1
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Shuto S. [Medicinal Chemical Studies Based on the Theoretical Design of Bioactive Compounds]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:329-344. [PMID: 32115550 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
I have engaged in medicinal chemical studies based on the theoretical design of bioactive compounds. First, I present a three-dimensional structural diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy for developing bioactive compounds based on the characteristic steric and stereoelectronic features of cyclopropane. Using this strategy, various biologically active small molecule compounds, such as receptor agonists/antagonists and enzyme inhibitors, were effectively developed. The strategy was also applied to develop versatile peptidomimetics and membrane-permeable cyclic peptides. Next, studies on Ca2+-mobilizing second messengers, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and myo-inositol trisphosphates (IP3), are described. In these studies, stable equivalents of cADPR were developed, since biological studies of cADPR have been limited due to its instability. Various potent IP3 receptor ligands, which were designed using the d-glucose structure as a bioisostere of the myo-inositol moiety of IP3, have been identified. Organic chemistry studies have also been extensively performed, because excellent organic chemistry is essential for promoting high-level medicinal chemical studies. For examples, new methods for the synthesis of chiral cyclopropanes, new radical reactions with silicon tethers, and kinetic anomeric effect-dependent stereoselective glycosidations have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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2
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Watanabe M, Kobayashi T, Ito Y, Yamada S, Shuto S. Conformational Restriction of Histamine with a Rigid Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Scaffold Provided Selective H 3 Receptor Ligands. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163562. [PMID: 32764432 PMCID: PMC7463632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesized conformationally rigid histamine analogues with a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold. All the compounds were selectively bound to the H3 receptor subtype over the H4 receptor subtype. Notably, compound 7 showed potent binding affinity and over 100-fold selectivity for the H3 receptors (Ki = 5.6 nM for H3 and 602 nM for H4). These results suggest that the conformationally rigid bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane structure can be a useful scaffold for developing potent ligands selective for the target biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060–0812, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060–0812, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Ito
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422–8526, Japan; (Y.I.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422–8526, Japan; (Y.I.); (S.Y.)
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060–0812, Japan;
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060–0812, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (S.S.)
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3
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Palladium-catalyzed α-arylation for the addition of small rings to aromatic compounds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4083. [PMID: 31501444 PMCID: PMC6733931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small, strained rings have rigid, defined conformations and unique electronic properties. For these reasons, many groups seek to use these subunits to form biologically active molecules. We report a generally applicable approach to attach small rings to a wide range of aromatic compounds by palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and azetidinyl esters. The direct α-arylation of cyclopropyl esters and cyclobutyl esters is achieved in high yield by ensuring that the rate of coupling exceeds the rate of Claisen condensation. The α-arylation of azetidines is achieved without ring opening of the strained saturated heterocycle by conducting the reactions with an azetidine derivative bearing a benzyl protecting group on nitrogen. Mechanistic studies show that the α-arylation of small rings is challenging because of the weak acidity of α C-H bond (cyclopropanes), strong sensitivity of the strained esters to Claisen condensation (cyclobutatanes), or facile decomposition of the enolates (azetidinyl esters). Methods to prepare small, strained rings are sought after due to the importance of such scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors report a palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and azetidinyl esters.
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4
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An Efficient Synthesis of Milnacipran Hydrochloride via Reductive Amination of Aldehyde. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5385843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of milnacipran hydrochloride has been accomplished. The important application of this paper is the reductive amination of aldehyde to primary amine with water soluble reagents. This method provides a high yield of primary amine as the major product, reduces the number of steps, and discourages by-products.
