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Rahimova R, Nogaret P, Huteau V, Gelin M, Clément DA, Labesse G, Pochet S, Blanc-Potard AB, Lionne C. Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a NAD + analogue targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa NAD kinase. FEBS J 2023; 290:482-501. [PMID: 36036789 PMCID: PMC10087438 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a major public health problem that requires the urgent development of new antibiotics and therefore the identification of novel bacterial targets. The activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase, NADK, is essential in all bacteria tested so far, including many human pathogens that display antibiotic resistance leading to the failure of current treatments. Inhibiting NADK is therefore a promising and innovative antibacterial strategy since there is currently no drug on the market targeting this enzyme. Through a fragment-based drug design approach, we have recently developed a NAD+ -competitive inhibitor of NADKs, which displayed in vivo activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we show that this compound, a di-adenosine derivative, is inactive against the NADK enzyme from the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaNADK). This lack of activity can be explained by the crystal structure of PaNADK, which was determined in complex with NADP+ in this study. Structural analysis led us to design and synthesize a benzamide adenine dinucleoside analogue, active against PaNADK. This novel compound efficiently inhibited PaNADK enzymatic activity in vitro with a Ki of 4.6 μm. Moreover, this compound reduced P. aeruginosa infection in vivo in a zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahila Rahimova
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, France
| | - Pauline Nogaret
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions (LPHI), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5235, France
| | - Valérie Huteau
- Unité de Chimie Biologique Epigénétique, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, France
| | - Muriel Gelin
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, France
| | - David A Clément
- Unité de Chimie Biologique Epigénétique, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, France
| | - Sylvie Pochet
- Unité de Chimie Biologique Epigénétique, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, France
| | | | - Corinne Lionne
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, France
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2
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Zhou X, Jia T, Luo Y, Liu H, Zhang F, Zhao Y. Concise synthesis of thiophene C-nucleoside analogues bearing sugar residues and aromatic residues through dimerization and sulfur heterocyclization of sugar alkynes and substituted iodoethynylbenzene. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1800-1805. [PMID: 32080693 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of thiophene C-nucleoside analogues bearing sugar residues (mono- and disaccharides) and aromatic residues has been achieved by symmetric dimerization of terminal sugar alkynes or unsymmetric dimerization of terminal sugar alkynes and substituted iodoethynylbenzene followed by sulfur heterocyclization in one pot. Homocoupling of terminal sugar alkynes and subsequent sulfur heterocyclization produce thiophene C-nucleoside analogues bearing disaccharides. Unsymmetric dimerization of terminal sugar alkynes and substituted iodoethynylbenzene followed by sulfur heterocyclization give thiophene C-nucleoside analogues bearing monosaccharide and aromatic residues. This approach is concise, general and mild, and is suitable for structurally diverse pyranosides, furanosides, and acyclic sugars. Thirty-two examples have been given and the corresponding products are obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, The Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Tongtong Jia
- College of Chemistry, The Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yang Luo
- College of Chemistry, The Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Chemistry, The Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Fuyi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, The Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry, The Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China. and Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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3
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Novel adenosine-derived inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:934-942. [PMID: 31296916 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have found cyclophane-type adenosine derivatives having p-quinone amide moieties (1 and 2) as weak inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (CpIMPDH) from the Hokkaido University Chemical Library via the luciferase-based high-throughput screening. To obtain more potent inhibitors, we synthesized four new derivatives free from cyclophane rings (3-6). The N-H derivatives 3 and 5 showed more potent activities (24.4 and 11.1 μM, respectively) in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT), whereas the N-methyl derivative 4 indicated more potent activity (2.1 μM) without DTT. Conformational analysis of compounds 3 and 4 suggested that N-H amide 3 binds to IMP-binding site in the DTT mediated manner.
