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Maciuk S, Wood SH, Patel VK, Shapland PDP, Tomkinson NCO. Peracid Oxidation of Unactivated sp 3 C-H Bonds: An Important Solvent Effect. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204007. [PMID: 36888902 PMCID: PMC10946557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The peracid oxidation of hydrocarbons in chlorinated solvents is a low yielding and poorly selective process. Through a combination of DFT calculations, spectroscopic studies, and kinetic measurement it is shown that the origin of this is electronic in nature and can be influenced through the addition of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA). Performing the reaction of a cycloalkane with mCPBA in a fluorinated alcohol solvent such as nonafluoro-tert-butanol (NFTB) or hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), which act as strong HBD and poor HBA, leads to significantly higher yields and selectivities being observed for the alcohol product. Application of the optimised reaction conditions allows for the selective oxidation of both cyclic and linear alkane substrates delivering the corresponding alcohol in up to 86 % yield. The transformation shows selectivity for tertiary centres over secondary centres and the oxidation of secondary centres is strongly influenced by stereoelectronic effects. Primary centres are not oxidised by this method. A simple computational model developed to understand this transformation provides a powerful tool to reliably predict the influence of substitution and functionality on reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Maciuk
- Department Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham BuildingUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Susanna H. Wood
- Department Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham BuildingUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | | | | | - Nicholas C. O. Tomkinson
- Department Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham BuildingUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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2
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Methane Oxidation to Methyl Trifluoroacetate by Simple Anionic Palladium Catalyst: Comprehensive understanding of K2S2O8-based Methane Oxidation in CF3CO2H. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Zargari N, Winter P, Liang Y, Lee JH, Cooksy A, Houk KN, Jung KW. Unexpected, Latent Radical Reaction of Methane Propagated by Trifluoromethyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9820-9825. [PMID: 27685006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thorough mechanistic studies and DFT calculations revealed a background radical pathway latent in metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions of methane at low temperatures. Use of hydrogen peroxide with TFAA generated a trifluoromethyl radical (•CF3), which in turn reacted with methane gas to selectively yield acetic acid. It was found that the methyl carbon of the product was derived from methane, while the carbonyl carbon was derived from TFAA. Computational studies also support these findings, revealing the reaction cycle to be energetically favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Zargari
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Pierre Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego California 92182, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joo Ho Lee
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrew Cooksy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego California 92182, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kyung Woon Jung
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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4
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Fernandes TA, Santos CIM, André V, Dias SSP, Kirillova MV, Kirillov AM. New aqua-soluble dicopper(ii) aminoalcoholate cores for mild and water-assisted catalytic oxidation of alkanes. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new dicopper(ii) pre-catalysts were synthesized, fully characterized, and applied for the mild homogeneous oxidation of alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A. Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Carla I. M. Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Sara S. P. Dias
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Marina V. Kirillova
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Portugal
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Dias SSP, Kirillova MV, André V, Kłak J, Kirillov AM. New Tetracopper(II) Cubane Cores Driven by a Diamino Alcohol: Self-assembly Synthesis, Structural and Topological Features, and Magnetic and Catalytic Oxidation Properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5204-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. P. Dias
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marina V. Kirillova
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julia Kłak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Munz D, Strassner T. Alkane C-H functionalization and oxidation with molecular oxygen. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5043-52. [PMID: 25822853 DOI: 10.1021/ic502515x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of environmentally benign, cheap, and economically viable oxidation procedures is a key challenge of homogeneous, oxidative alkane functionalization. The typically harsh reaction conditions and the propensity of dioxygen for radical reactivity call for extraordinary robust catalysts. Mainly three strategies have been applied. These are (1) the combination of a catalyst responsible for C-H activation with a cocatalyst responsible for dioxygen activation, (2) transition-metal catalysts, which react with both hydrocarbons and molecular oxygen, and (3) the introduction of very robust main-group element catalysts for C-H functionalization chemistry. Herein, these three approaches will be assessed and exemplified by the reactivity of chelated palladium (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts in combination with a vanadium cocatalyst, the methane functionalization by cobalt catalysts, and the reaction of group XVII compounds with alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Munz D, Strassner T. On the Mechanism of the Palladium Bis(NHC) Complex Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Propane: Experiment and DFT Calculations. Chemistry 2014; 20:14872-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Akopova AR, Morkovnik AS, Khrustalev VN, Bicherov AV. Electron transfer in the peroxytrifluoroacetic acid-assisted sulfoxidation and oxidative destruction of benzhydryl sulfides. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Strassner T, Ahrens S, Muehlhofer M, Munz D, Zeller A. Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidation of Methane to Methyl Trifluoroacetate by Dioxygen. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yang X, Tang S, Lu T, Chen C, Zhou L, Su Y, Xu J. Sulfonic Acid Resin–Catalyzed Oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids by Hydrogen Peroxide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.617487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Si Tang
