1
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Strekalova S, Kononov A, Budnikova Y. Amino Acids in Electrochemical Metal-Free Benzylic C-H Amidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Malviya J, Singh RKP. A Green Approach for Electrochemical Thiocyanation of Nitrogen Heterocycles with KSCN at Platinum Electrode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193520120137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Wu T, Moeller KD. Organic Electrochemistry: Expanding the Scope of Paired Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA
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4
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Wu T, Moeller KD. Organic Electrochemistry: Expanding the Scope of Paired Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12883-12890. [PMID: 33768678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paired electrochemical reactions allow the optimization of both atom and energy economy of oxidation and reduction reactions. While many paired electrochemical reactions take advantage of perfectly matched reactions at the anode and cathode, this matching of substrates is not necessary. In constant current electrolysis, the potential at both electrodes adjusts to the substrates in solution. In principle, any oxidation reaction can be paired with any reduction reaction. Various oxidation reactions conducted on the anodic side of the electrolysis were paired with the generation and use of hydrogen gas at the cathode, showing the generality of the anodic process in a paired electrolysis and how the auxiliary reaction required for the oxidation could be used to generate a substrate for a non-electrolysis reaction. This is combined with variations on the cathodic side of the electrolysis to complete the picture and illustrate how oxidation and reduction reactions can be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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5
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Cembellín S, Batanero B. Organic Electrosynthesis Towards Sustainability: Fundamentals and Greener Methodologies. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2453-2471. [PMID: 33955158 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of new measures that preserve our environment, on which our survival depends, is a necessity. Electro-organic processes are sustainable per se, by producing the activation of a substrate by electron transfer at normal pressure and room temperature. In the recent years, a highly crescent number of works on organic electrosynthesis are available. Novel strategies at the electrode are being developed enabling the construction of a great variety of complex organic molecules. However, the possibility of being scaled-up is mandatory in terms of sustainability. Thus, some electrochemical methodologies have demonstrated to report the best results in reducing pollution and saving energy. In this personal account, these methods have been compiled, being organized as follows: • Direct discharge electrosynthesis • Paired electrochemical reactions. and • Organic transformations utilizing electrocatalysis (in absence of heavy metals). Selected protocols are herein presented and discussed with representative recent examples. Final perspectives and reflections are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cembellín
- University of Alcala, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department (Organic area), Campus, km 33,6 A2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Batanero
- University of Alcala, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department (Organic area), Campus, km 33,6 A2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química, "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) University of Alcala
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6
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Xia R, Tian D, Kattel S, Hasa B, Shin H, Ma X, Chen JG, Jiao F. Electrochemical reduction of acetonitrile to ethylamine. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1949. [PMID: 33782400 PMCID: PMC8007591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrifying chemical manufacturing using renewable energy is an attractive approach to reduce the dependence on fossil energy sources in chemical industries. Primary amines are important organic building blocks; however, the synthesis is often hindered by the poor selectivity because of the formation of secondary and tertiary amine byproducts. Herein, we report an electrocatalytic route to produce ethylamine selectively through an electroreduction of acetonitrile at ambient temperature and pressure. Among all the electrocatalysts, Cu nanoparticles exhibit the highest ethylamine Faradaic efficiency (~96%) at -0.29 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Under optimal conditions, we achieve an ethylamine partial current density of 846 mA cm-2. A 20-hour stable performance is demonstrated on Cu at 100 mA cm-2 with an 86% ethylamine Faradaic efficiency. Moreover, the reaction mechanism is investigated by computational study, which suggests the high ethylamine selectivity on Cu is due to the moderate binding affinity for the reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xia
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shyam Kattel
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bjorn Hasa
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Haeun Shin
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
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7
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Husain AA, Bisht KS. Thiocyanation and 2-Amino-1,3-thiazole Formation in Water Using Recoverable and Reusable Glycosylated Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9928-9935. [PMID: 32674572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of three spatially directional resorcin[4]arene cavitand glycoconjugates (RCGs) have been applied as efficient recoverable and reusable inverse phase transfer catalysts for eco- and environmentally friendly thiocyanation and 2-amino-1,3-thiazole formation reactions in water. The results show that RCGs (1 mol %) were capable of hosting and catalyzing various water-insoluble bromo/thiocyanato substrates in water without the use of any co-organic solvents. The recoverability and reusability of RCG catalytic systems, that is, RCG1 and RCG3, were also examined upon a simple extraction of the desired products using DCM or ethyl acetate, followed by subjecting the recovered aqueous solution containing the RCG catalysts to the next reaction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Husain
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 202, Tampa, Fl 33620, United States
| | - Kirpal S Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 202, Tampa, Fl 33620, United States
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8
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Sbei N, Titov AA, Markova EB, Elinson MN, Voskressensky LG. A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐1‐carbonitriles via the Electrogenerated Cyanide Anions from Acetonitrile. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Sbei
- Research Center: Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative Compounds for MedicinePeoples' Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University) 117198 Russia Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st https://twitter.com/UniversityRudn
| | - Alexander A. Titov
- Research Center: Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative Compounds for MedicinePeoples' Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University) 117198 Russia Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st https://twitter.com/UniversityRudn
| | - Ekaterina B. Markova
- Physical and Colloidal Chemistry DepartmentRUDN University Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 117198 Russia Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st
| | - Michail N. Elinson
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Research Center: Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative Compounds for MedicinePeoples' Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University) 117198 Russia Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st https://twitter.com/UniversityRudn
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9
