1
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Kerim MD, Evanno L, Ferrié L. Stereodivergent Total Syntheses of (+)-Mycaperoxides C, D, G Methyl Ester and (-)-Mycaperoxide B. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203004. [PMID: 36305658 PMCID: PMC10107902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mycaperoxides are natural endoperoxides isolated from different Mycale genus sponges, showing significant antiviral or antibacterial activities. We report herein the first total syntheses of representative congeners of this family from sclareol using a stereodivergent approach. Thus, an innovative oxidative ring expansion of cyclobutanol was used to bring the 1,2-dioxane subunit, and a Mukaiyama aldol reaction on peroxycarbenium species was utilized to install the propionic acid subunit. During the study toward (+)-mycaperoxide D methyl ester (2), the isolation of the eight possible diastereomers under their ethyl thioester form allowed to build a pertinent database for further NMR assignment studies. Thus, we completed the total syntheses of (+)-mycaperoxides D, C, G methyl ester, and (-)-mycaperoxide B in 11 to 15 steps, confirming their original assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour D Kerim
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri-Moissan, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Evanno
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri-Moissan, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Ferrié
- BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri-Moissan, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
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3
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Parisotto S, Palagi L, Prandi C, Deagostino A. Cooperative Iodide Pd(0)-Catalysed Coupling of Alkoxyallenes and N
-Tosylhydrazones: A Selective Synthesis of Conjugated and Skipped Dienes. Chemistry 2018; 24:5484-5488. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Parisotto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; Via Giuria 7 Torino 10125 Italy
| | - Lorenzo Palagi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; Via Giuria 7 Torino 10125 Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; Via Giuria 7 Torino 10125 Italy
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4
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Chen K, Liu JX, Tang XY, Shi M. A Selective RhI
-Catalyzed Substrate-Controlled C−C Bond Activation of Benzyl Sulfonamide/Alcohol-Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes. Chemistry 2016; 22:11549-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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5
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O’Reilly ME, Dutta S, Veige AS. β-Alkyl Elimination: Fundamental Principles and Some Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8105-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. O’Reilly
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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6
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Electron-donating groups and high ring strain promoted ring opening of methylenecyclopropanes catalyzed by rhodium and iridium complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Ohmura T, Taniguchi H, Suginome M. Site- and Regioselective Silaborative C–C Cleavage of 1-Alkyl-2-Methylenecyclopropanes Using a Platinum Catalyst with a Sterically Demanding Silylboronic Ester. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimichi Ohmura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Taniguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michinori Suginome
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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8
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Kong W, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Fu C, Ma S. Exclusive 1,2-Aryl Shift in Platinum(II) Chloride-Catalyzed Cyclization of 1-(Indol-2-yl)-2,3-allenols. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Wu L, Shi M. BF3·OEt2-catalyzed intermolecular reactions of arylmethylenecyclopropanes with (E)-1,1,3-triarylprop-2-en-1-ols. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Yu L, Guo R. Recent Advances on the Preparation and Reactivity of Methylenecyclopropanes. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2011.564551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Abbiati G, Beccalli EM, Rossi E. Groups 9 and 10 Metals-Catalyzed O–H Bond Addition to Unsaturated Molecules. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2011_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Masarwa A, Marek I. Selectivity in metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond cleavage of alkylidenecyclopropanes. Chemistry 2010; 16:9712-21. [PMID: 20607773 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When more complex system leads to simpler reactivity profile; the ring-opening of strained three-membered rings such as methylene- and alkylidenecyclopropanes generally lead to several products. If one starts with more functionalized carbon skeletons, selective reactions are now observed and rationalization as well as synthetic applications are described in this concept article. This methodology could be used to the preparation of challenging structural motifs possessing quaternary carbon stereocenters in acyclic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Masarwa
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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13
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Simaan S, Marek I. Hydroformylation Reaction of Alkylidenecyclopropane Derivatives: A New Pathway for the Formation of Acyclic Aldehydes Containing Quaternary Stereogenic Carbons. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4066-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja100544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Simaan
