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Girardi B, Manna M, Van Klaveren S, Tomašič T, Jakopin Ž, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Ricklin D, Mravljak J, Schwardt O, Anderluh M. Selective Monovalent Galectin-8 Ligands Based on 3-Lactoylgalactoside. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100514. [PMID: 34613662 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 has gained attention as a potential new pharmacological target for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and disorders associated with bone mass reduction. To that end, new molecular probes are needed in order to better understand its role and its functions. Herein we aimed to improve the affinity and target selectivity of a recently published galectin-8 ligand, 3-O-[1-carboxyethyl]-β-d-galactopyranoside, by introducing modifications at positions 1 and 3 of the galactose. Affinity data measured by fluorescence polarization show that the most potent compound reached a KD of 12 μM. Furthermore, reasonable selectivity versus other galectins was achieved, making the highlighted compound a promising lead for the development of new selective and potent ligands for galectin-8 as molecular probes to examine the protein's role in cell-based and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Girardi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Manna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjors Van Klaveren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis - Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janez Mravljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva cesta, 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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P-selectin glycoprotein ligand regulates the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the bone marrow microenvironment. Blood 2011; 119:1468-78. [PMID: 22096244 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-368050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between multiple myeloma (MM) cells and the BM microenvironment play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MM and in the development of drug resistance by MM cells. Selectins are involved in extravasation and homing of leukocytes to target organs. In the present study, we focused on adhesion dynamics that involve P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) on MM cells and its interaction with selectins in the BM microenvironment. We show that PSGL-1 is highly expressed on MM cells and regulates the adhesion and homing of MM cells to cells in the BM microenvironment in vitro and in vivo. This interaction involves both endothelial cells and BM stromal cells. Using loss-of-function studies and the small-molecule pan-selectin inhibitor GMI-1070, we show that PSGL-1 regulates the activation of integrins and downstream signaling. We also document that this interaction regulates MM-cell proliferation in coculture with BM microenvironmental cells and the development of drug resistance. Furthermore, inhibiting this interaction with GMI-1070 enhances the sensitization of MM cells to bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. These data highlight the critical contribution of PSGL-1 to the regulation of growth, dissemination, and drug resistance in MM in the context of the BM microenvironment.
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Pudelko M, Bull J, Kunz H. Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide Selectin Ligands Containing Sialyl Lewis X Structures. Chembiochem 2010; 11:904-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Filser C, Kowalczyk D, Jones C, Wild MK, Ipe U, Vestweber D, Kunz H. Synthetic glycopeptides from the E-selectin ligand 1 with varied sialyl Lewis(x) structure as cell-adhesion inhibitors of E-selectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2108-11. [PMID: 17295374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Filser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Filser C, Kowalczyk D, Jones C, Wild M, Ipe U, Vestweber D, Kunz H. Vom E-Selektin-Liganden 1 abgeleitete Glycopeptide mit variierter Sialyl-Lewisx-Struktur als Zelladhäsionsinhibitoren für E-Selektin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ulbrich HK, Luxenburger A, Prech P, Eriksson EE, Soehnlein O, Rotzius P, Lindbom L, Dannhardt G. A novel class of potent nonglycosidic and nonpeptidic pan-selectin inhibitors. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5988-99. [PMID: 17004713 DOI: 10.1021/jm060468y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An early step of the inflammatory response, the rolling of leukocytes on activated endothelial cells, is mediated by selectin/carbohydrate interactions. The tetrasaccharide sialy Lewisx is a ligand for E-, P-, and L-selectin and therefore serves as a lead structure for the development of analogues. A combination of synthesis and structure-based design allowed rapid optimization. The current lead 2a was evaluated in our E-selectin cell flow chamber assay where it proved to inhibit rolling and adhesion with an IC50 of 28+/-7 microM. The assays used are predictive for the in vivo efficacy of test compounds as shown for 2a in a proteose peptone induced peritonitis model of acute inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Ulbrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Janssen S, Schmidt RR. Synthesis of Ganglioside Mimics for Binding Studies with Myelin‐Associated Glycoprotein (MAG)*. J Carbohydr Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300500176312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Laurent S, Vander Elst L, Fu Y, Muller RN. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Gd−DTPA−B(sLex)A, a New MRI Contrast Agent Targeted to Inflammation. Bioconjug Chem 2004; 15:99-103. [PMID: 14733588 DOI: 10.1021/bc034114m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent designed to mimic sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) and to target inflammation has been synthesized and characterized. The evolution of its proton longitudinal relaxivity as a function of the magnetic field (NMRD) and temperature has been studied. The exchange rate of the water coordinated to the metal has been assessed by oxygen-17 relaxometry. The transmetalation by zinc(II) ions and the noncovalent binding to human serum albumin have been evaluated. The results show no limitation by the residence time of the coordinated water molecule above room temperature, a higher stability of the complex versus transmetalation by zinc(II) ions than a parent complex, the clinically used Gd-DTPA-BMA, and negligible interaction with human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laurent
- NMR Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Mons-Hainaut, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Ali M, Hicks AER, Hellewell PG, Thoma G, Norman KE. Polymers carrying sLe
x
