1
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Copper‐Containing Mineral Mediated Glaser Coupling of Terminal Alkynes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Nishiuchi T, Kisaka K, Kubo T. Synthesis of Anthracene‐Based Cyclic π‐Clusters and Elucidation of their Properties Originating from Congested Aromatic Planes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuki Kisaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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3
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Nishiuchi T, Kisaka K, Kubo T. Synthesis of Anthracene-Based Cyclic π-Clusters and Elucidation of their Properties Originating from Congested Aromatic Planes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5400-5406. [PMID: 33219584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and properties of anthracene-based cyclic π-clusters which possess two and four anthracene units are discussed. The optimal cyclization conditions were determined based on a nickel(0)-mediated reaction that afforded a cyclic anthracene dimer as the major product. Bringing two anthracene planes in close proximity in a face-to-face manner resulted in red-shifted absorption owing to the narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gap. The cyclic anthracene dimer exhibits multi-stimuli responsiveness due to high π-congestion. For example, photoirradiation on the anthracene dimer affords its photoisomer having C-C bonds that are longer than 1.65 Å, which can undergo thermal reversion under gentle heating. This enabled mechanochromism of the photoisomer (colorless) to the original anthracene dimer (red). Photoisomerization was also observed in the crystalline state, accompanied by crystal jumping or collapsing, that is, the photosalient effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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4
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Miki K, Ohe K. π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 26:2529-2575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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5
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Schalen, Reifen und Sattel: Methoden zur Synthese gebogener aromatischer Moleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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6
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Bowls, Hoops, and Saddles: Synthetic Approaches to Curved Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:86-116. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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7
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Karabiyikoglu S, Iafe RG, Merlic CA. Ring-Closing Metathesis with Vicinal Dibromoalkenes as Protected Alkynes: A Synthetic Approach to Macrocyclic Enynes. Org Lett 2015; 17:5248-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Karabiyikoglu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Robert G. Iafe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Marcos, California 92078, United States
| | - Craig A. Merlic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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8
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Schmittel M, De S, Pramanik S. Redox-dependent self-sorting toggles a rotary nanoswitch. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyridine–pyrimidine (py–pym) arm as the moving part of the two-state nanomechanical rotary switch [Cu(1)]+ is toggled reversibly between two stations using one-electron oxidation/reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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9
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Kotha S, Shirbhate ME. Design of new synthetic strategies to cyclophanes via ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Caputo CA, Power PP. Heavier Main Group Dimetallene Reactivity: Effects of Frontier Orbital Symmetry. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616, United States
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616, United States
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11
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Kawai H, Utamura T, Motoi E, Takahashi T, Sugino H, Tamura M, Ohkita M, Fujiwara K, Saito T, Tsuji T, Suzuki T. Hydrindacene-Based Acetylenic Macrocycles with Horizontally and Vertically Ordered Functionality Arrays. Chemistry 2013; 19:4513-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Janková Š, Schulz J, Hybelbauerová S, Císařová I, Štěpnička P, Kotora M. Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetramethyl- and 1,2,3,4-Tetraethylfluorene through a Dewar Benzene Pathway. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Xiao R, Yao R, Cai M. Practical Oxidative Homo- and Heterocoupling of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Immobilized Copper in MCM-41. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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15
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Iyoda M, Yamakawa J, Rahman MJ. Conjugated Macrocycles: Concepts and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10522-53. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Shen YT, Zhu N, Zhang XM, Deng K, Feng W, Yan Q, Lei S, Zhao D, Zeng QD, Wang C. A Foldamer at the Liquid/Graphite Interface: The Effect of Interfacial Interactions, Solvent, Concentration, and Temperature. Chemistry 2011; 17:7061-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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18
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Miki K, Fujita M, Inoue Y, Senda Y, Kowada T, Ohe K. Synthesis of Strained Pyridine-Containing Cyclyne via Reductive Aromatization. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3537-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1006202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Fujita
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Senda
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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19
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Ishikawa T, Shimasaki T, Akashi H, Iwanaga T, Toyota S, Yamasaki M. Chemistry of Anthracene–Acetylene Oligomers XV. Synthesis, Structures, and Dynamic Behavior of Chiral Anthrylene–Ethynylene Cyclic Tetramers and Related Derivatives and Resolution of Enantiomers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20090270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Miyamoto K, Iwanaga T, Toyota S. Influence of Conformation of 9,10-Anthrylene Rotors on Structures and Self-association Properties of Macrocyclic Arylene–Alkynylene Oligomers. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Dračínský M, Castaño O, Kotora M, Bouř P. Rearrangement of Dewar Benzene Derivatives Studied by DFT. J Org Chem 2010; 75:576-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902065n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Obis Castaño