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4
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Casaos J, Gorelick NL, Huq S, Choi J, Xia Y, Serra R, Felder R, Lott T, Kast RE, Suk I, Brem H, Tyler B, Skuli N. The Use of Ribavirin as an Anticancer Therapeutic: Will It Go Viral? Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1185-1194. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Reddy TN, Swetha C, Ramesh P, Sridhar B, Jayathirtha Rao V. Synthesis of Phenylselenopyrans and Lactones from Allylic Alcohols and Acids via Baylis-Hillman Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thatikonda Narendar Reddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang Taipei 115 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chanda Swetha
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Perla Ramesh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- AcSIR, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
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6
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Angeli A, Carta F, Bartolucci G, Supuran CT. Synthesis of novel acyl selenoureido benzensulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase I, II, VII and IX inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3567-3573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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7
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Angeli A, Tanini D, Viglianisi C, Panzella L, Capperucci A, Menichetti S, Supuran CT. Evaluation of selenide, diselenide and selenoheterocycle derivatives as carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV, VII and IX inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2518-2523. [PMID: 28302505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of selenides, diselenides and organoselenoheterocycles were evaluated as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors against the human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, IV, VII and IX, involved in a variety of diseases among which glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, epilepsy, arthritis and tumors etc. These investigated compounds showed inhibitory action against these isoforms and some of them were selective for inhibiting the cytosolic over the membrane-bound isoforms, thus making them interesting leads for the development of isoform-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Damiano Tanini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Chemical Sciences, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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8
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Novel concept of enzyme selective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-modified inhibitors based on enzyme taxonomy from the diphosphate conformation of NAD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5133-6. [PMID: 26463132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dihedral angle θ of the diphosphate part of NAD(P) were investigated to distinguish the differences in the binding-conformation of NAD(P) to enzymes and to create an enzyme taxonomy. Furthermore, new inhibitors with fixed dihedral angles showed that enzymes could recognize the differences in the dihedral angle θ. We suggest the taxonomy and the dihedral angle θ are important values for chemists to consider when designing inhibitors and drugs that target enzymes.
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9
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Pankiewicz KW, Felczak K. From ribavirin to NAD analogues and back to ribavirin in search for anticancer agents. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2015-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractRibavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent is used in the clinic alone or in combination with other antivirals and/or interferons. Numerous structural analogues of ribavirin have been developed, among them tiazofurin, which is inactive against viruses but is a potent anticancer drug. Tiazofurin was found to inhibit nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) after metabolic conversion into tiazofurin adenine dinucleotide (TAD), which binds well but could not serve as IMPDH cofactor. TAD showed high selectivity against human IMPDH vs. other cellular dehydrogenases. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was even more specific, binding at the cofactor-binding domain of IMPDH. Ribavirin adenine dinucleotide, however, did not show any significant inhibition at the enzymatic level. We synthesized numerous NAD analogues in which natural nicotinamide riboside was replaced by tiazofurin, MPA moiety, or benzamide riboside, and the adenosine moiety as well as the pyrophosphate linker were broadly modified. Some of these compounds were found to be low nanomolar inhibitors of the enzyme and sub-micromolar inhibitors of cancer cell line proliferation. The best were as potent as tyrosine kinase inhibitor gleevec heralded as a ‘magic bullet’ against chronic myelogenous leukemia. In recent years, ribavirin was rediscovered as a potential anticancer agent against number of tumors including leukemia. It was clearly established that its antitumor activity is related to the inhibition of an oncogene, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof W. Pankiewicz
- 1University of Minnesota Center for Drug Design, MMC 204, 516 Delaware Street NE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Krzysztof Felczak
- 1University of Minnesota Center for Drug Design, MMC 204, 516 Delaware Street NE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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10
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Beno BR, Yeung KS, Bartberger MD, Pennington LD, Meanwell NA. A Survey of the Role of Noncovalent Sulfur Interactions in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4383-438. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501853m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Beno
- Department of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Michael D. Bartberger
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Lewis D. Pennington
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive Thousand Oaks California 91320, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway Wallingford Connecticut 06492, United States
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11
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Franchetti P, Cappellacci L, Pasqualini M, Petrelli R, Jayaprakasan V, Jayaram HN, Boyd DB, Jain MD, Grifantini M. Synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity of new analogues of thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD) as IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2045-53. [PMID: 15727858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD) analogues T-2'-MeAD (1) and T-3'-MeAD (2) containing, respectively, a methyl group at the ribose 2'-C-, and 3'-C-position of the adenosine moiety, were prepared as potential selective human inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) type II inhibitors. The synthesis of heterodinucleotides was carried out by CDI-catalyzed coupling reaction of unprotected 2'-C-methyl- or 3'-C-methyl-adenosine 5'-monophosphate with 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-tiazofurin 5'-monophosphate, and then deisopropylidenation. Biological evaluation of dinucleotides 1 and 2 as inhibitors of recombinant human IMPDH type I and type II resulted in a good activity. Inhibition of both isoenzymes by T-2'-MeAD and T-3'-MeAD was noncompetitive with respect to NAD substrate. Binding of T-3'-MeAD was comparable to that of parent compound TAD, while T-2'-MeAD proved to be a weaker inhibitor. However, no significant difference was found in inhibition of the IMPDH isoenzymes. T-2'-MeAD and T-3'-MeAD were found to inhibit the growth of K562 cells (IC(50) 30.7 and 65.0muM, respectively).
