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Haufe G. Selective Synthesis of Monofluorinated Compounds Applying Amine/HF Reagents. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300140. [PMID: 37229773 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For nucleophilic monofluorination, amine/HF reagents such as Et3 N⋅3HF, Pyr⋅9HF (Olah's reagent) and similar combinations belong to the most frequently used fluoride sources, whereupon the selectivity of these reagents can be very different depending of its acidity, the nucleophilicity of the fluoride equivalent, and the structure of the particular substrate. These reagents can be used safely in ordinary chemistry laboratories for nucleophilic substitution reactions by fluoride at sp3 -hybridized carbon centers. For ring opening reactions of epoxides, the regio- and stereoselectivity is very much depending of the nature of the epoxide and the acidity of the HF reagent favoring either SN 1 or SN 2 type reactions. Similarly, the outcome of halofluorination and similar reactions with sulfur or seleno electrophiles can be controlled by the particular combination of the electrophile and the fluoride source. Examples for the application of these reaction types for the synthesis of fluorine-containing analogues of natural products or biologically relevant compounds are in the focus of this personal account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Baghery S, Zarei M, Zolfigol MA, Mallakpour S, Behranvand V. Application of trityl moieties in chemical processes: part I. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Michelet B, Carreyre H, Lecornué F, Mingot A, Thibaudeau S. Superelectrophilic activation in superacid HF/SbF5: Expanding molecular diversity in nitrogen-containing compounds series by fluorination. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu F, Martin-Mingot A, Jouannetaud MP, Karam O, Thibaudeau S. Substitution effect on the hydrofluorination reaction of unsaturated amines in superacid HF/SbF5. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4789-97. [DOI: 10.1039/b915077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pace A, Buscemi S, Vivona N. THE SYNTHESIS OF FLUORINATED HETEROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS. PART 2. FIVE-MEMBERED RINGS WITH TWO HETEROATOMS. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940709458581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Magnus NA, Aikins JA, Cronin JS, Diseroad WD, Hargis AD, LeTourneau ME, Parker BE, Reutzel-Edens SM, Schafer JP, Staszak MA, Stephenson GA, Tameze SL, Zollars LMH. Diastereomeric Salt Resolution Based Synthesis of LY503430, an AMPA (α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid) Potentiator. Org Process Res Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/op0500741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Magnus
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - James A. Aikins
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Jason S. Cronin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - William D. Diseroad
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Amy D. Hargis
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Michael E. LeTourneau
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Bruce E. Parker
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Susan M. Reutzel-Edens
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - John P. Schafer
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Michael A. Staszak
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Gregory A. Stephenson
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Shella L. Tameze
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Lisa M. H. Zollars
- Eli Lilly and Company, Chemical Product Research and Development Division, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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Dolensky B, Nam G, Deng WP, Narayanan J, Fan J, Kirk KL. Syntheses of side-chain fluorinated biologically important imidazoles and indoles. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dolensky B, Kirk KL. New approaches to side-chain fluorinated bioimidazoles: 4-alkynylimidazoles as substrates for fluorination. J Fluor Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(03)00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Tryptamines disubstituted at the beta-position with fluorine have been synthesized as part of our research program to study the effects of fluorine substitution on the biological activities of neuroactive amines. Treatment of N-Boc-3-azidoacetyl indoles, prepared from readily available 2-chloracetylindoles, with dimethoxyethylamino sulfurtrifluoride produced the corresponding 3-(2-azido-1,1-difluoroethyl)indoles. Reduction of the azide to amine with hydrogen over Pd-C and careful removal of the N-Boc protecting group produced beta,beta-difluorotryptamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Deng
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Lermer L, Hobbs J, Perrin DM. Incorporation of 8-histaminyl-deoxyadenosine [8-(2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamino)-2'-deoxyriboadenosine] into oligodeoxyribonucleotides by solid phase phosphoramidite coupling. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2002; 21:651-64. [PMID: 12502281 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120015723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The 3'phosphoramidite of 8-histaminyl deoxyadenosine has been prepared and successfully incorporated into a short oligodeoxyribonucleotide. The synthetic methodology leading to this preparation is given and the implications for developing new DNAzymes as well as probing unusual nucleic acid structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Lermer
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, 6174 University Blvd, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., V6T-1Z1 Canada
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Dolensky B, Kirk KL. New building blocks for fluorinated bioimidazole derivatives II: preparation of beta-fluorourocanic acids. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3468-73. [PMID: 12003561 DOI: 10.1021/jo0200419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of vinyl hydrogen with fluorine is based on addition of an FBr equivalent to a double bond followed by HBr elimination. This sequence has been adapted to prepare 3-fluoro-3-imidazolyl-propenoic acids (beta-fluorourocanic acids), and the related fluorinated imidazolyl propenals and prop-2-en-1-ols, from urocanic acid. Tritylation of the imidazole nitrogen was necessary for successful addition of "FBr" to the double bond, and prior reduction of the carboxyl group to the alcohol was required to provide the desired chemoselectivity in the elimination of HX. Reoxidation and deprotection produced the fluorinated urocanic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Dolensky
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Dolensky B, Kirk KL. Preparation of (Fluoromethyl)- and (Difluoromethyl)imidazoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20021335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
2-(Fluoromethyl)- and 2-(difluoromethyl)imidazoles, and 4-(fluoromethyl)- and 4-(difluoromethyl)imidazoles have been prepared by deoxyfluorination of (hydroxymethyl)imidazole or formylimidazole precursors.
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