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Ni T, Hao Y, Ding Z, Chi X, Xie F, Wang R, Bao J, Yan L, Li L, Wang T, Zhang D, Jiang Y. Discovery of a Novel Potent Tetrazole Antifungal Candidate with High Selectivity and Broad Spectrum. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6238-6252. [PMID: 38598688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Thirty-one novel albaconazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on our previous work. All compounds exhibited potent in vitro antifungal activities against seven pathogenic fungi. Among them, tetrazole compound D2 was the most potent antifungal with MIC values of <0.008, <0.008, and 2 μg/mL against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively, the three most common and critical priority pathogenic fungi. In addition, compound D2 also exhibited potent activity against fluconazole-resistant C. auris isolates. Notably, compound D2 showed a lower inhibitory activity in vitro against human CYP450 enzymes as well as a lower inhibitory effect on the hERG K+ channel, indicating a low risk of drug-drug interactions and QT prolongation. Moreover, with improved pharmacokinetic profiles, compound D2 showed better in vivo efficacy than albaconazole at reducing fungal burden and extending the survival of C. albicans-infected mice. Taken together, compound D2 will be further investigated as a promising candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road ,Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zichao Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, 927th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 3 Yushui Road ,Puer 665000, China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruina Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhe Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road ,Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road ,Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road ,Shanghai 200092, China
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2
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Ciesielska A, Kowalczyk A, Paneth A, Stączek P. Evaluation of the antidermatophytic activity of potassium salts of N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioates and their aminotriazole-thione derivatives. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3521. [PMID: 38347115 PMCID: PMC10861498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, dermatophyte infections are relatively easy to cure, especially since the introduction of orally administered antifungals such as terbinafine and itraconazole. However, these drugs may cause side effects due to liver damage or their interactions with other therapeutics. Hence, the search for new effective chemotherapeutics showing antidermatophyte activity seems to be the urge of the moment. Potassium salts of N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioates are used commonly as precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Keeping that in mind, the activity of a series of five potassium N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioates (1a-e) and their aminotriazole-thione derivatives (2a-e) was evaluated against a set of pathogenic, keratinolytic fungi, such as Trichophyton ssp., Microsporum ssp. and Chrysosporium keratinophilum, but also against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All tested compounds were found non-toxic for L-929 and HeLa cells, with the IC30 and IC50 values assessed in the MTT assay above 128 mg/L. The compound 5-amino-3-(naphtalene-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (2d) was found active against all fungal strains tested. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed inhibition of mycelium development of Trichophyton rubrum cultivated on nail fragments and treated with 2d 24 h after infection with fungal spores. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observation of mycelium treated with 2d showed ultrastructural changes in the morphology of germinated spores. Finally, the RNA-seq analysis indicated that a broad spectrum of genes responded to stress induced by the 2d compound. In conclusion, the results confirm the potential of N-acylhydrazinecarbodithioate derivatives for future use as promising leads for new antidermatophyte agents development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ciesielska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Paneth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Stączek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Advances in Antifungal Drug Development: An Up-To-Date Mini Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121312. [PMID: 34959712 PMCID: PMC8706862 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of clinically available antifungals is limited by their narrow spectrum of activity, high toxicity, and emerging resistance. Antifungal drug discovery has always been a challenging area, since fungi and their human host are eukaryotes, making it difficult to identify unique targets for antifungals. Novel antifungals in clinical development include first-in-class agents, new structures for an established target, and formulation modifications to marketed antifungals, in addition to repurposed agents. Membrane interacting peptides and aromatherapy are gaining increased attention in the field. Immunotherapy is another promising treatment option, with antifungal antibodies advancing into clinical trials. Novel targets for antifungal therapy are also being discovered, allowing the design of new promising agents that may overcome the resistance issue. In this mini review, we will summarize the current status of antifungal drug pipelines in clinical stages, and the most recent advancements in preclinical antifungal drug development, with special focus on their chemistry.
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4
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Synthesis and antifungal activity of new hybrids thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines with (1H-1,2,4)triazole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127944. [PMID: 33713781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and antifungal activity of hybrids of thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines with (1H-1,2,4)triazoles are presented. The solubility and lipophilicity of compounds was assessed and it was discovered that compounds with piperazine linker exhibited significant antifungal activity against filamentous and yeast fungi.