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5
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Hoshiya N, Takenaka K, Shuto S, Uenishi J. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Alkylation of Tertiary Carbon via Directing-Group-Mediated C(sp3)–H Activation: Synthesis of Chiral 1,1,2-Trialkyl Substituted Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2015; 18:48-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hoshiya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kei Takenaka
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Center
for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi
6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jun’ichi Uenishi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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6
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Yotsuji K, Hoshiya N, Kobayashi T, Fukuda H, Abe H, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of a Tertiary Iodocyclopropane with Wide Boronic Acid Substrate Scope: Coupling Reaction Outcome Depends on Radical Species Stability. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Hoshiya N, Kobayashi T, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Cyclopropanes via Directing Group-Mediated C(sp3)–H Bond Activation To Construct Quaternary Carbon Centers: Synthesis of cis- and trans-1,1,2-Trisubstituted Chiral Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2013; 15:6202-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hoshiya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Research and Education on Drug Development, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Research and Education on Drug Development, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Research and Education on Drug Development, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Research and Education on Drug Development, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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8
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Kawamura S, Unno Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki T, Yamano A, Hirokawa T, Kameda T, Asai A, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Investigation of the Noncovalent Binding Mode of Covalent Proteasome Inhibitors around the Transition State by Combined Use of Cyclopropylic Strain-Based Conformational Restriction and Computational Modeling. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5829-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuka Unno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takuma Sasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku,
Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamano
- Rigaku Corporation, X-ray Institute, 3-9-12
Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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9
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Kawamura S, Unno Y, Asai A, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Design and synthesis of the stabilized analogs of belactosin A with the unnatural cis-cyclopropane structure. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6615-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Marks DM, Pae CU, Patkar AA. Triple reuptake inhibitors: the next generation of antidepressants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:338-43. [PMID: 19587855 PMCID: PMC2701280 DOI: 10.2174/157015908787386078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has been associated with impaired neurotransmission of serotonergic, norepinephrinergic, and dopaminergic pathways, although most pharmacologic treatment strategies for depression enhance only serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission. Current drug development efforts are aimed at a new class of antidepressants which inhibit the reuptake of all three neurotransmitters in the hope of creating medications with broader efficacy and/or quicker onset of action. The current review explores limitations of presently available antidepressants and the history and premise behind the movement to devise triple reuptake inhibitors. The evidence for and against the claim that broader spectrum agents are more efficacious is discussed. Examples of triple reuptake inhibitors in development are compared, and preclinical and clinical research with these agents to date is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Marks
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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12
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Watanabe M, Hirokawa T, Kobayashi T, Yoshida A, Ito Y, Yamada S, Orimoto N, Yamasaki Y, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Investigation of the Bioactive Conformation of Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists by the Cyclopropylic Strain-Based Conformational Restriction Strategy. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3585-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901848b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynammics and Global Center of Excellence (COE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynammics and Global Center of Excellence (COE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynammics and Global Center of Excellence (COE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoki Orimoto
- Hanno Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Misugidai, Hanno 357-8527, Japan
| | - Yasundo Yamasaki
- Hanno Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Misugidai, Hanno 357-8527, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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13
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Yamaguchi K, Kazuta Y, Hirano K, Yamada S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Synthesis of 1-arylpiperazyl-2-phenylcyclopropanes designed as antidopaminergic agents: Cyclopropane-based conformationally restricted analogs of haloperidol. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8875-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