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32 000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32 000, Israel
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14
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Simaan S, F. G. Goldberg A, Rosset S, Marek I. Metal-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Alkylidenecyclopropanes: New Access to Building Blocks with an Acyclic Quaternary Stereogenic Center. Chemistry 2009; 16:774-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Villarino L, López F, Castedo L, Mascareñas J. Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroalkynylation of Alkylidenecyclopropanes. Chemistry 2009; 15:13308-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Yang Y, Su C, Huang X, Liu Q. Halohydroxylation of alkylidenecyclopropanes using N-halosuccinimide (NXS) as the halogen source: an efficient synthesis of halocyclopropylmethanol and 3-halobut-3-en-1-ol derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Yao LF, Shi M. Lewis-Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Bis(4-alkoxyphenyl)methanol with (Diarylmethylene)- and (Dialkylmethylene)cyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Jiang M, Shi M. Palladium-Catalyzed Diacetoxylation of Methylenecyclopropanes via C(sp3)−C(sp3) Bond Breaking. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900704m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Miao M, Huang X. Organo-Selenium Induced Radical Ring-Opening Intramolecular Cyclization or Electrophilic Cyclization of 2- (Arylmethylene)cyclopropylaldehyde: A Tunable Synthesis of 1-Naphthaldehydes or 3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ols. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5636-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Yu L, Meng J, Xia L, Guo R. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Methylenecyclopropanes with 1,2-Diphenyldiselane or 1,2-Di-p-tolyldisulfane. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5087-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9006514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Shouxihu Campus, Yangzhou 225002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jundong Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Shouxihu Campus, Yangzhou 225002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Shouxihu Campus, Yangzhou 225002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Shouxihu Campus, Yangzhou 225002, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Chen J, Lu L, Ma S. Studies on the factors controlling the stereoselectivity in electrophilic iodocyclization of alkylidenecyclopropyl ketones. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Huang X, Miao M. Substrate-Controlled Selective Proximal and Distal C−C Bond Cleavage via Lewis Acid Mediated O-Acylation of 2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropylaldehyde: A Stereoselective Synthesis of Bifunctional Methylenecyclobutanes and 1,3-Conjugated Dienes. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6884-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Yang Y, Huang X. Iodohydroxylation of Alkylidenecyclopropanes. An Efficient Synthesis of Iodocyclopropylmethanol and 3-Iodobut-3-en-1-ol Derivatives. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4702-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800123m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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24
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Abstract
Alkylidenecyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, or azacyclocyclopropenyl ketones or carboxylates have been demonstrated to be versatile starting materials for the synthesis of oxygen- and/or nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The reactivities and regioselectivities may be nicely controlled by subtle choice of the catalysts and reaction condition parameters.
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25
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An efficient stereoselective synthesis of 1-iodo- or 1-phenyl selenenyl-2-aryl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane via electrophilic cyclization of benzyl-2-arylmethylidenecyclopropylmethyl-amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Tian GQ, Li J, Shi M. Thermal Rearrangement of {[2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropyl]methyl}(phenyl)sulfanes and Selanes. J Org Chem 2007; 73:673-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7021636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Yao LF, Shi M. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Arylmethylenecyclopropanes with 1,1,3-Triarylprop-2-yn-1-ols or Their Methyl Ethers. Org Lett 2007; 9:5187-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ol7022592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Feng Yao
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Lu, Shanghai 200237, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Min Shi
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Lu, Shanghai 200237, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China, 200032
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28
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Li W, Shi M. PhI(OAc)2-mediated additions of 2,4-dinitrophenylsulfenamide with methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) and a methylenecyclobutane (MCB). Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Rubin M, Rubina M, Gevorgyan V. Transition metal chemistry of cyclopropenes and cyclopropanes. Chem Rev 2007; 107:3117-79. [PMID: 17622181 DOI: 10.1021/cr050988l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1047] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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30