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5
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Exploration of nitrogen heterocycle scaffolds for the development of potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115836. [PMID: 33218895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent protease that plays an important physiological role in many processes but is also involved in a variety of pathologies that affect the pulmonary system. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE proteolytic activity could represent effective therapeutics. We present here a new series of pyrazolopyridine and pyrrolopyridine derivatives as HNE inhibitors designed as modifications of our previously synthesized indazoles and indoles in order to evaluate effects of the change in position of the nitrogen and/or the insertion of an additional nitrogen in the scaffolds on biological activity and chemical stability. We obtained potent HNE inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range (10-50 nM), and some compounds exhibited improved chemical stability in phosphate buffer (t1/2 > 6 h). Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that inhibitory activity was strictly dependent on the formation of a Michaelis complex between the OH group of HNE Ser195 and the carbonyl carbon of the inhibitor. Moreover, in silico ADMET calculations predicted that most of the new compounds would be optimally absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Thus, these new and potent HNE inhibitors represent novel leads for future therapeutic development.
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6
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Argomedo LM, Barroso VM, Barreiro CS, Darbem MP, Ishida K, Stefani HA. Novel 2-Aryloxazoline Compounds Exhibit an Inhibitory Effect on Candida spp., Including Antifungal-Resistant Isolates. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2470-2475. [PMID: 33335669 PMCID: PMC7734819 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the increased resistance to currently available antifungals, fungal infections represent a significant challenge to human health. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2-aryloxazoline derivatives from the reaction between l-threonine and derivatives of salicylic or naphthoic acid. In total, 26 compounds were obtained and tested against species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus. We found that all of the compounds inhibited the growth of Candida species at low concentrations (<0.25 μg/mL) and exhibited reduced hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. Additionally, compounds 4i and 9i were especially effective against antifungal-resistant isolates and the emerging fungus Candida auris. However, the compounds were less active on Cryptococcus and Aspergillus. Because of the improved in vitro antifungal efficacy and attenuated cytotoxicity, these two 2-aryloxazolines obtained from salicylic and naphthoic acid derivatives, respectively, may be considered lead molecules for the development of novel antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M.
Z. Argomedo
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl. 13, 05508-000 São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M. Barroso
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1374, ICB II, Lab 150, 05508-000 São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S. Barreiro
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl. 13, 05508-000 São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Darbem
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl. 13, 05508-000 São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1374, ICB II, Lab 150, 05508-000 São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil
- K.I.: email,
| | - Hélio A. Stefani
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 580, Bl. 13, 05508-000 São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil
- H.A.S,: email,
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7
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Malefo MS, Ramadwa TE, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN, Sonopo MS, Selepe MA. Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Chromones and Benzoxepines from the Leaves of Ptaeroxylon obliquum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2508-2517. [PMID: 32790311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the first total synthesis of the bioactive oxepinochromones 12-O-acetyleranthin (8) (angular isomer) and 12-O-acetylptaeroxylinol (9) (linear isomer). The antifungal activity of these compounds and their derivatives was determined against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Most compounds had good selectivity between the two fungi and showed moderate to good activity. 12-O-Acetyleranthin (8) had the highest activity against C. albicans, with an MIC value of 9.9 μM, while 12-O-acetylptaeroxylinol (9), the compound present in Ptaeroxylon obliquum, had the highest activity against C. neoformans, with an MIC value of 4.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modibo S Malefo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Thanyani E Ramadwa
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Jacobus N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Molahlehi S Sonopo
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Pelindaba, Brits R104, South Africa
| | - Mamoalosi A Selepe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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8