On the horizon there is a new class of psychoactive medications which work by inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. There are multiple potential indications for these drugs. Research suggests that they may have a role in treating depressive disorders, and it is plausible they may have potential efficacy in obesity, addiction, and pain syndromes. The current review describes some of the molecules in development presently and explores the research relevant to possible clinical uses for this class of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Marks
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ashwin A. Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Chen C, Dyck B, Fleck BA, Foster AC, Grey J, Jovic F, Mesleh M, Phan K, Tamiya J, Vickers T, Zhang M. Studies on the SAR and pharmacophore of milnacipran derivatives as monoamine transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1346-9. [PMID: 18207394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of milnacipran were synthesized and studied as monoamine transporter inhibitors. Potent analogs were discovered at NET (9k) and at both NET and SERT (9s and 9u). A pharmacophore model was established based on the conformational analysis of milnacipran in aqueous solution using NMR techniques and was consistent with the SAR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Bioscience, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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Brackmann F, de Meijere A. Natural Occurrence, Syntheses, and Applications of Cyclopropyl-Group-Containing α-Amino Acids. 2. 3,4- and 4,5-Methanoamino Acids. Chem Rev 2007; 107:4538-83. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0784083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farina Brackmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Giri R, Wasa M, Breazzano SP, Yu JQ. Converting gem-dimethyl groups into cyclopropanes via Pd-catalyzed sequential C-H activation and radical cyclization. Org Lett 2007; 8:5685-8. [PMID: 17134247 DOI: 10.1021/ol0618858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel route to the synthesis of cyclopropane derivatives is described. 1,1-Dimethyls in 2-(1,1-dimethylalkyl)dimethyloxazolines are first converted into 1,3-diiodide derivatives via Pd-catalyzed sequential C-H activation and then radically cyclized to provide 2-(1-alkylcylclopropyl)dimethyloxazolines. The use of EtOAc as a solvent is crucial for the diiodination of the functionalized substrates. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry MS015, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
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Roggen H, Kehler J, Stensbøl TB, Hansen T. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure milnacipran analogs and inhibition of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2834-7. [PMID: 17350257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of Milnacipran analogs with variation in the aromatic moiety were prepared in high enantiomeric excess. Structure-activity relationships for two parallel enantiomeric series are described. The (-)-(1R,2S)-naphthyl analog (8h) showed the highest potency in the two series and is a triple reuptake inhibitor of the SERT, NET, and DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Roggen
- University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, Sem Saelands vei 26, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Watanabe M, Kazuta Y, Hayashi H, Yamada S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Stereochemical Diversity-Oriented Conformational Restriction Strategy. Development of Potent Histamine H3 and/or H4 Receptor Antagonists with an Imidazolylcyclopropane Structure. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5587-96. [PMID: 16942032 DOI: 10.1021/jm0603318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy can be an efficient method for developing specific ligands for drug target proteins, especially in cases where neither the bioactive conformation nor the pharmacophore is known. To develop potent H3 and H4 receptor antagonists, a series of conformationally restricted analogues of histamine with a chiral cis- or trans-cyclopropane structure were designed on the basis of this strategy. These target compounds with stereochemical diversity were synthesized from the versatile chiral cyclopropane units (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (6 and 7, respectively) or their enantiomers ent-6 and ent-7. Pharmacological profiles of these conformationally restricted analogues were shown to be different depending on the cyclopropane backbones. Among the analogues, (1R,2S)-2-[2-(4-chlorobenzylamino)ethyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (11a) with the (1R)-trans-cyclopropane structure has remarkable antagonistic activity to both the H3 (Ki = 8.4 nM) and H4 (Ki = 7.6 nM) receptors. The enantiomer of 11a, i.e., ent-11a, with the (1S)-trans-cyclopropane structure turned out to be a highly potent and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 3.6 nM. Conversely, (1R,2R)-2-[(4-chlorobenzylamino)methyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (10a) with the (1R)-trans structure was selective for the H4 receptor (Ki = 118 nM) compared to the H3 receptor (Ki > 10(3) nM). Thus, a variety of compounds with different pharmacological profiles have been developed. These results show that when the structure of the target protein is unknown, the stereochemical diversity-oriented approach can be a powerful strategy in medicinal chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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20
