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Golding BT, Abelairas-Edesa M, Tilbury RD, Wilson JP, Zhang D, Henderson AP, Bleasdale C, Clegg W, Watson WP. Influence of the methyl group in isoprene epoxides on reactivity compared to butadiene epoxides: Biological significance. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109949. [PMID: 35490797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the epoxides of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) with oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles have been compared to enable a better molecular understanding of the relative human toxicities of these epoxides. Hydrolysis of rac.-ethenyloxirane in (18O)water gave 77% (2-18O)but-3-ene-1,2-diol and 23% (1-18O)but-3-ene-1,2-diol. The R:S ratio for but-3-ene-1,2-diol from hydrolysis of (S)-ethenyloxirane was 75:25. Hence, hydrolysis of ethenyloxirane occurs by competing SN2 attack at C-2 and C-3 in 3:1 ratio, with no SN1 component. Hydrolysis of rac.-2-ethenyl-2-methyloxirane gave 2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol (73%) and 27% of a 2:1 mixture of the E- and Z-isomers of 4-hydroxy-2-methylbut-2-en-1-ol. In (18O)water (2-18O)2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol was obtained. Formation of these products occurs via SN1 ionisation to resonance-stabilised allylic cations which are captured by water. Reaction of rac.-ethenyloxirane with l-valine methyl ester gave diastereoisomeric adducts from SN2 attack of the valine amino at both C-2 (substituted position) and C-3 of the oxirane. The corresponding reaction of rac.-2-methyl-2-ethenyloxirane gave diastereoisomeric adducts, (R, S)- and (S, S)-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-buten-1-yl)-l-valine methyl ester, from SN2 attack of the valine amino solely at C-3. Reactions of rac.-2-ethenyl-2-methyloxirane with cysteine derivatives occurred at C-2 in neutral polar media (SN1 reaction) or at C-3 in basic media (SN2), whereas for ethenyloxirane products arose from attack at both C-2 and C-3. Reaction of meso-butadiene diepoxide (meso-2,2'-bioxirane) with l-valine methyl ester gave mainly 2:1 adducts, dimethyl 2,2'-(((2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-(2S,2'S)-bis(3-methyl-butanoates), whereas 2-methyl-2,2'-bioxirane gave a mixture of 1:1 [methyl 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbutanoates] and 2:1 adducts. Meso-2,2'-bioxirane reacted with N-acetylcysteine methyl ester in methanol to afford meso-thiolane-3,4-diol, by elimination of N-acetyldehydroalanine methyl ester from a precursor cyclic adduct. Similarly, 2-methyl-2,2'-bioxirane gave solely 3-methylthiolane-3,4-diols. Thus, the methyl group of isoprene has a subtle effect on the reactivity of its epoxides relative to those of butadiene and therefore, in the context of their toxicology, could abrogate crosslinking of nitrogen functions in biomolecules related to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard T Golding
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Manuel Abelairas-Edesa
- NewChem Technologies, The Biosphere, Draymans Way, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK
| | - Rowena D Tilbury
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Joanne P Wilson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daping Zhang
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alistair P Henderson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; NewChem Technologies, The Biosphere, Draymans Way, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK
| | - Christine Bleasdale
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - William Clegg
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon, Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - William P Watson
- Shell International Chemicals BV, Shell Research and Technology Centre Amsterdam, Toxicology Department, P.O. Box 38000, 1030BN, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TJ, UK
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2
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Ioannou PV, Tsivgoulis GM. Preparation of (mono)sulfonates: Suitable precursors for unnatural sulfonolipids. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the preparation of the novel unnatural, non-isosteric sulfonolipids bearing one, two and three acyl groups 8, 9 and 10, their precursors hydroxyl-containing sulfonates have been prepared from a variety of hydroxyl-containing halogenides and epoxides using the Strecker reaction. Thus, the sulfonates 16 and 22 were prepared pure, while the sulfonate 27 could only be prepared as a by-product using 1,4-dibromo-2,3-butanediol 26 and in low yields. For these reactions, probable pathways leading to the isolated or spectroscopically identified products are proposed. Conclusions about the relative nucleophilicity of SO32- compared to AsO33 - (as well as HO- which is present in their aqueous solutions) were drawn based on the yields of the corresponding arsonic acids and sodium sulfonates. The IR (KBr) and 1H NMR (D2O) spectra of sulfonates (and in some cases of their sulfonic acids) are analyzed and discussed.