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Kotora
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Janková Š, Císařová I, Uhlík F, Štepnička P, Kotora M. Synthesis and characterisation of Dewar benzene–ferrocene conjugates. Dalton Trans 2009:3137-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b904488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Investigation of an Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp)−C(sp) Cross-Coupling Reaction Using Phosphine−Olefin Ligand: Application and Mechanistic Aspects. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:14713-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8049436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Zhu N, Hu W, Han S, Wang Q, Zhao D. Folding a Conjugated Chain: Oligo(o-phenyleneethynylene-alt-p-phenyleneethynylene). Org Lett 2008; 10:4283-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801677s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuliang Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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25
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Janková Š, Dračínský M, Císařová I, Kotora M. Synthesis and Rearrangement of Dewar Benzenes Into Biaryls: Experimental Evidence for Conrotatory Ring Opening. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Zhang C, Chen CF. Synthesis and structure of a triptycene-based nanosized molecular cage. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9339-41. [PMID: 17958375 DOI: 10.1021/jo7017526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A triptycene-based nanosized molecular cage was designed and efficiently synthesized by Eglington-Glaser coupling reaction, and its structure was determined by NMR, MS spectrometry and X-ray analysis. Moreover, it was found that the cage molecules could pack into a microporous structure in the solid state and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene molecules were located in the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Kawase T, Kurata H. Ball-, Bowl-, and Belt-Shaped Conjugated Systems and Their Complexing Abilities: Exploration of the Concave−Convex π−π Interaction. Chem Rev 2006; 106:5250-73. [PMID: 17165687 DOI: 10.1021/cr0509657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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28
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Nishihara Y, Okamoto M, Inoue Y, Miyazaki M, Miyasaka M, Takagi K. Synthesis of symmetrical 1,3-butadiynes by homocoupling reactions of alkynylboronates mediated by a copper salt. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Kalsani V, Ammon H, Jäckel F, Rabe JP, Schmittel M. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of a Rigid Exotopic Bisphenanthroline Macrocycle: Surface Patterning and a Supramolecular Nanobasket. Chemistry 2004; 10:5481-92. [PMID: 15378685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200305770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a rigid nanoscale macrocycle with two exotopic phenanthroline binding sites is reported. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) at the solid-liquid interface reveals the formation of highly ordered monolayers of macrocycles with dimensions that are in good agreement with the calculated structure. Using the HETPHEN concept several bisheteroleptic coordination complexes with other phenanthrolines and a nanoscale basket assembly were prepared in presence of copper(I) ions. NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometric data and elemental analysis point to three distinct isomers of the basket assembly in solution. A silver basket was prepared and readily converted to its copper analogue. Electrospray ionisation (ESI)-MS and spectrophotometric investigations provided additional mechanistic insight into the assembly process. Hence, the exotopic bisphenanthroline macrocycle in combination with HETPHEN concept proves to be very effective in controlling the compositional aspects of multicomponent self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshwarlu Kalsani
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str., 57068 Siegen, Germany
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30
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Sonoda M, Sakai Y, Yoshimura T, Tobe Y, Kamada K. Convenient Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Tetrabenzopentakisdehydro[12]annuleno[12]annulene. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Gibe R, Green JR, Davidson G. Indolophanetetrayne cobalt complexes via Nicholas reactions. Org Lett 2003; 5:1003-5. [PMID: 12659559 DOI: 10.1021/ol027564n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Indole N-substituted diyne tetracobalt complexes (4) undergo a Lewis acid mediated dimerization-cyclization reaction through the indole 3-position to afford indolophanetetrayne cobalt complexes (7). Substitution of the indole fragment of (4) with a 3-methyl function allows analogous formation of indolophanetetrayne complex (9), linked through the indole 2-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romelo Gibe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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32
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Shi Shun ALK, Chernick ET, Eisler S, Tykwinski RR. Synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-butadiynes and 1,3,5-hexatriynes via alkylidene carbenoid rearrangements. J Org Chem 2003; 68:1339-47. [PMID: 12585873 DOI: 10.1021/jo026481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-butadiynes and 1,3,5-hexatriynes are synthesized in four steps from commercially available aldehydes or carboxylic acids. The key step in this process involves a Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement, in which an alkylidene carbenoid intermediate subsequently rearranges to the desired polyyne. This rearrangement proceeds under mild conditions, and it is tolerant of a range of functionalities. In general, the procedurally facile formation of the dibromoolefinic precursors, in combination with the effectiveness of the rearrangement step, makes this procedure an attractive alternative to traditional methods for di- and triyne synthesis that utilize palladium or copper catalysis.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7 Canada.