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12
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Sullivan WJ, Dixon SE, Li C, Striepen B, Queener SF. IMP dehydrogenase from the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:2172-9. [PMID: 15917510 PMCID: PMC1140536 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.6.2172-2179.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii damages fetuses in utero and threatens immunocompromised individuals. The toxicity associated with standard antitoxoplasmal therapies, which target the folate pathway, underscores the importance of examining alternative pharmacological strategies. Parasitic protozoa cannot synthesize purines de novo; consequently, targeting purine salvage enzymes is a plausible pharmacological strategy. Several enzymes critical to purine metabolism have been studied in T. gondii, but IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which catalyzes the conversion of IMP to XMP, has yet to be characterized. Thus, we have cloned the gene encoding this enzyme in T. gondii. Northern blot analysis shows that two IMPDH transcripts are present in T. gondii tachyzoites. The larger transcript contains an open reading frame of 1,656 nucleotides whose deduced protein sequence consists of 551 amino acids (TgIMPDH). The shorter transcript is an alternative splice product that generates a 371-amino-acid protein lacking the active-site flap (TgIMPDH-S). When TgIMPDH is expressed as a recombinant protein fused to a FLAG tag, the fusion protein localizes to the parasite cytoplasm. Immunoprecipitation with anti-FLAG was employed to purify recombinant TgIMPDH, which converts IMP to XMP as expected. Mycophenolic acid is an uncompetitive inhibitor relative to NAD+, with a intercept inhibition constant (Kii) of 0.03+/-0.004 microM. Tiazofurin and its seleno analog were not inhibitory to the purified enzyme, but adenine dinucleotide analogs such as TAD and the nonhydrolyzable beta-methylene derivatives of TAD or SAD were inhibitory, with Kii values 13- to 60-fold higher than that of mycophenolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building Room A-519, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA
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13
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Pankiewicz KW. Inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Batoux NE, Paradisi F, Engel PC, Migaud ME. Novel nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide analogues as selective inhibitors of NAD+-dependent enzymes. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Bottoms CA, Smith PE, Tanner JJ. A structurally conserved water molecule in Rossmann dinucleotide-binding domains. Protein Sci 2002; 11:2125-37. [PMID: 12192068 PMCID: PMC2373605 DOI: 10.1110/ps.0213502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A computational comparison of 102 high-resolution (</=1.90 A) enzyme-dinucleotide (NAD, NADP, FAD) complexes was performed to investigate the role of solvent in dinucleotide recognition by Rossmann fold domains. The typical binding site contains about 9-12 water molecules, and about 30% of the hydrogen bonds between the protein and the dinucleotide are water mediated. Detailed inspection of the structures reveals a structurally conserved water molecule bridging dinucleotides with the well-known glycine-rich phosphate-binding loop. This water molecule displays a conserved hydrogen-bonding pattern. It forms hydrogen bonds to the dinucleotide pyrophosphate, two of the three conserved glycine residues of the phosphate-binding loop, and a residue at the C-terminus of strand four of the Rossmann fold. The conserved water molecule is also present in high-resolution structures of apo enzymes. However, the water molecule is not present in structures displaying significant deviations from the classic Rossmann fold motif, such as having nonstandard topology, containing a very short phosphate-binding loop, or having alpha-helix "A" oriented perpendicular to the beta-sheet. Thus, the conserved water molecule appears to be an inherent structural feature of the classic Rossmann dinucleotide-binding domain.