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Favero L, Crotti P, Di Bussolo V, Napolitano E. Regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of nucleophilic addition to glycal and imino-glycal vinyl epoxides and their carba analogs: a rationalization based on HSAB theory and MEP. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Favero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; sede via Bonanno 33 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Paolo Crotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; sede via Bonanno 33 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; sede via Bonanno 33 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Elio Napolitano
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa; Piazza Dei Cavalieri 7 56127 Pisa Italy
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4
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Sarabia F, Vivar-García C, García-Ruiz C, Sánchez-Ruiz A, Pino-González MS, García-Castro M, Chammaa S. Exploring the Reactivity of Chiral Glycidic Amides for Their Applications in Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Hamasaki A, Maruta S, Nakamura A, Tokunaga M. Palladium-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Butadiene Monoxide. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Karban J, Kroutil J, BudeÌsÌÃnský M, Sýkora J, CÃsarÌová I. Ring-Opening Reactions of Aziridines Fused to a Conformationally Locked Tetrahydropyran Ring. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Lala MA, Tsivgoulis GM, Ioannou PV. Preparation of 2,3,4-Trihydroxybutylarsonic Acid: A Starting Compound for Novel Arsonolipids. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701506184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lala
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , Patras, Greece
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8
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Shamshina JL, Snowden TS. Practical Approach to α- or γ-Heterosubstituted Enoic Acids. Org Lett 2006; 8:5881-4. [PMID: 17134296 DOI: 10.1021/ol0625132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of alkenyl trichloromethyl carbinols with various nucleophiles under protic basic conditions reveals that mercaptans participate by alpha-substitution (S(N)2) of the intermediate alkenyl gem-dichloroepoxides. Conversely, hydroxide results in preferential gamma-substitution with stereoselective allylic transposition (S(N)2'). Regioselectivity with alkoxides depends upon the level of alkene substitution. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Shamshina
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 34587-0336, USA
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9
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Silvestri MA, He C, Khoram A, Lepore SD. Synthesis of methyl 2-oxo-5-vinyl-2,5-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Ueki H, Chiba T, Yamazaki T, Kitazume T. Highly regio- and stereocontrolled SN2′ reactions of gem-difluorinated vinyloxiranes with monoalkylcopper reagents. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Di Bussolo V, Caselli M, Romano MR, Pineschi M, Crotti P. Regio- and stereoselectivity of the addition of O-, S-, N-, and C-nucleophiles to the beta vinyl oxirane derived from D-glucal. J Org Chem 2005; 69:8702-8. [PMID: 15575746 DOI: 10.1021/jo048981b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
6-O-Trityl- (1a) and 6-(O-benzyl)-substituted epoxide (1b) derived from D-glucal were examined in their addition reactions with O-, C-, N-, and S-nucleophiles. A 1,4-regio- and beta-stereoselective or an anti 1,2-addition pathway is commonly observed depending on the ability of the nucleophile to coordinate with the oxirane oxygen. When TMSN(3) or LiN(3) are used as azide-based nucleophiles, a 1,2-syn-addition pathway is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Chakraborti AK, Kondaskar A, Rudrawar S. Scope and limitations of montmorillonite K 10 catalysed opening of epoxide rings by amines. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Restorp P, Somfai P. Regioselective and divergent opening of vinyl epoxides with ethoxyacetylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:2086-7. [PMID: 15367987 DOI: 10.1039/b408610d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A divergent protocol for nucleophilic opening of vinyl epoxides with ethoxyacetylide has been developed and demonstrated to give complete regioselectivity depending on reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Restorp
- KTH Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Bartoli G, Bosco M, Carlone A, Locatelli M, Massaccesi M, Melchiorre P, Sambri L. Asymmetric Aminolysis of Aromatic Epoxides: A Facile Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of anti-β-Amino Alcohols. Org Lett 2004; 6:2173-6. [PMID: 15200313 DOI: 10.1021/ol049372t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The first asymmetric aminolysis of trans-aromatic epoxides with anilines is described. The process affords enantioenriched anti-beta-amino alcohols in up to 99% ee. The complete regio- and diastereoselectivity observed uses commercially available [Cr(Salen)Cl] as a Lewis acid catalyst and in combination with a very simple experimental procedure renders the present reaction a facile and practical tool for the synthesis of chiral nonracemic anti-beta-amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bartoli
- Department of Organic Chemistry A. Mangini, University of Bologna, v.le Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Olofsson B, Somfai P. A regio- and stereodivergent route to all isomers of vic-amino alcohols. J Org Chem 2002; 67:8574-83. [PMID: 12444641 DOI: 10.1021/jo0262053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vicinal amino alcohols are substructures in several important natural products. They are also frequently employed ligands in asymmetric synthesis. Many enantioselective syntheses of vic-amino alcohols have been reported, but each structure has required its own synthetic route. This study presents a synthetic strategy leading to all eight possible isomers of a given beta-amino alcohol, starting from vinyl epoxides. The developed strategy focuses on the propensity of vinyl epoxides and vinylaziridines to be selectively ring-opened at the allylic position by suitable hard nucleophiles. Within this strategy, a novel large-scale aminolysis reaction and the synthesis of a trisubstituted N-H vinylaziridine are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Olofsson
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
A regio- and stereodivergent synthesis of vic-amino alcohols starting from vinylepoxides is described. The developed strategy focuses on the propensity of vinylepoxides and vinylaziridines to be ring-opened at the allylic position by suitable nucleophiles and makes use of reactions that perform such tasks selectively with either retention or inversion of configuration.
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17
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18
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Hurtaud D, Baudy-Floc'h M, Le Grel P. Synthesis and characterization of stable 2-cyano-2-carboximidic acid alkyl ester-oxiranes and 2, 2-dicarboximidic acid dialkyl ester-oxiranes. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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20
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Bleasdale C, Small RD, Watson WP, Wilson J, Golding BT. Studies on the molecular toxicology of buta-1,3-diene and isoprene epoxides. Toxicology 1996; 113:290-3. [PMID: 8901910 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(96)03458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of ethenyloxirane with amino (RNH2) and thiol (R'SH) nucleophiles occur by an SN2 mechanism involving competing ring cleavage at C-2 and C-3. In contrast, 2-ethenyl-2-methyloxirane reacts with amino (RNH2) and thiolate (R'S-) nucleophiles in methanol by regioselective SN2 attack at C-3 ("neo-pentyl" position). However, in pure water or methanol SN1 reaction occurs mainly at C-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bleasdale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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21
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Etude par la modélisation moléculaire de la régiosélectivité de l'Ouverture des acides glycidiques par les amines aliphatiques. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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23
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Ariza J, Font J, Ortuño RM. Enantioselective synthesis of hydroxy α-amino acids. (-)-- and (-) --γ-hydroxynorvalines. Tetrahedron 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Regio- and stereo-selectivity in the reaction of methyl 4,5-epoxy-2-hexenoate with methylcopper reagents. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(89)80071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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