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34
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Abstract
This Account details the application of [n]annulenes as functional building blocks for electromechanical actuators, double-helical ladder polymers, and protecting groups for supramolecular interactions. Specifically, redox-induced conformational changes occurring in [8]annulenes are utilized as the transducing element in polymeric electromechanical actuators. Conversely, rigid [8]annulenes are utilized as double-helical fragments for the synthesis of double-helical octaaryl macromolecules. Last, Dewar benzenes are prepared from [4 + 2] cycloadditions (where the 4pi component is a [4]annulene). The potential of using Dewar benzenes as protecting groups for [6]annulne-[6]annulene supramolecular interactions is exemplified by demonstration of photolithographic crystallization (amorphous [4]annulene --> crystalline [6]annulene) on a surface, followed by subsequent X-ray analysis of the resulting [6]annulene crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Marsella
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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35
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Campbell K, McDonald R, Tykwinski RR. Functionalized macrocyclic ligands for use in supramolecular chemistry. J Org Chem 2002; 67:1133-40. [PMID: 11846654 DOI: 10.1021/jo0159744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of three cross-conjugated macrocycles bearing pyridine functionality is described. The ability of two of these molecules, 5a and 5c, to behave as 4,4'-bipyridine mimics in self-assembly reactions is demonstrated by axial coordination to a metalloporphyrin. The directed coordinative ability of the pyridine rings ensures predictable self-assembly into well-ordered nanoscale systems, both in solution and the solid state. 1H, 13C, and HMQC NMR spectroscopic experiments and ESI MS have been used to characterize the supramolecular complexes in solution. X-ray crystallographic analysis of solid-state assemblies 7a and 7c provides insight into the scope and flexibility of these macrocyclic ligands as supramolecular building blocks. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies provide a description of their electronic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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36
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Collins SK, Yap GPA, Fallis AG. A novel strained undecadiyne cyclophane with interesting dienophilic character. Org Lett 2002; 4:11-4. [PMID: 11772078 DOI: 10.1021/ol0166707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Copper-mediated oxidative coupling of 3 afforded the strained product 4 from intramolecular cyclization rather than the triply bridged cyclophane 5 from dimerization. X-ray analysis of the bromo derivative 15 confirmed the distorted nature of the butadiyne bridge (bond angles 164.1 degrees and 153.4 degrees). The distortion in the strained triple bond is reflected in its cycloaddition reactivity. Cyclopentadiene and 1,3-cyclohexandiene afforded the new adduct macrocycles 16 and 17, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn K Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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37
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Tobe Y, Furukawa R, Sonoda M, Wakabayashi T. [12.12]Paracyclophanedodecaynes C36H8 and C36Cl8: The Smallest Paracyclophynes and Their Transformation into the Carbon Cluster Ion C36−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20011105)113:21<4196::aid-ange4196>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Nitschke JR, Tilley TD. Efficient, high-yield route to long, functionalized p-phenylene oligomers containing perfluorinated segments, and their cyclodimerizations by zirconocene coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10183-90. [PMID: 11603967 DOI: 10.1021/ja011018s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Linear oligophenylene diynes containing 6, 9, and 12 phenylene rings were synthesized in high yields using the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S(N)Ar) of perfluoroarenes by aryllithium reagents as the key carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction. This reaction was demonstrated to proceed readily at low temperatures with sterically hindered substrates and in the presence of base-sensitive silylalkynyl groups. Diynes synthesized by this methodology were readily zirconocene-coupled into large dimeric macrocycles using the zirconocene reagent Cp(2)Zr(py)(Me(3)SiC triple bond CSiMe(3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Nitschke
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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39
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Tobe Y, Utsumi N, Nagano A, Sonoda M, Naemura K. Synthesis of butadiyne-bridged [4n] metacyclophanes having exo-annular t-butyl groups. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Synthesis of novel acetylenic cyclophanes with helical chirality: potential new structures for liquid crystals. Org Lett 2000; 2:3189-92. [PMID: 11009378 DOI: 10.1021/ol000199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of novel acetylenic cyclophanes is described. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the core structure revealed a twisted conformation with helical chirality. Preliminary results suggest that these cyclophanes, with appropriate functionality, have the potential to act as unique liquid crystalline materials.
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