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Maestro MA, Seoane S. The Centennial Collection of VDR Ligands: Metabolites, Analogs, Hybrids and Non-Secosteroidal Ligands. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224927. [PMID: 36432615 PMCID: PMC9692999 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vitamin D a century ago, a great number of metabolites, analogs, hybrids and nonsteroidal VDR ligands have been developed. An enormous effort has been made to synthesize compounds which present beneficial properties while attaining lower calcium serum levels than calcitriol. This structural review covers VDR ligands published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry-CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15005 Santiago, Spain
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2
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The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of D-Ring-Modified Vitamin D Analogues. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111639. [PMID: 34827637 PMCID: PMC8615411 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D3 structure consists of the A-ring, a linker originating from the B-ring, C-ring, D-ring, and side-chain moieties. Each unit has its unique role in expressing the biological activities of vitamin D3. Many efforts have been made to date to assess the possible clinical use of vitamin D. Some organic chemists focused on the D-ring structure of vitamin D and synthesized D-ring-modified vitamin D analogues, and their biological activities were studied. This review summarizes the synthetic methodologies of D-ring-modified vitamin D analogues, except for seco-D, and their preliminary biological profiles.
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3
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Kang L, Wang F, Zhang J, Yang H, Xia C, Qian J, Jiang G. High Chemo-/Stereoselectivity for Synthesis of Polysubstituted Monofluorinated Pyrimidyl Enol Ether Derivatives. Org Lett 2021; 23:1669-1674. [PMID: 33599505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel intramolecular Smiles rearrangement of α-fluoro-β-keto-pyrimidylsulfones (usually used as a carbon nucleophile) was developed, providing a versatile avenue for synthesis of tri/tetra-substituted monofluorinated pyrimidyl enol ethers. Among these, diverse (Z)-monofluorovinylsulfones and sulfinates were efficiently assembled by adding extra electrophile and fine-tuning reaction conditions. The process is triggered by a keto-enol tautomerism from enol oxyanion to pyrimidine 2-carbon, completely different from the classical carbon nucleophilic addition reaction approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huameng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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4
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Mäder P, Kattner L. Sulfoximines as Rising Stars in Modern Drug Discovery? Current Status and Perspective on an Emerging Functional Group in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14243-14275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mäder
- Endotherm GmbH, Science Park 2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Lars Kattner
- Endotherm GmbH, Science Park 2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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5
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Sigüeiro R, Maestro MA, Mouriño A. Synthesis of Side-Chain Locked Analogs of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Bearing a C17 Methyl Group. Org Lett 2018; 20:2641-2644. [PMID: 29652161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of side-chain locked vitamin D analogs 3 and 4, which bind strongly in silico to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), is described. The synthetic approach features an SN2'- syn displacement of carbamates by cuprates to set the challenging quaternary stereogenic center at C17 and a Pd-catalyzed construction of the triene system in the presence of a diyne moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sigüeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación Ignacio Ribas , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Avda das Ciencias s/n , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Miguel A Maestro
- Departamento de Química-CICA , Universidad de A Coruña , Campus da Zapateira s/n , 15701 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación Ignacio Ribas , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Avda das Ciencias s/n , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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6
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Chiellini G, Rapposelli S, Nesi G, Sestito S, Sabatini M, Zhu J, Massarelli I, Plum LA, Clagett‐Dame M, DeLuca HF. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyclopropylamine Vitamin D‐Like CYP24A1 Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Chiellini
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 433 Babcock Drive Madison WI 53706
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Area Critica Universita' di Pisa via Roma 55 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Universita' di Pisa via Bonanno 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Giulia Nesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Universita' di Pisa via Bonanno 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Universita' di Pisa via Bonanno 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Martina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Area Critica Universita' di Pisa via Roma 55 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Jinge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 433 Babcock Drive Madison WI 53706
| | | | - Lori A. Plum
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 433 Babcock Drive Madison WI 53706
| | - Margaret Clagett‐Dame
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 433 Babcock Drive Madison WI 53706
| | - Hector F. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 433 Babcock Drive Madison WI 53706
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7