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Yucel B, Valentić N, Noltemeyer M, de Meijere A. A Two-Step, Three-Component Queuing Cascade Leading to Dihydrobenzoxepine and Dihydrobenzazepine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Yamamoto Y. From σ- to π-Electrophilic Lewis Acids. Application to Selective Organic Transformations. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7817-31. [PMID: 17579452 DOI: 10.1021/jo070579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computed enthalpies of formation for various Lewis acid complexes with representative unsaturated compounds (aldehydes, imines, alkynes, and alkenes) provide a means to evaluate the applicability of a particular catalyst in a catalytic reaction. As expected, main group Lewis acids such as BX3 show much stronger complexes with heteroatoms than with carbon-carbon multiple bonds (sigma-electrophilic Lewis acids). Gold(I) and copper(I) salts with non-nucleophilic anions increase the relative strength of coordination to the carbon-carbon multiple bonds (pi-electrophilic Lewis acids). As representative examples for the use of sigma-electrophilic Lewis acids in organic synthesis, the Lewis acid mediated allylation reactions of aldehydes and imines with allylic organometallic reagents which give the corresponding homoallyl alcohols and amines, respectively, are mentioned. The allylation method is applied for the synthesis of polycyclic ether marine natural products, such as hemibrevetoxin B, gambierol, and brevetoxin B. As representative examples for the use of pi-electrophilic Lewis acids in organic synthesis, the Zr-, Hf-, or Al-catalyzed trans-stereoselective hydro- and carbosilylation/stannylation of alkynes is mentioned. This method is extended to sigma-pi chelation controlled reduction and allylation of certain alkynylaldehydes. Gold- and copper-catalyzed benzannulation of ortho-alkynylaldehydes (and ketones) with alkynes (and alkenes) is discovered, which proceeds through the reverse electron demand Diels-Alder type [4+2] cycloaddition catalyzed by the pi-electrophilic Lewis acids. This reaction is applied for the short synthesis of (+)-ochromycinone. Palladium and platinum catalysts act as a sigma- and/or pi-electrophilic catalyst depending on substrates and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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32
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Tian GQ, Shi M. Brønsted Acid-Mediated Stereoselective Cascade Construction of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrans from 2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2007; 9:2405-8. [PMID: 17503842 DOI: 10.1021/ol0709026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(E)- and (Z)-2-(Arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols 1 could be converted to the corresponding tetrahydropyrans 2 and 3 stereoselectively in the presence of Brønsted acids MsOH or TsOH under mild conditions. A plausible Prins-type reaction mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chenistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
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33
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Liu LP, Shi M. Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of mono-aryl group substituted methylenecyclopropanes with diethyl ketomalonate. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Huang X, Yang Y. Acylation of Alkylidenecyclopropanes for the Facile Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Ketone and Benzofulvene Derivatives with High Stereoselectivity. Org Lett 2007; 9:1667-70. [PMID: 17385872 DOI: 10.1021/ol070331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A variety of substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone and benzofulvene derivatives were readily prepared in good to excellent yields via the reaction of alkylidenecyclopropanes with various acyl chlorides in the presence of aluminum chloride. The stereochemistry of the acylation and cyclization is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, PRC.
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Fu WJ, Huang X. Mn(III)-based oxidative tandem free-radical cyclizations of methylenecyclopropanes with substituted dicarbonyl compounds. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Shi M, Tian GQ. Brønsted acid TfOH-mediated reactions of 2-(arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols with acetonitrile. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fujita M, Hanagiri S, Okuyama T. Solvent-dependent regioselectivity of hydrogen chloride-mediated ring opening of alkylidenecyclopropanone acetal. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Patil NT, Lutete LM, Wu H, Pahadi NK, Gridnev ID, Yamamoto Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Hydroamination, Hydroalkoxylation, and Hydrocarbonation of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4270-9. [PMID: 16709071 DOI: 10.1021/jo0603835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A conceptually novel approach for asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation and hydrocarbonation of alkynes using chiral palladium catalysts are described. The reactions of the aminoalkynes 5, alkynols 7, and alkynylmethines 9 in the presence of Pd2(dba)3 x CHCl3/PhCOOH/renorphos 4 in benzene (or benzene-hexane) at 100 degrees C gave the corresponding cyclization products (nitrogen heterocycles 6, oxygen heterocycles 8, and carbocycles 10) in good yields with good enantioselectivities. The origins of enantioselectivities in the hydroamination reaction are discussed based on DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Lu L, Chen G, Ma S. Ring-Opening Cyclization of Alkylidenecyclopropyl Ketones with Amines. An Efficient Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Pyrroles. Org Lett 2006; 8:835-8. [PMID: 16494453 DOI: 10.1021/ol052797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles via intermolecular cyclization of alkylidenecyclopropyl ketones with amines was observed. The addition of anhydrous MgSO4 improved the yields of the products 3. A possible mechanism involving the distal cleavage of the C-C bond of cyclopropane ring was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Wang BY, Jiang RS, Li J, Shi M. Brønsted Acid Mediated Double Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Methylenecyclopropanes with Arenes. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Ma S, Lu L. An Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of 4,5-trans-1,5-cis-3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ones via the Iodolactonization of Alkylidenecyclopropyl Esters. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7629-33. [PMID: 16149792 DOI: 10.1021/jo050878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A highly stereoselective iodolactonization of alkylidenecyclopropyl esters with iodine or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in aqueous CH3CN to afford 4,5-trans-1,5-cis-3-oxabicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane-2-ones is described. The reaction is very general, accommodating a wide range of substituents. A plausible mechanism that explains the essential role of water in this reaction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Nishihara Y, Yoda C, Itazaki M, Osakada K. Selective C–C Bond Activation of 2-Aryl-1-methylenecyclopropanes Promoted by Ir(I) and Rh(I) Hydrido Complexes. Mechanism of Ring-Opening Isomerization of the Strained Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Siriwardana AI, Kamada M, Nakamura I, Yamamoto Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Nitrogen Pronucleophiles to Alkylidenecyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5932-7. [PMID: 16018688 DOI: 10.1021/jo050700s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inter- and intramolecular additions of cyclic amides (nitrogen pronucleophiles) to methylenecyclopropanes proceeded smoothly in the presence of catalytic amounts of Pd(PPh(3))(4), affording the corresponding hydroamination products in good to high yields with high regioselectivities. The ring opening of methylenecyclopropanes occurred at the distal position of the cyclopropane ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal I Siriwardana
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Sulfinatodehalogenation reactions of gem-aryl disubstituted methylenecyclopropanes with perfluoroiodoalkanes. J Fluor Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shi M, Wang BY, Li J. Reactions ofgem-Aryl-Disubstituted Methylenecyclopropanes with Diaryl Diselenide in the Presence of Iodosobenzene Diacetate. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Shao LX, Zhao LJ, Shi M. Dihalogenation ofgem-Aryl-Disubstituted Methylenecyclopropanes by DEAD, DIAD/TiX4 or Free Halogen. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ma S, Lu L, Zhang J. Catalytic Regioselectivity Control in Ring-Opening Cycloisomerization of Methylene- or Alkylidenecyclopropyl Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:9645-60. [PMID: 15291568 DOI: 10.1021/ja0494860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-Methylene- or alkylidenecyclopropanyl ketones were easily prepared by the regioselective cyclopropanation of allenes or the reaction of methylene-/alkylidenecyclopropanyllithium with N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid amides. Due to the presence of the exo-cyclic C=C bond and the strained cyclopropane, their highly selective ring-opening cycloisomerization using PdCl(2)(CH(3)CN)(2), NaI (or PdCl(2)(CH(3)CN)(2) + NaI), and Pd(PPh(3))(4) as catalysts provided five different products, i.e., 4H-pyrans, 2,3,4-trisubstituted furans (or 4,5-disubstituted-3-alkylidene-2,3-dihydrofurans), and 2,3,4,5-tetrasubtituted furans (or 2,4,5-trisubstituted-3-alkylidene-2,3-dihydrofurans) in good yields, respectively, depending on the nature of the catalyst and reaction conditions. The less-substituted C=C bonds in these products can be highly selectively hydrogenated or hydroborated to afford new heterocyclic products stereoselectively. These three types of different reactions may proceed through a highly regioselective cleavage of a carbon-carbon single bond in the cyclopropane ring triggered by regioselective halometalation of the C=C bond and beta-decarbopalladation, halogen anion attack on the nonsubstituted carbon atom of the cyclopropane ring, or the direct oxidative addition of the distal carbon-carbon single bond of the cyclopropane ring with Pd(0). In some cases substituent effects were successfully applied to synthesize 2H-pyrans 8 and 3-alkylidene-2,3-dihydrofurans 5, which also provided some mechanistic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
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Zhou H, Huang X, Chen W. First Tandem Free-Radical Cyclization Reaction of Alkylenecyclopropanes: A Novel and Efficient Method for the Preparation of 2-(3,4-Dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)malonic Acid Diethyl Esters. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5471-2. [PMID: 15287799 DOI: 10.1021/jo0496289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkylidenecyclopropanes undergo Mn(OAc)3-mediated addition with malonate, leading to dihydronaphthalene derivatives in moderate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), Hangzhou 310028, P.R. China
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