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Doláková P, Holý A, Zídek Z, Masojídková M, Kmoníčková E. Synthesis and immunobiological activity of base substituted 2-amino-3-(purin-9-yl)propanoic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2349-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kazuta Y, Abe H, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Highly Stereoselective Grignard Addition to Cis-Substituted C-Cyclopropylaldonitrones. The Bisected s-Trans Transition State Can Be Stabilized Effectively by the Lewis Acid-Coordination. J Org Chem 2004; 69:9143-50. [PMID: 15609948 DOI: 10.1021/jo048637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that Grignard addition to a C-cyclopropylaldonitrone, C-[cis-2-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)-trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl]-N-benzylaldonitrone (1), stereoselectively gave the anti-product 3, in which the stereoselectivity was particularly high when MgBr(2) was the additive. In this study, the reaction pathway was investigated in detail. The stereoselective addition was initially thought to occur via either a 1,5-chelation-controlled or a bisected s-trans conformation-controlled pathway. However, Grignard addition to a nonchelating silyl ether-type substrate, C-[cis-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl]-N-benzylaldonitrone (7), also gave the anti-product 9 with high stereoselectivity suggesting that chelation is not important in the reaction. Theoretical calculations of C-cyclopropylaldonitrones showed that the coordination of Mg(2+) at the nitrone oxygen significantly stabilizes the bisected s-trans conformer due to the effective hyperconjugation between the pi* of the nitrone C=N bond and the electron-donating cyclopropane orbitals. This kind of orbital interaction is able to stabilize the transition state of the nucleophilic addition and is maximized in the bisected conformation, in which the orbitals of the forming bond and the cyclopropane C-C bond are in an almost planar arrangement. Thus, the high stereoselectivity can be explained by nucleophilic attack on the less hindered side of the C=N bond of the substrates in the Mg(2+)-coordinated bisected s-trans conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Ueta K, Suzuki T, Uchida I, Mashimo T. In vitro inhibition of recombinant ligand-gated ion channels by high concentrations of milnacipran. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 175:241-6. [PMID: 14997275 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-1808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tricyclic antidepressants are known to inhibit various ligand-gated ion-channel (LGIC) receptors, and some of their clinical features may be associated with this activity. The effects of milnacipran, a selective inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, on LGIC receptors have not yet been investigated on such ion-channel receptors. OBJECTIVES To determine the in vitro effect of milnacipran on four recombinant LGIC receptors, nicotinic acetylcholine, N-methyl-D-aspartate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine3A receptors. METHODS Receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and LGIC activity measured using a two-voltage clamp technique. RESULTS There was no interaction at the GABA receptor. The results at the other LGIC receptors showed that they could be inhibited by high concentrations of milnacipran. CONCLUSIONS At high concentrations, milnacipran can inhibit certain LGICs. It is, however, unlikely that these interactions have any clinical consequence under normal therapeutic conditions, since the concentrations required are considerably higher than those achieved in plasma of treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Ueta
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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23
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The unusual 1,4-chelation-controlled nucleophilic addition to aldehydes with high stereoselectivity. A systematic study of stereoselectivity in the addition reaction of carbon nucleophiles to cis-substituted cyclopropanecarbaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Kazuta Y, Hirano K, Natsume K, Yamada S, Kimura R, Matsumoto SI, Furuichi K, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Cyclopropane-based conformational restriction of histamine. (1S,2S)-2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane, a highly selective agonist for the histamine H3 receptor, having a cis-cyclopropane structure. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1980-8. [PMID: 12723960 DOI: 10.1021/jm020415q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclopropane-based conformationally restricted analogues of histamine, the "folded" cis-analogues, i.e., (1S,2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (11), (1S,2S)-2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (13), and their enantiomers ent-11 and ent-13, and the "extended" trans-analogues, i.e., (1R,2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (12) and its enantiomer ent-12, were designed as histamine H(3) receptor agonists. These target compounds were synthesized from the versatile chiral cyclopropane units, (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (14 and 15, respectively) or their enantiomers ent-14 and ent-15. Among the conformationally restricted analogues, the "folded" analogue 13 (AEIC) having the cis-cyclopropane structure was identified as a potent H(3) receptor agonist, which showed a significant binding affinity (K(i) = 1.31 +/- 0.16 nM) and had an agonist effect (EC(50) value of 10 +/- 3 nM) on the receptor. This compound owes its importance to being the first highly selective H(3) receptor agonist to have virtually no effect on the H(4) subtype receptor. These studies showed that the cis-cyclopropane structure is very effective in the conformational restriction of histamine to improve the specific binding to the histamine H(3) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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25