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Flores A, Massarelli I, Thoden JB, Plum LA, DeLuca HF. A Methylene Group on C-2 of 24,24-Difluoro-19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Markedly Increases Bone Calcium Mobilization in Vivo. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9731-41. [PMID: 26630444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four side chain fluorinated analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D have been prepared in convergent syntheses using the Wittig-Horner reaction as a key step. Structures and absolute configurations of analogues 3 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All analogues showed high potency in HL-60 cell differentiation and vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) transcription as compared to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1). Most important is that all of the 20S-configured derivatives (4 and 6) had high bone mobilizing activity in vivo. However, in the 20R series, a 2-methylene group was required for high bone mobilizing activity. A change in positioning of the 20R molecule in the vitamin D receptor when the 2-methylene group is present may provide new insight into the molecular basis of bone calcium mobilization induced by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Ilaria Massarelli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali , Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - James B Thoden
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
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8
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Ferla S, Aboraia AS, Brancale A, Pepper CJ, Zhu J, Ochalek JT, DeLuca HF, Simons C. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-24-Hydroxylase (CYP24A1): Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7702-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ferla
- Medicinal
Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Ahmed S. Aboraia
- Medicinal
Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Medicinal
Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Pepper
- Department
of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - Jinge Zhu
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Justin T. Ochalek
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Hector F. DeLuca
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Claire Simons
- Medicinal
Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
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9
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Posner GH, Helvig C, Cuerrier D, Collop D, Kharebov A, Ryder K, Epps T, Petkovich M. Vitamin D analogues targeting CYP24 in chronic kidney disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:13-9. [PMID: 20347976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24) plays a critical role in regulating levels of vitamin D hormone. Aberrant expression of CYP24 has been implicated in vitamin D insufficiency and resistance to vitamin D therapy. We have demonstrated amplified CYP24 expression in uremic rats, suggesting that CYP24 has an etiological role in vitamin D insufficiency commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have designed two new analogues of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25(OH)2D3), namely CTA091 and CTA018/MT2832, which are potent inhibitors of CYP24. In vitro studies with CTA091 show that it enhances the potency of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. In vivo studies demonstrate that CTA091 decreases serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels and increases circulating 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. CTA091 increases both Cmax and AUC of co-administered 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. These studies indicate that CYP24 inhibition can increase cellular responsiveness to vitamin D hormone and potentiate vitamin D therapy. CTA018/MT2832 differs from CTA091 in that it also has the ability to activate vitamin D receptor-mediated transcription. CTA018/MT2832 effectively suppresses elevated iPTH secretion at doses which do not affect serum calcium or phosphorus levels in a rodent model of CKD. Studies with both new analogues underscore the potential utility of CYP24 inhibition in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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10
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Mikami K, Fujita K, Wakabayashi K, Ito S. [2,3] Wittig Rearrangement of β’-Hydroxyethyl Bis-Allylic Ethers: Highly Regiospecific Entry to Singly Dehydroxylated 19-Nor-1(or 3),25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Usera AR, Dolan P, Kensler TW, Posner GH. 'Novel alkyl side chain sulfone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogs: a comparison of in vitro antiproliferative activities and in vivo calcemic activities'. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5627-31. [PMID: 19577932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of a t-butyl group with a trifluoromethyl group has profound effects on the biological profile of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) sulfone analogs. Investigation of whether the improved biological activities are due to steric and electronic factors of the trifluoromethyl group led to the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of two analogous alkyl sulfone molecules, methyl sulfone (AU-16-ene-25-SO(2)-CH(3)) and isopropyl sulfone (AU-16-ene-25-SO(2)-i-Pr). These alkyl sulfones are sterically comparable to, but electronically very different from a trifluoromethyl group. The syntheses, antiproliferative activities and calcemic activities of these new alkyl sulfones are presented herein. In comparing the in vitro antiproliferative profiles of the new alkyl sulfone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogs with the trifluoromethylsulfone and an analogous t-butyl sulfone, the activities increase in the following order: CH(3) < t-Bu approximately = i-Pr < CF(3). In contrast to the calcemic t-butyl sulfone, the novel alkyl sulfones and trifluoromethyl sulfone display desirable low calcemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee R Usera
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
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12