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Aqueous mortar–pestle grinding: An efficient, attractive, and viable technique for the regioselective synthesis of β-amino alcohols. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Desoubeaux G, Cray C. Rodent Models of Invasive Aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus: Still a Long Path toward Standardization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:841. [PMID: 28559881 PMCID: PMC5432554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis has been studied in laboratory by the means of plethora of distinct animal models. They were developed to address pathophysiology, therapy, diagnosis, or miscellaneous other concerns associated. However, there are great discrepancies regarding all the experimental variables of animal models, and a thorough focus on them is needed. This systematic review completed a comprehensive bibliographic analysis specifically-based on the technical features of rodent models infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Out the 800 articles reviewed, it was shown that mice remained the preferred model (85.8% of the referenced reports), above rats (10.8%), and guinea pigs (3.8%). Three quarters of the models involved immunocompromised status, mainly by steroids (44.4%) and/or alkylating drugs (42.9%), but only 27.7% were reported to receive antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent from bacterial infection. Injection of spores (30.0%) and inhalation/deposition into respiratory airways (66.9%) were the most used routes for experimental inoculation. Overall, more than 230 distinct A. fumigatus strains were used in models. Of all the published studies, 18.4% did not mention usage of any diagnostic tool, like histopathology or mycological culture, to control correct implementation of the disease and to measure outcome. In light of these findings, a consensus discussion should be engaged to establish a minimum standardization, although this may not be consistently suitable for addressing all the specific aspects of invasive aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA.,Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine tropicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToursTours, France.,Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR) Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100/Équipe 3, Université François-RabelaisTours, France
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA
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10
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Albert-Soriano M, Pastor IM. Metal-Organic Framework Based on Copper and Carboxylate-Imidazole as Robust and Effective Catalyst in the Oxidative Amidation of Carboxylic Acids and Formamides. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Albert-Soriano
- Organic Chemistry Department and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO); University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Isidro M. Pastor
- Organic Chemistry Department and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO); University of Alicante; Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
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11
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Aurelio L, Scullino CV, Pitman MR, Sexton A, Oliver V, Davies L, Rebello RJ, Furic L, Creek DJ, Pitson SM, Flynn BL. From Sphingosine Kinase to Dihydroceramide Desaturase: A Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Study of the Enzyme Inhibitory and Anticancer Activity of 4-((4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)phenol (SKI-II). J Med Chem 2016; 59:965-84. [PMID: 26780304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, SKI-II, has been employed extensively in biological investigations of the role of SK1 and SK2 in disease and has demonstrated impressive anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. However, interpretations of results using this pharmacological agent are complicated by several factors: poor SK1/2 selectivity, additional activity as an inducer of SK1-degradation, and off-target effects, including its recently identified capacity to inhibit dihydroceramide desaturase-1 (Des1). In this study, we have delineated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) for these different targets and correlated them to that required for anticancer activity and determined that Des1 inhibition is primarily responsible for the antiproliferative effects of SKI-II and its analogues. In the course of these efforts, a series of novel SK1, SK2, and Des1 inhibitors have been generated, including compounds with significantly greater anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aurelio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Carmen V Scullino
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Melissa R Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Frome Road, Adelaide South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Anna Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Victoria Oliver
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lorena Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Frome Road, Adelaide South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Richard J Rebello
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Darren J Creek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Frome Road, Adelaide South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Bernard L Flynn
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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12
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Mhaske PC, Shelke SH, Gadge K, Shinde A. Synthesis and Antifungal Screening of 2-(2-Aryl-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl)-5-((2-aryl/benzylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin C. Mhaske
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry; Sir Parashurambahu College, University of Pune; Tilak Road Pune 411 030 India (Affiliated to University of Pune)
| | - Shivaji H. Shelke
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry; H. P. T. Arts and R. Y. K. Science College, University of Pune; College Road Nashik 422 005 India (Affiliated to University of Pune)
| | - Kisan Gadge
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry; Sir Parashurambahu College, University of Pune; Tilak Road Pune 411 030 India (Affiliated to University of Pune)
| | - Abhijit Shinde
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry; Sir Parashurambahu College, University of Pune; Tilak Road Pune 411 030 India (Affiliated to University of Pune)
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13
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Olivella M, Marchal A, Nogueras M, Melguizo M, Lima B, Tapia A, Feresin GE, Parravicini O, Giannini F, Andujar SA, Cobo J, Enriz RD. A New Series of Antibacterial Nitrosopyrimidines: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 348:68-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Olivella
- Facultad de Química; Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
| | - Antonio Marchal
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica; Universidad de Jaén; Jaén Spain
| | - Manuel Nogueras
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica; Universidad de Jaén; Jaén Spain
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica; Universidad de Jaén; Jaén Spain
| | - Beatriz Lima
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional de San Juan; San Juan Argentina