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16
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Barnes BJ, Izydore RA, Eakin AE, Hall IH. Mechanism of action of the antitumor agents 6-benzoyl-3,3-disubstituted-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-diones: potent inhibitors of human type II inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Int J Cancer 2001; 94:275-81. [PMID: 11668509 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The observation that expression of the IMPDH gene is tightly linked with cellular proliferation and transformation has led to an interest in developing inhibitors that deplete intracellular guanine nucleotide pools. IMPDH exists as 2 isoforms, one of which is induced in tumor cells, type II and thus has led to new interest in this target for the design of isoform-selective anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Several classes of IMPDH inhibitor are now in use or under development; however, only the 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-diones show selectivity for the type II isoform. In the current study, we further evaluated chemical modification of this class to determine the necessary components for selective type II IMPDH inhibition. The 6-benzoyl-3,3-disubstituted-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-diones were effective cytotoxic agents in human leukemias, lymphomas, breast, glioma and HeLa-S3 suspended uterine carcinoma screens with ED(50) values 0.3 to 12 microM. The agents acted as antimetabolites by inhibiting de novo purine biosynthesis at the key regulatory enzyme IMPDH, resulting in suppression of DNA synthesis and dGTP pool levels within 60 min. Furthermore, the derivatives were specific for the type II isoform as opposed to type I, acting in a competitive manner with K(i) values of 5.1 to 63 microM. Addition of the 6-benzoyl moiety to the bicyclic parent ring structure afforded the most potent agent in the novel class of 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-diones that selectively inhibits type II IMPDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Barnes
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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17
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Raffaelli N, Pisani FM, Lorenzi T, Emanuelli M, Amici A, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Nicotinamide-mononucleotide adenylyltransferase from Methanococcus jannaschii. Methods Enzymol 2001; 331:292-8. [PMID: 11265471 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(01)31066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Universita di Ancona, Ancona 60131, Italy
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18
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Mugesh G, du Mont WW, Sies H. Chemistry of biologically important synthetic organoselenium compounds. Chem Rev 2001; 101:2125-79. [PMID: 11710243 DOI: 10.1021/cr000426w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1247] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Mugesh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technischen Universität, Postfach 3329, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Bentley R. Mycophenolic Acid: a one hundred year odyssey from antibiotic to immunosuppressant. Chem Rev 2000; 100:3801-26. [PMID: 11749328 DOI: 10.1021/cr990097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Bentley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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20
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Goldstein BM, Colby TD. Conformational constraints in NAD analogs: implications for dehydrogenase binding and specificity. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 2000; 40:405-26. [PMID: 10828360 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2571(99)00056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B M Goldstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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21
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Abstract
Enzymes bind NAD(+) in extended conformations and yet NAD(+) exists in aqueous solution as a compact, folded molecule. Thus, NAD(+) conformation is environment dependent. In an attempt to investigate the effects of environmental changes on the conformation of NAD(+), a series of molecular dynamics simulations in different solvents was performed. The solvents investigated (water, DMSO, methanol and chloroform) represented changes in relative permittivity and hydrophobic character. The simulations predicted folded conformations of NAD(+) to be more stable in water, DMSO and methanol. In contrast, extended conformations of NAD(+) were observed to be more stable in chloroform. Furthermore, the extended conformations observed in chloroform were similar to conformations of NAD(+) bound to enzymes. In particular, a large separation between the aromatic rings and a strong interaction between the pyrophosphate and nicotinamide groups were observed. The implications of these observations for the recognition of NAD(+) by enzymes is discussed. It is argued that a hydrophobic environment is important for stabilizing unfolded conformations of NAD(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-3702, USA
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