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Jeon HB, Posner GH. New A-ring analogs of the hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: (2′-hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuro[1,2-a]-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Usera AR, Dolan PM, Kensler TW, Posner GH. Antiproliferative, low-calcemic, fluorinated sulfone analogs of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: chemical synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5509-18. [PMID: 17560112 PMCID: PMC2586064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel fluorinated sulfone analogs of the hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) have been designed and synthesized in order to study the biological effects of fluorine incorporation at the terminus of the C,D-ring side chain. Although biologically active 26,27-hexafluorinated 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogs have been synthesized previously, this investigation reports the first successful fluorinated series in which trifluoromethyl sulfone analogs present a favorable biological profile. This study shows that two new analogs featuring incorporation of a synthetically simple single trifluoromethyl sulfone group have significantly increased antiproliferative activity while causing desirably low in vivo calciuria relative to that of calcitriol. Incorporation of additional fluorines, as in a perfluorobutyl analog, results in a loss of antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee R. Usera
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Patrick M. Dolan
- Division of Toxicology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Division of Toxicology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Gary H. Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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14
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Usera AR, Posner GH. Unexpected Steric Effects of “Remote” Alkyl Groups on the Rate of Conjugate Additions to Alkyl α,β-Ethylenic Sulfones, Sulfoxides, and Esters. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2329-34. [PMID: 17341116 DOI: 10.1021/jo062155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Examination of conjugated ethylenic sulfones, sulfoxides, and esters in Michael-type addition reactions reveals, for the first time, that the size of the heteroatom-attached alkyl group affects the rate of conjugate addition. Molecular modeling strongly suggests that what are generally considered to be "remote" alkyl groups in -CbetaH=CalphaHS(O)n-alkyl systems and -CH2CbetaH=CalphaHCOO-alkyl systems are actually not remote from the beta-carbon atom of the Michael accepting unit. Molecular modeling clearly shows that the alkyl groups in these Michael acceptors shield the beta-carbons in the following order: Et<i-Pr<t-Bu. Competition experiments establish the relative rates of Michael additions to be in the following order: Et>i-Pr>t-Bu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee R Usera
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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15
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Sundaram S, Beckman MJ, Bajwa A, Wei J, Smith KM, Posner GH, Gewirtz DA. QW-1624F2-2, a synthetic analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, enhances the response to other deltanoids and suppresses the invasiveness of human metastatic breast tumor cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 5:2806-14. [PMID: 17121927 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 24-hydroxylase, also known as CYP24, metabolizes 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] and is an established marker of vitamin D activity. Our studies evaluated the influence of a low-calcemic 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogue, QW-1624F2-2 (QW), on the regulation of CYP24 expression in MKL-4 cells, a metastatic mammary tumor cell model. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its analogue, EB 1089, stimulated CYP24 induction at both protein and transcript levels. In contrast, QW failed to produce a sustained stimulation of CYP24, due, in large part, to a reduction in the stability of the CYP24 message. QW enhanced the capacity of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and EB 1089 to inhibit tumor cell proliferation by approximately 2-fold. QW also blocked the sustained induction of CYP24 expression by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and EB 1089, increased the potency of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and EB 1089, and inhibited breast tumor cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Sundaram
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, HB 7850, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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17
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Posner GH, Lee SHT, Kim HJ, Peleg S, Dolan P, Kensler TW. Novel A-ring analogs of the hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2959-66. [PMID: 15781405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prepared from a commercial prostaglandin building block, novel vitamin D3 analogs with a contracted five-membered A-ring were designed and synthesized to mimic the A-ring diol structure of the natural hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Prepared from commercial 1,4-cyclohexanedione, a structurally simplified analog was designed and synthesized in which a suitably oriented primary allylic hydroxyl group at the C-2 position might be a surrogate for the biologically important 1alpha-OH in the natural hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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19
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Posner GH, Crawford KR, Yang HW, Kahraman M, Jeon HB, Li H, Lee JK, Suh BC, Hatcher MA, Labonte T, Usera A, Dolan PM, Kensler TW, Peleg S, Jones G, Zhang A, Korczak B, Saha U, Chuang SS. Potent, low-calcemic, selective inhibitors of CYP24 hydroxylase: 24-sulfone analogs of the hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 89-90:5-12. [PMID: 15225738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The new 24-phenylsulfone 4a, a low-calcemic analog of the natural hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), is a potent (IC(50) = 28nM) and highly selective inhibitor of the human 24-hydroxylase enzyme CYP24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA.