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional de San Juan; San Juan Argentina
| | - Gabriela E. Feresin
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional de San Juan; San Juan Argentina
| | - Oscar Parravicini
- Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia, Instituto de Química Orgánica; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; S. M. de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Fernando Giannini
- Facultad de Química; Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
| | - Sebastián A. Andujar
- Facultad de Química; Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
- IMIBIO-SL (CONICET); San Luis Argentina
| | - Justo Cobo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica; Universidad de Jaén; Jaén Spain
| | - Ricardo D. Enriz
- Facultad de Química; Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
- IMIBIO-SL (CONICET); San Luis Argentina
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14
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Parker JE, Warrilow AGS, Price CL, Mullins JGL, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Resistance to antifungals that target CYP51. J Chem Biol 2014; 7:143-61. [PMID: 25320648 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-014-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases are an increasing global burden. Fungi are now recognised to kill more people annually than malaria, whilst in agriculture, fungi threaten crop yields and food security. Azole resistance, mediated by several mechanisms including point mutations in the target enzyme (CYP51), is increasing through selection pressure as a result of widespread use of triazole fungicides in agriculture and triazole antifungal drugs in the clinic. Mutations similar to those seen in clinical isolates as long ago as the 1990s in Candida albicans and later in Aspergillus fumigatus have been identified in agriculturally important fungal species and also wider combinations of point mutations. Recently, evidence that mutations originate in the field and now appear in clinical infections has been suggested. This situation is likely to increase in prevalence as triazole fungicide use continues to rise. Here, we review the progress made in understanding azole resistance found amongst clinically and agriculturally important fungal species focussing on resistance mechanisms associated with CYP51. Biochemical characterisation of wild-type and mutant CYP51 enzymes through ligand binding studies and azole IC50 determinations is an important tool for understanding azole susceptibility and can be used in conjunction with microbiological methods (MIC50 values), molecular biological studies (site-directed mutagenesis) and protein modelling studies to inform future antifungal development with increased specificity for the target enzyme over the host homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie E Parker
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Andrew G S Warrilow
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Claire L Price
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Jonathan G L Mullins
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Diane E Kelly
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Steven L Kelly
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
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15
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Cao X, Sun Z, Cao Y, Wang R, Cai T, Chu W, Hu W, Yang Y. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel fused heterocycles-linked triazoles with good activity and water solubility. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3687-706. [PMID: 24564525 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles with fused-heterocycle nuclei were designed and evaluated for their in vitro activity on the basis of the binding mode of albaconazole using molecular docking, along with SAR of antifungal triazoles. Tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine and tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine nuclei were preferable to the other four fused-heterocycle nuclei investigated. Potent in vitro activity, broad spectrum and better water solubility were attained when triazoles containing nitrogen aromatic heterocycles were attached to these two nuclei. The most potent compounds 27aa and 45x, with low hERG inhibition and hepatocyte toxicity, both exhibited excellent activity against Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus spp., as well as selected fluconazole-resistant strains. A high water-soluble compound 58 (the disulfate salt of 45x) displayed unsatisfactory in vivo activity because of its poor PK profiles. Mice infected with C.alb. SC5314 and C.alb. 103 (fluconazole-resistant strain) and administered with 27aa displayed significantly improved survival rates. 27aa also showed favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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Bol’but AV, Kemskii SV, Vovk MV. Synthesis of new Di-, Tetra-, and hexahydropyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]diazepine derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428012070172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Chemoselective synthesis of ketones and ketimines by addition of organometallic reagents to secondary amides. Nat Chem 2012; 4:228-34. [PMID: 22354438 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and selective transformations is crucial in synthetic chemistry as it opens new possibilities in the total synthesis of complex molecules. Applying such reactions to the synthesis of ketones is of great importance, as this motif serves as a synthetic handle for the elaboration of numerous organic functionalities. In this context, we report a general and chemoselective method based on an activation/addition sequence on secondary amides allowing the controlled isolation of structurally diverse ketones and ketimines. The generation of a highly electrophilic imidoyl triflate intermediate was found to be pivotal in the observed exceptional functional group tolerance, allowing the facile addition of readily available Grignard and diorganozinc reagents to amides, and avoiding commonly observed over-addition or reduction side reactions. The methodology has been applied to the formal synthesis of analogues of the antineoplastic agent Bexarotene and to the rapid and efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical diketones in a one-pot procedure.