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Kazuta Y, Abe H, Yamamoto T, Matsuda A, Shuto S. A systematic study of the hydride reduction of cyclopropyl ketones with structurally simplified substrates. highly stereoselective reductions of trans-substituted cyclopropyl ketones via the bisected s-cis conformation. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3511-21. [PMID: 12713354 DOI: 10.1021/jo030019v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective hydride reduction of the cis- and trans-substituted cyclopropyl ketones was systematically investigated using a series of structurally simplified substrates, trans-[tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl]cyclopropyl ketones 1a-e and trans-(benzyloxymethyl)cyclopropyl methyl ketone (2), and the corresponding cis congeners 3a,b,e and 4. The results showed that, not only in the reduction of the cis-substituted cyclopropyl ketones but also in that of the trans-substituted ketones, high stereoselectivity can be realized when the substrate has a bulky substituent on the cyclopropane ring, even though it is attached to the position trans to the acyl moiety. Ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) of cyclopropyl ketones showed that (1) the bisected s-cis and s-trans conformers were the only two minimum energy conformers, while the s-cis conformer was more stable than the s-trans and (2) a bulky alkyl group in the acyl moiety and a cis substituent on the cyclopropane ring made the bisected s-cis conformer much more stable. On the basis of these calculations and experimental results, it is likely that the more stable the bisected s-cis conformer of the substrate, the more stereoselective the hydride reduction. Thus, the stereochemistry can be explained by hydride attack on the bisected s-cis conformation of the substrate from the less-hindered face. The predictability of the stereochemical results is predicated on the bisected s-cis transition-state model, which is very important from the viewpoint of synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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26
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Lebel H, Marcoux JF, Molinaro C, Charette AB. Stereoselective cyclopropanation reactions. Chem Rev 2003; 103:977-1050. [PMID: 12683775 DOI: 10.1021/cr010007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1428] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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27
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Wipf P, Kendall C, Stephenson CRJ. Dimethylzinc-mediated additions of alkenylzirconocenes to aldimines. New methodologies for allylic amine and C-cyclopropylalkylamine syntheses. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:761-8. [PMID: 12526676 DOI: 10.1021/ja028092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrozirconation of alkynes with zirconocene hydrochloride followed by in situ transmetalation to dimethylzinc provides access to reactive alkenyl organometallic reagents from readily available precursors. Upon addition of imines, 1,2-attack leads to synthetically useful allylic amine building blocks. In the presence of CH(2)I(2) or CH(2)Cl(2), the N-metalated allylic amide intermediate is cyclopropanated and C-cyclopropylalkylamines are formed in high yield and excellent diastereoselectivities favoring the anti products. The use of enynes as starting materials for this domino reaction provides conjugated biscyclopropanes and thus allows the stereoselective formation of five new carbon-carbon bonds. A transition state that explains the need for both zirconocene complex and alkyl zinc in the cyclopropanation reaction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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28
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Kazuta Y, Tsujita R, Yamashita K, Uchino S, Kohsaka S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Synthesis of derivatives of (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC) modified at the 1-aromatic moiety as novel NMDA receptor antagonists: the aromatic group is essential for the activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3829-48. [PMID: 12413836 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(1S,2R)-1-Phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC, 4a), which is a conformationally restricted analogue of antidepressant milnacipran [(+/-)-1], is a new class of potent noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists. A series of PPDC analogues modified at the 1-phenyl moiety, that is, the analogue 6 lacking 1-phenyl group, the 1-(fluorophenyl) analogues 4b,c,d, the 1-(methylphenyl) analogues 4e-g and the 1-(naphthyl) analogues 4h,i were synthesized. Analogue 6, lacking the 1-phenyl group, was completely inactive showing that the aromatic moiety is essential for the NMDA receptor binding. Among the analogues synthesized, the 1-o-fluorophenyl and 1-m-fluorophenyl analogues 4b and 4c showed potent affinities for the NMDA receptor [IC(50)=0.16+/-0.001 microM (4b), 0.15+/-0.02 microM (4c)], which were improved to some extent compared to those of the parent compound PPDC (IC(50)=0.20+/-0.02 microM). On the other hand, compounds 4b and 4c showed none of the 5-HT-uptake inhibitory effect, while PPDC turned out to be a weak 5-HT-uptake inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Blanchet J, Bonin M, Micouin L. RECENT PROGRESS IN THE ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF α-SUBSTITUTED PROPARGYLAMINES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940209355765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Ono S, Ogawa K, Yamashita K, Yamamoto T, Kazuta Y, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Conformational analysis of the NMDA receptor antagonist (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC) designed by a novel conformational restriction method based on the structural feature of cyclopropane ring. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:966-8. [PMID: 12130856 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (2b, PPDC), a new class of potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, was designed based on a new method for restricting the conformation of compounds having a cyclopropane ring. The three-dimensional structures of PPDC obtained by the three different methods of X-ray crystallographic analysis, usual MM2-calculations in vacuum, and MM2 calculations based on the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) data in D2O are similar, which are in accord with that hypothesized. These results suggest that this conformational restriction method is particularly effective in designing novel biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizuka Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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The Nicholas reaction: the use of dicobalt hexacarbonyl-stabilised propargylic cations in synthesis. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Kazuta Y, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Development of versatile cis- and trans-dicarbon-substituted chiral cyclopropane units: synthesis of (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-aminomethyl-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropanes and their enantiomers as conformationally restricted analogues of histamine. J Org Chem 2002; 67:1669-77. [PMID: 11871901 DOI: 10.1021/jo010852x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cyclopropane ring can be used effectively in restricting the conformation of biologically active compounds to improve activity and also to investigate bioactive conformations. We designed (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-aminomethyl-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropanes (1 and 2, respectively) and their enantiomers (ent-1 and ent-2) as conformationally restricted analogues of histamine. The four types of chiral cyclopropanes bearing two differentially functionalized carbon substituents in a cis or trans relationship on a cyclopropane ring, (1S,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (7) and (1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (8) and their enantiomers (ent-7 and ent-8), were developed as the key intermediates for synthesizing 1, 2, ent-1, and ent-2. The reaction between (R)-epichlorohydrin [(R)-12] and phenylsulfonylacetonitrile (13a) in the presence of NaOEt in EtOH followed by treatment with acid gave the chiral cyclopropane lactone 11a with 98% ee in 82% yield. Compound 11a was converted into both the cis- and trans-chiral cyclopropane units 7 and 8, respectively, via reductive desulfonylation with Mg/MeOH as the key step. The corresponding enantiomers, the cis-substituted ent-7 and the trans-substituted ent-8, were also prepared starting from (S)-epichlorohydrin [(S)-12]. The four conformationally restricted target histamine analogues 1, 2, ent-1, and ent-2 were successfully synthesized from 7, 8, ent-7, and ent-8, respectively. The chiral cyclopropane units 7, 8, ent-7, and ent-8 should be useful as versatile intermediates for synthesizing various compounds having an asymmetric cyclopropane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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33
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Shuto S, Yoshii K, Matsuda A. (1S,2R)-1-Phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC), a new class of NMDA-receptor antagonist: molecular design by a novel conformational restriction strategy. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2001; 85:207-13. [PMID: 11325012 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.85.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have found that milnacipran, a clinically useful antidepressant due to its inhibition of the re-uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline, is also a non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist. Based on the cyclopropane structure of milnacipran, conformationally restricted analogs were designed and synthesized. Of these analogs, (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC) is 30-fold stronger than milnacipran as an NMDA-receptor antagonist with virtually no inhibitory effect on the neurotransmitter re-uptake. PPDC was identified as a new class of NMDA-receptor antagonist because it has a mode of action different from that of the previous antagonists; it selectivly binds the GluRepsilon3/GluRzeta1 and GluRepsilon4/GluRzeta1 subtype receptors in an agonist-independent allosteric manner. Functional assays of PPDC with the Xenopus oocytes system and cultured mouse neurons under voltage-clamp conditions confirmed that it acts as a potent NMDA-receptor antagonist. PPDC effectively protected against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in both cultured mouse cerebral cortex and delayed neuronal death in a gerbil ischemic model. It was also active in a reserpine-treated mouse Parkinsons disease model. Thus, PPDC may be a candidate for a clinically useful NMDA-receptor antagonist, since the development of previous NMDA-receptor antagonists as drugs has been hindered by various undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shuto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Kazuta Y, Shuto S, Matsuda A. Highly stereoselective addition of Grignard reagents to C-cyclopropylnitrone via the bisected s-trans conformation. An efficient synthesis of PEDC, a potent NMDA receptor antagonist having a cyclopropane structure. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Electrosynthesis of alpha-arylated beta-substituted cyclopropylphosphonates. Synthesis of a phosphonic analogue of minalcipran. Org Lett 2000; 2:453-5. [PMID: 10814349 DOI: 10.1021/ol991301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The synthesis of alpha-arylated beta-substituted cyclopropylphosphonates was efficiently achieved by electroreduction of diethyl alpha,alpha-dichlorobenzylphosphonate in the presence of Michael acceptors in a one-compartment cell equipped with a magnesium sacrificial anode.
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