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20
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Posner GH, Woodard BT, Crawford KR, Peleg S, Brown AJ, Dolan P, Kensler TW. 2,2-Disubstituted analogues of the natural hormone 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3): chemistry and biology. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2353-65. [PMID: 11983533 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Six new 2,2-disubstituted analogues of the natural hormone calcitriol have been prepared. Chemical novelty includes (1) the first example of an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition using a pyrone diene and a difluorinated vinyl ether dienophile, leading to difluorinated analogues 7 and (2) a conceptually streamlined approach to dimethylated 19-nor analogues. Analogues 7a and are similar to calcitriol in terms of in vitro antiproliferative activity, but they are different from calcitriol in terms of transcriptional activity: difluorinated analogue 7a is 2-3 times more active transcriptionally than calcitriol, whereas dimethylated analogue is 7.5 times less active transcriptionally. Whereas the in vivo calcemic activity of difluorinated analogue 7a is similar to that of calcitriol, dimethylated analogue is considerably less calcemic than calcitriol. Dimethylated analogue strongly suppresses parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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21
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Hatcher MA, Posner GH. [3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements: short, stereocontrolled syntheses of functionalized vitamin D3 side-chain units. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ji Y, Wang X, Donnelly RJ, Uskokovic MR, Studzinski GP. Signaling of monocytic differentiation by a non-hypercalcemic analog of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2-5,6 trans-16-ene-vitamin D3, involves nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR) and non-nVDR-mediated pathways. J Cell Physiol 2002; 191:198-207. [PMID: 12064463 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of leukemia cells to the physiologically active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) normalizes their phenotype to cells that resemble mature monocytes. One of the earliest detectable events in this process is an upregulation of the nuclear receptor for 1,25D3, the vitamin D receptor (nVDR). In contrast, the novel analog of 1,25D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-5,6 trans-16-ene-vitamin D3 (5,6-16D3), which has recently been reported to have low calcium-mobilizing activity in vivo, rapidly induced the expression of CD14, CD11b, and monocyte-specific esterase (MSE), classical markers of the mature monocyte, but upregulated nVDR expression less than 1,25D3. This upregulation was shown to be the result of altered degradation of the nVDR protein, while the levels of nVDR mRNA were constant. Knock-out of nVDR transcriptional activity by a decoy VDRE double-stranded deoxyoligonucleotide, markedly abrogated 1,25D3-induced differentiation, but incompletely inhibited 5,6-16D3-induced differentiation. These findings suggest that the unique ability of 5,6-16D3 to induce cell differentiation but not systemic hypercalcemia, may be due to the activation of pathways which initiate differentiation independently of nVDR.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Calcitriol/adverse effects
- Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Calcitriol/therapeutic use
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/physiopathology
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Receptors, Calcitriol/drug effects
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
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23
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Kensler TW, Dolan PM, Gange SJ, Lee JK, Wang Q, Posner GH. Conceptually new deltanoids (vitamin D analogs) inhibit multistage skin tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.7.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Han G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphonate analogues of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:206-10. [PMID: 10896049 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of phosphonate side chain analogues of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1) have been synthesized. Antiproliferative activities of theses analogues (8a,b and 9a,b) using human keratinocyte cell shows that analogues which have natural A-ring show higher activity than unnatural A-ring series and almost equally active to 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1) at 1 microM level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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