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18
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Attanasi OA, Bartoccini S, Giorgi G, Mantellini F, Perrulli FR, Santeusanio S. Study of the nucleophilic behaviour of N-phenylbenzamidine towards 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes: domino reactions for imidazole scaffolds. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Abstract
This review provides a historical overview of the analog based drug discovery of miconazole and its congeners, and is focused on marketed azole antifungals bearing the generic suffix “conazole”. The antifungal activity of miconazole, one of the first broad-spectrum antimycotic agents has been mainly restricted to topical applications. The attractive in vitro antifungal spectrum was a starting point to design more potent and especially orally active antifungal agents such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole. The chemistry, in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity, pharmacology, and clinical applications of these marketed conazoles has been described.
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20
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Klip NT, Capan G, Gürsoy A, Uzun M, Satana D. Synthesis, structure, and antifungal evaluation of some novel 1,2,4-triazolylmercaptoacetylthiosemicarbazide and 1,2,4-triazolylmercaptomethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole analogs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:126-31. [PMID: 20030516 DOI: 10.3109/14756360903040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 1-[[4-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-furyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl]mercaptoacetyl]-4-alkyl/aryl-3-thiosemicarbazides (5-12) were synthesized by the reaction of 4-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-furyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylmercaptoacetylhydrazide (4) with substituted isothiocyanates. Cyclodehydration of thiosemicarbazides with concentrated sulfuric acid yielded 2-[4-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-furyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl]mercaptomethyl-5-alkyl/arylamino-1,3, 4-thiadiazoles (13-17). The new compounds were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity using the microdilution method. The tested compounds showed varying degrees of activity against Microsporum gypseum NCPF-580, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC 8-4 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Terzioğlu Klip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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21
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Fluconazole analogues containing 2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one or 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one moieties, a novel class of anti-Candida agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:722-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Pesti J, Chen CK, Spangler L, DelMonte AJ, Benoit S, Berglund D, Bien J, Brodfuehrer P, Chan Y, Corbett E, Costello C, DeMena P, Discordia RP, Doubleday W, Gao Z, Gingras S, Grosso J, Haas O, Kacsur D, Lai C, Leung S, Miller M, Muslehiddinoglu J, Nguyen N, Qiu J, Olzog M, Reiff E, Thoraval D, Totleben M, Vanyo D, Vemishetti P, Wasylak J, Wei C. The Process Development of Ravuconazole: An Efficient Multikilogram Scale Preparation of an Antifungal Agent. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaan Pesti
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Chien-Kuang Chen
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Lori Spangler
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Albert J. DelMonte
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Serge Benoit
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Derek Berglund
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey Bien
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Paul Brodfuehrer
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Yeung Chan
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Elisabeth Corbett
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Carrie Costello
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Paul DeMena
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Robert P. Discordia
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Wendel Doubleday
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Zhinong Gao
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Stephane Gingras
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - John Grosso
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Oscar Haas
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - David Kacsur
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Chiajen Lai
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Simon Leung
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Melanie Miller
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Jale Muslehiddinoglu
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Nina Nguyen
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Jun Qiu
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Martina Olzog
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Emily Reiff
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Dominique Thoraval
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Michael Totleben
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Dale Vanyo
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Purushotham Vemishetti
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - John Wasylak
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Chenkou Wei
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
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Abstract
Invasive fungal infections with primary and opportunistic mycoses have become increasingly common in recent years and pose a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They represent a major area of concern in today's medical fraternity. The occurrence of invasive fungal diseases, particularly in AIDS and other immunocompromised patients, is life-threatening and increases the economic burden. Apart from the previously known polyenes and imidazole-based azoles, newly discovered triazoles and echinocandins are more effective in terms of specificity, yet some immunosuppressed hosts are difficult to treat. The main reasons for this include antifungal resistance, toxicity, lack of rapid and microbe-specific diagnoses, poor penetration of drugs into sanctuary sites, and lack of oral or intravenous preparations. In addition to combination antifungal therapy, other novel antimycotic treatments such as calcineurin signaling pathway blockers and vaccines have recently emerged. This review briefly summarizes recent developments in the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy P Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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24
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Ajmani S, Jadhav K, Kulkarni S. Group-Based QSAR (G-QSAR): Mitigating Interpretation Challenges in QSAR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200810063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Efficient Construction of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Scaffold and its Exploration as a New Heterocyclic Fluorescent Platform. J Fluoresc 2007; 18:357-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-007-0275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Vasanthanathan P, Lakshmi M, Arockia Babu M, Kaskhedikar SG. Influence of thermodynamic parameter in Lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitory activity as antifungal agents: a QSAR approach. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1262-6. [PMID: 16755030 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative structure activity relationship, Hansch approach was applied on twenty compounds of chromene derivatives as Lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitory activity against eight fungal organisms. Various physicochemical descriptors and reported minimum inhibitory concentration values of different fungal organisms were used as independent variables and dependent variable respectively. The best models for eight different fungal organisms were first validated by leave-one-out cross validation procedure. It was revealed that thermodynamic parameters were found to have overall significant correlationship with anti fungal activity and these studies provide an insight to design new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poongavanam Vasanthanathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Chinhut, Lucknow, India.
