3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridan: uncharged precursor of acriflavine and its unique antimicrobial activity

Design, synthesis and evaluation of small molecule reactive oxygen species generators as selective Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitors

Here, we report 5-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-1,4-ethano-9,10-anthraquinone (13), a small molecule generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pH 7.4 buffer under ambient aerobic conditions that has selective and potent Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibitory activity.

Transient species in the stepwise interconversion of NADH and NAD+

Two mechanisms of the interconversion of NADH and NAD+ in the coenzyme itself and in its analogues are discussed: a one-step hydride transfer and a stepwise electron-proton-electron transfer. Direct characterization of the transient species in the stepwise process and inversion of the stability order of the keto and enol tautomers is presented. The nonenzymatic and enzyme-mediated reactions of selected pyridinium salts that affect the NADH <==>NAD+ equilibrium are discussed in terms of their potential cytotoxicity.

Topical application of NADH for the treatment of rosacea and contact dermatitis

Among many important physiological functions played by NADH (the reduced form of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) its antioxidative properties are remarkable. Acting directly as an antioxidant, NADH can effectively protect the cell and its membrane from destruction by free radicals. NADH can be stabilized as a suspension in hydrophobic ointments prepared in a way that prevents contact with atmosphere containing oxygen and water. We present the first report of NADH as a treatment for some inflammatory dermatoses. It was found that topical application of 1% NADH diluted in Vaseline ointment can be very effective in the treatment of rosacea and contact dermatitis. Since no adverse effects were observed, therapy with NADH can be viewed as a potential alternative to other established treatments.

Genotoxicity assessment of new synthesized acridine derivative--3,6-diamino-10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine

A new synthesized acridine derivative, 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine (AcrH), was tested for in vitro reverse mutations with Salmonella TA strains, chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in human lymphocytes, and for in vivo chromosome aberrations in bone marrow of mice. Using the classic plate incorporation method, mutagenicity of AcrH in bacterial cells (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102) was observed in the experiments performed with, and without, rat liver S9 metabolic activation. The reverse mutation assay showed no difference in mutagenic activity between AcrH and acriflavine (Acr(+)) in the test with TA97. The results of in vitro chromosome aberrations assay revealed potential clastogenicity. The test using macroculture of human lymphocytes induced mainly chromatid gaps. The experiments with human lymphocytes revealed SCE-inducing effect of AcrH and Acr(+). In an in vivo study, AcrH given intraperitoneally to Balb/c mice did not cause any significant increase in the percentage of cells with aberrations compared to the negative control.