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Tianliang Lu
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Chen Chen
- b State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China
| | - Lipeng Zhou
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yunlai Su
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jie Xu
- b State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China
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Kamijo S, Matsumura S, Inoue M. CCl3CN: A Crucial Promoter of mCPBA-Mediated Direct Ether Oxidation. Org Lett 2010; 12:4195-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1018079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kamijo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shoko Matsumura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Gruenwald KR, Kirillov AM, Haukka M, Sanchiz J, Pombeiro AJL. Mono-, di- and polynuclear copper(II) compounds derived from N-butyldiethanolamine: structural features, magnetism and catalytic activity for the mild peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane. Dalton Trans 2009:2109-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b813160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Groenhof AR, Ehlers AW, Lammertsma K. Alkane Hydroxylation by Peroxy Acids: A Comparison with the Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylation. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12855-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801720s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André R. Groenhof
- Vrije Universiteit, FEW, Department of Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Vrije Universiteit, FEW, Department of Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Vrije Universiteit, FEW, Department of Chemistry, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Newcomb M, Hollenberg PF, Coon MJ. Multiple mechanisms and multiple oxidants in P450-catalyzed hydroxylations. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 409:72-9. [PMID: 12464246 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze a number of oxidations in nature including the difficult hydroxylations of unactivated positions in an alkyl group. The consensus view of the hydroxylation reaction 10 years ago was that a high valent iron-oxo species abstracts a hydrogen atom from the alkyl group to give a radical that subsequently displaces the hydroxy group from iron in a homolytic substitution reaction (hydrogen abstraction-oxygen rebound). More recent mechanistic studies, as summarized in this review, indicated that the cytochrome P450-catalyzed "hydroxylation reaction" is complex, involving multiple mechanisms and multiple oxidants. In addition to the iron-oxo species, another electrophilic oxidant apparently exists, either the hydroperoxo-iron intermediate that precedes iron-oxo or iron-complexed hydrogen peroxide formed by protonation of the hydroperoxo-iron species on the proximal oxygen. The other electrophilic oxidant appears to react by insertion of OH(+) into a C-H bond to give a protonated alcohol. Computational work has suggested that iron-oxo can react through multiple spin states, a low-spin ensemble that reacts by insertion of oxygen, and a high-spin ensemble that reacts by hydrogen atom abstraction to give a radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Newcomb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 60607, USA.
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15
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Fokin AA, Schreiner PR. Selective alkane transformations via radicals and radical cations: insights into the activation step from experiment and theory. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1551-94. [PMID: 11996544 DOI: 10.1021/cr000453m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute, 37 Pobedy Avenue, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine.
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Hovorka SW, Hageman MJ, Schöneich C. Oxidative degradation of a sulfonamide-containing 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone in aqueous/organic cosolvent mixtures. Pharm Res 2002; 19:538-45. [PMID: 12033392 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015116317269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the oxidative stability of a sulfonamide-containing 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone in lipid-based delivery systems, N-(3-(1[(3alpha,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-6-phenyl-6-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]propyl)phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinylsulfonamide (DHP) was oxidized by peroxides and peroxyl radicals in binary mixtures of water and organic cosolvents. METHODS DHP was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, t-butylhydroperoxide, or peroxyl radicals derived from the thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in 40% (v/v) organic cosolvent and 5 mM buffer at or near 40 degrees C. Interactions between DHP and ]propane sulfonic acid and imidazole) and DH- were assessed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The formation of CO likely involves a free radical mechanism. RESULTS The reaction of DHP with peroxides in 40% (v/v) acetonitrile yields epimeric monohydroxylation products, R-OH and S-OH, at C-3 of the pyrone ring, and a keto-derivative (CO). Hydroxylation rates depend on the protonation state of DHP, and the nature of buffer and the organic cosolvent. Organonitriles accelerate the oxidation through formation of peroxycarboximidic acid. Peroxyl radicals do not yield significant amounts of R/S-OH or CO. CONCLUSIONS. The hydrogen peroxide-induced degradation of DHP in the presence of acetonitrile involves two reactions, hydroxylation and carbonyl formatin. Hydroxylation proceeds via nucleophilic attack by the monodeprotonated form of DHP (DH-) on peroxycarboximidic acid. The oxidation rate is slowed by ion pairing between nitrogen-containing buffers ([3-N-morpholino]propane sulfonic acid and imidazole) and DH-. The formation of CO likely involves a free radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W Hovorka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA
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Freccero M, Gandolfi R, Sarzi-Amadè M, Rastelli A. Transition structures for one step nonconcerted oxygen insertion mechanism of oxidation of alkanes with trifluoroperoxyacetic acid. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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