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27
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Vasanthanathan P, Lakshmi M, Arockia Babu M, Gupta AK, Kaskhedikar SG. QSAR Study of 3-Phenyl-5-acyloxymethyl-2H,5H-furan-2-ones as Antifungal Agents: The Dominant Role of Electronic Parameter. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:583-7. [PMID: 16595972 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To explore physicochemical properties of 3-phenyl-5-acyloxymethyl-2H,5H-furan-2-ones derivatives responsible for their antifungal activity, a quantitative structure activity relationship, Hansch approach was applied on sixteen compounds of above mentioned derivatives. Various physicochemical descriptors and reported minimum inhibitory concentration values of different fungal organisms were used as independent variables and dependent variable respectively. The best models for twelve different fungal organisms were first validated by leave-one-out cross validation procedure. Further, bootstrapping method was adopted to assess the robustness of the models. It was revealed that electronic parameters were found to have overall significant correlation with antifungal activity and these studies provide an insight to design new molecules.
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28
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Clemons KV, Stevens DA. The contribution of animal models of aspergillosis to understanding pathogenesis, therapy and virulence. Med Mycol 2005; 43 Suppl 1:S101-10. [PMID: 16110800 DOI: 10.1080/13693780500051919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of aspergillosis have been used extensively to study various aspects of pathogenesis, innate and acquired host-response, disease transmission and therapy. Several different animal models of aspergillosis have been developed. Because aspergillosis is an important pulmonary disease in birds, avian models have been used successfully to study preventative vaccines. Studies done to emulate human disease have relied on models using common laboratory animal species. Guinea pig models have primarily been used in therapy studies of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Rabbits have been used to study IPA and systemic disease, as well as fungal keratitis. Rodent, particularly mouse, models of aspergillosis predominate as the choice for most investigators. The availability of genetically defined strains of mice, immunological reagents, cost and ease of handling are factors. Both normal and immunosuppressed animals are used routinely. These models have been used to determine efficacy of experimental therapeutics, comparative virulence of different isolates of Aspergillus, genes involved in virulence, and susceptibility to infection with Aspergillus. Mice with genetic immunological deficiency and cytokine gene-specific knockout mice facilitate studies of the roles cells, and cytokines and chemokines, play in host-resistance to Aspergillus. Overall, these models have been critical to the advancement of therapy, and our current understanding of pathogenesis and host-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Clemons
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.
