, Sinz M, Brodfuehrer J. Nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitors: 6-alkyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones possessing achiral 3-(4-amino/carboxamide-2-t-butyl,5-methylphenyl thio) moiety: antiviral activities and pharmacokinetic properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1481-6. [PMID: 10386921 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyran-2-ones possessing amino and carboxamide functionalities on 3-SPh (2-tert-butyl, 5-methyl) ring were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities. Both the enantiomers of inhibitor 15 were synthesized. The in vitro resistance profile, inhibitory activities against cytochrome P450 isozymes and pharmacokinetic properties of inhibitor 15S will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Vara Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
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36
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