‐mimetics are superior inhibitors of E‐selectin‐dependent leukocyte rolling in vivo. FASEB J 2003; 18:152-4. [PMID: 14597557 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0346fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Selectins mediate leukocyte rolling and may represent good anti-inflammatory drug targets. Detailed knowledge regarding the structure of selectin ligands has permitted development of selectin antagonists with varying specificities and activity. Efficacy of monovalent selectin antagonists may be increased by presenting them on a polymer backbone. We have synthesized a range of multivalent selectin antagonists and characterized their activity by using intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster muscle. The monovalent inhibitor CGP77175A inhibited E-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Multivalent presentation of CGP77175A on a modified polylysine backbone (degree of polymerization = 1200; 50% of the polylysines carry the inhibitor) greatly enhanced in vivo activity giving an inhibitor that produced an equivalent effect at 0.1 mg/kg. The polylysine conjugate was also longer acting than the monovalent antagonist. In spite of greatly enhanced activity against E-selectin compared with monovalent inhibitor, the multivalent inhibitor had no measurable effect on P- or L-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
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Storz T, Dittmar P, Fauquex PF, Marschal P, Lottenbach WU, Steiner H. Process Research of (R)-Cyclohexyl Lactic Acid and Related Building Blocks: A Comparative Study. Org Process Res Dev 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/op030202q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kaila N, Thomas BE. Design and synthesis of sialyl Lewis(x) mimics as E- and P-selectin inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2002; 22:566-601. [PMID: 12369089 DOI: 10.1002/med.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The selectins are a family of cell-adhesion proteins that mediate the rolling of leukocytes on activated endothelial cells through the recognition of the carbohydrate epitope sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)). Control of the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion process may prove useful in cases where excess recruitment of leukocytes can contribute to acute diseases such as stroke and reperfusion injury and chronic diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. The development of molecules that block the interactions between sLe(x) and the selectins has become an active area of research. In this review, we will highlight the various approaches taken toward the development of sLe(x) mimetics as antagonists of E- and P-selectin, including the use of structural information about the selectins and their interactions with sLe(x) that have been revealed through the use of NMR, protein crystallography and molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Kaila
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, WYETH, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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Abstract
A synthesis of an antagonist of E-selectin previously reported by a group at Novartis Pharma in Basel is described. An important feature involves the formation of an ether linkage based on a Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction. Stereocontrolled glycosylations rely on the anomeric activation of 2-pyridylthio carbonate as leaving group for the attachment of beta-D-galactopyranosyl and alpha-L-fucopyranosyl units on a common 1,5-anhydro D-glucitol scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada.
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Kiefel MJ, von Itzstein M. Recent advances in the synthesis of sialic acid derivatives and sialylmimetics as biological probes. Chem Rev 2002; 102:471-90. [PMID: 11841251 DOI: 10.1021/cr000414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton J Kiefel
- Centre for Biomolecular Science and Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, PMB 50 Gold Coast Mail Centre, Queensland 9726, Australia
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Listinsky JJ, Listinsky CM, Alapati V, Siegal GP. Cell surface fucose ablation as a therapeutic strategy for malignant neoplasms. Adv Anat Pathol 2001; 8:330-7. [PMID: 11707624 DOI: 10.1097/00125480-200111000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugar alpha-L-fucose is overexpressed in many human malignancies, especially on specific glycoproteins, glycolipids, certain mucins, and putative cell adhesion ligands found on cancer cell surfaces. Many of these molecules are known or suspected mediators of cell-cell adhesion, cell signaling, motility, or invasion. As knowledge of fucose metabolism evolves and specific mechanisms of its distribution and incorporation are more exactly documented, modulation of fucose expression in cancer is becoming increasingly more feasible. The authors propose that cancer cell surface alpha-L-fucose is a logical target for selective therapeutic ablation. Reduction of fucose content on the surfaces of malignant cells should effectively cripple the cells' physiologic functions by altering or dysregulating cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, critical for maintaining the malignant phenotype. Significant therapeutic benefits might include modulation of adhesion abnormalities in the cancer cells, reduction of cancer cell motility or invasiveness, reexposure to immune surveillance, or a combination of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Listinsky
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA
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Thoma G, Duthaler RO, Magnani JL, Patton JT. Nanomolar E-selectin inhibitors: 700-fold potentiation of affinity by multivalent ligand presentation. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10113-4. [PMID: 11592897 DOI: 10.1021/ja0164430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Thoma
- Novartis Pharma, AG CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Thoma G, Magnani JL, Patton JT, Ernst B, Jahnke W. Preorganization of the Bioactive Conformation of Sialyl LewisX Analogues Correlates with Their Affinity to E-Selectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010518)113:10<1995::aid-ange1995>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Thoma G, Magnani JL, Patton JT, Ernst B, Jahnke W. Preorganization of the Bioactive Conformation of Sialyl LewisX Analogues Correlates with Their Affinity to E-Selectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010518)40:10<1941::aid-anie1941>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thoma G, Magnani JL, Patton JT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a sialyl Lewis X mimic with significantly improved E-selectin inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:923-5. [PMID: 11294392 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the highly potent E-selectin inhibitor 5 is described. Sialyl Lewis X mimic 5 was rationally designed by combining two previously disclosed beneficial sLe(x) modifications in a single molecule. The compound was found to be 30-fold more potent than sLe(x) in a static, cell-free equilibrium assay. Furthermore, compound 5 was highly active (IC50 = 10 microM) in a dynamic non-equilibrium assay in which sLe(x) did not inhibit neutrophil rolling at up to 1000 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thoma
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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Kaila N, Thomas BE, Thakker P, Alvarez JC, Camphausen RT, Crommie D. Design and synthesis of sialyl Lewis x mimics as E-selectin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:151-5. [PMID: 11206447 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of novel beta-C-mannosides that inhibit the binding of sialyl Lewis x to E-selectin are described. Compounds that contained a phenyl substituent at the C-6 position were found to have increased potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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