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29
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Yoburn JC, Baskaran S. Chemoselective Arylamidine Cyclizations: Mild Formation of 2-Arylimidazole-4-carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2005; 7:3801-3. [PMID: 16092879 DOI: 10.1021/ol0514855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile, one-pot synthesis of 2-arylimidazole-4-carboxylic acids from arylamidines and methyl-2-chloroacetoacetate is described. The transformation is chemoselective, and reaction conditions are mild. Moreover, the flexibility of the strategy offers rapid access to two important classes of biaryl compounds, both 2-arylimidazoles and 2-arylpyrimidines, depending simply upon solvent and base selection. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Yoburn
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, 341 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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30
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Gollapudy R, Ajmani S, Kulkarni SA. Modeling and interactions of Aspergillus fumigatus lanosterol 14-α demethylase `A' with azole antifungals. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2937-50. [PMID: 15142553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent identification of the sterol 14-alpha demethylase genes (CYP51 A and B) from Aspergillus fumigatus and other species by Mellado et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 2001, 39(7), 2431-2438), has opened up possibilities of investigating the interactions of azole antifungals with the enzyme(s) from fungi. This study describes for the first time, a model of the three-dimensional structure of A. fumigatus 14-alpha demethylase (AF-CYP51A), using the crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 14-alpha demethylase (PDB code:1EA1) as a template. The paper also describes the various interactions between azole antifungals and the target from A. fumigatus (AF-CYP51A). Quantitative evaluation of these interactions is done using COMBINE analysis to understand contributions of active site residues to ligand activity. It also provides explanation for the activity/inactivity of different ligands for AF-CYP51A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gollapudy
- VLife Science Technologies Pvt. Ltd, 1 Akshay Residency, Plot # 50 Anand Park, Aundh Pune 411 007, India
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31
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Reddy GJ, Latha D, Sailaja S, Pallavi K, Rao KS. MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF 5-ARYL-THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLATES. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2004.10.6.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Mastrolorenzo A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. The antifungal activity of sulfonylated/carboxylated derivatives of dibenzo-1,4-dioxine-2-acetyloxime may be due to inhibition of lanosterol-14alpha-demethylase. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 15:557-69. [PMID: 11140611 DOI: 10.3109/14756360009040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aryl/alkyl-sulfonyl-, aryl/alkylcarboxyl- and aryl(sulfonyl)carbamyl/thiocarbamyl-derivatives of dibenzo-1,4-dioxine-2-acetyloxime were prepared by reaction of the title compound with sulfonyl halides, sulfonic acid anhydrides, acyl chlorides/carboxylic acids, arylsulfonyl isocyanates, aryl/acyl isocyanates or isothiocyanates. Several of the newly synthesized compounds showed effective in vitro antifungal activity against Aspergillus and Candida spp., some of them showing activities comparable to ketoconazole (with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 1.2-4 microg/mL) against the two Aspergillus strains, but possessing a lower activity as compared to ketoconazole against C. albicans. Of the three investigated strains, best activity was detected against A. flavus. The mechanism of action of these compounds probably involves inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis by interaction with lanosterol-14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1), since reduced amounts of ergosterol were found by means of HPLC, in cultures of the sensitive strain A. flavus treated with some of these inhibitors. Thus, the compounds reported here might possess a similar mechanism of action at molecular level with that of the widely used azole antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mastrolorenzo
- Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Scienze Dermatologiche, Centro MTS, Firenze, Italia
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33
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Saha AK, Liu L, Simoneaux RL, Kukla MJ, Marichal P, Odds F. Novel antifungals based on 4-substituted imidazole: a combinatorial chemistry approach to lead discovery and optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2175-8. [PMID: 11012023 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-substituted imidazole sulfonamides has been prepared by solid-phase chemistry. These compounds were found to have good in vitro antifungal activity and constitute the first examples of C-linked azoles with such activity. The most potent inhibitor (30) demonstrated inhibition of key Candida strains at an in vitro concentration of < 100nM and compared favorably with in vitro potency of itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Saha
- Drug Discovery, Janssen Research Foundation, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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34
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Watkins WJ, Renau TE. Chapter 14. Progress with antifungal agents and approaches to combat fungal resistance. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(00)35015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Katritzky AR, Monteux DA, Tymoshenko DO, Belyakov SA. The Direct Carbamoylation of Organometallic Reagents with 1,2,3-Benzotriazole -1-carboxamides. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 1999. [DOI: 10.1177/174751989902300330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various (hetero) aromatic amides are synthesized efficiently by the carbamoylation of organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Daphne A. Monteux
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Dmytro O. Tymoshenko
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Sergei A. Belyakov
- Current address: Guilford Pharmaceuticals, 6611 Trubutary St., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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36
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Abstract
In this review the recent achievements in the field of chemotherapy and immunotherapy of candidiasis are outlined. The current limitations of chemotherapeutic approaches and the lack of well defined preventive tools and strategies make it imperative to exploit the potential of novel immunotherapeutic venues. In this prospect the rather extensive work performed on cytokine patterns in experimental models and the upsurge of antibodies as one mechanism of anti-Candida protection raises great promise for the clinical use of immunotherapy possibly in conjunction with chemotherapy to improve the fight against this increasingly prevalent human opportunistic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Polonelli
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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