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Child SN, Raychev R, Moss N, Howchen B, Horton PN, Prior CC, Oganesyan VS, Fielden J. Cobalt-based molecular electrocatalysis of nitrile reduction: evolving sustainability beyond hydrogen. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9576-9580. [PMID: 31184345 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two new cobalt bis-iminopyridines, [Co(DDP)(H2O)2](NO3)2 (1, DDP = cis-[1,3-bis(2-pyridinylenamine)] cyclohexane) and [Co(cis-DDOP)(NO3)](NO3) (2, cis-DDOP = cis-3,5-bis[(2-Pyridinyleneamin]-trans-hydroxycyclohexane) electrocatalyse the 4-proton, 4-electron reduction of acetonitrile to ethylamine. For 1, this reduction occurs in preference to reduction of protons to H2. A coordinating hydroxyl proton relay in 2 reduces the yield of ethylamine and biases the catalytic system back towards H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Child
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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10
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Wu T, Nguyen BH, Daugherty MC, Moeller KD. Paired Electrochemical Reactions and the On-Site Generation of a Chemical Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3562-3565. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Bichlien H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
- Current address: Microsoft Research; Redmond WA, 98052 USA
| | - Michael C. Daugherty
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
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11
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Wu T, Nguyen BH, Daugherty MC, Moeller KD. Paired Electrochemical Reactions and the On-Site Generation of a Chemical Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Bichlien H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
- Current address: Microsoft Research; Redmond WA, 98052 USA
| | - Michael C. Daugherty
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
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12
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13
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Haouas B, Sbei N, Ayari H, Benkhoud ML, Batanero B. Efficient synthetic procedure to new 2-imino-1,3-thiazolines and thiazolidin-4-ones promoted by acetonitrile electrogenerated base. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01992d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective sulfur–carbon bond formation from disubstituted thioureas and 1,2-dielectrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beya Haouas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d’Electrochimie. Faculté des Sciences
- Université Tunis El Manar
- 2092 El-Manar (Tunis)
- Tunisia
| | - Najwa Sbei
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d’Electrochimie. Faculté des Sciences
- Université Tunis El Manar
- 2092 El-Manar (Tunis)
- Tunisia
| | - Hana Ayari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d’Electrochimie. Faculté des Sciences
- Université Tunis El Manar
- 2092 El-Manar (Tunis)
- Tunisia
| | - M. Lamine Benkhoud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d’Electrochimie. Faculté des Sciences
- Université Tunis El Manar
- 2092 El-Manar (Tunis)
- Tunisia
| | - Belen Batanero
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid)
- Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
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14
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Khan E, Shahzad A, Tahir MN, Ateeq M. (2 E)-3-Phenylprop-2-en-1-yl thiocyanate. IUCRDATA 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617005491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C10H9NS, the C—S—C bond angle is 99.41 (9)° and the dihedral angle between thetrans-alkene fragment and the benzene ring is 16.49 (19)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of extremely weak C—H...N interactions occur, as does a short S...N contact [3.2258 (19) Å].
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15
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Bai DC, Liu XY, Li H, Ding CH, Hou XL. Tandem Thorpe Reaction/Palladium Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Access to Chiral β-enaminonitriles with Excellent Enantioselectivity. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:212-215. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Chang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiu-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xue-Long Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shanghai 200032 China
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16
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Rad MNS. A Simple, One-Pot and Phosphine-Free Procedure for Thiocyanation of Alcohols Using N-(p-toluenesulfonyl) Imidazole (TsIm). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14736925997854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, one -pot, phosphine-free thiocyanation of alcohols has been achieved utilising potassium thiocyanate and N-(p-toluene sulfonyl) imidazole (TsIm) as a coupling agent in the presence of triethylamine in anhydrous DMF at 70 °C. This method converts primary alcohols into the corresponding thiocyanates, without isomerisation to isothiocyanates, in good to excellent yields. A total of 17 thiocyananates were prepared, five of which are novel. Using one equivalent of KSCN, the method shows good selectivity in the thiocyanation of a primary alcohol in the presence of a secondary alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
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17
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Hamrouni K, Batanero B, Barba F, Saied T, Lamine Benkhoud M. Facile synthesis of 2-methyl-4-aryl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitriles by cathodic reduction of acetonitrile. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Karimi Zarchi MA, Banihashemi R. Thiocyanation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds using polymer-supported thiocyanate ion as the versatile reagent and ceric ammonium nitrate as the versatile single-electron oxidant. J Sulphur Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2015.1137919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Banihashemi
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
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19
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Husain AA, Maknenko AM, Bisht KS. Spatially Directional Resorcin[4]arene Cavitand Glycoconjugates for Organic Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:6223-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Husain
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa Florida 33620 USA
| | - Arthur M. Maknenko
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa Florida 33620 USA
| | - Kirpal S. Bisht
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa Florida 33620 USA
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20
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Ali M, Zarchi K, Banihashemi R. Green and Efficient Method for Thiocyanation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Cross-linked Poly (4-Vinylpyridine) Supported Thiocyanate Ion as Versatile Reagent and Oxone as Mild Oxidant. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2013.865123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yazd University, P. O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
| | - Karimi Zarchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yazd University, P. O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
| | - R. Banihashemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yazd University, P. O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
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21
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Yamaguchi K, Sakagami K, Miyamoto Y, Jin X, Mizuno N. Oxidative nucleophilic strategy for synthesis of thiocyanates and trifluoromethyl sulfides from thiols. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9200-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a 2 × 2 manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) and potassium fluoride (KF), various thiocyanates and trifluoromethyl sulfides could be synthesized from thiols in almost quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Konomi Sakagami
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Noritaka Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
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22
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Zarchi MAK, Ebrahimi N. An Efficient and Simple Method for Diazotization-Thiocyanation of Aryl Amine using Cross-Linked Poly (4-Vinylpyridine) Supported Thiocyanate Ion. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.681407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahid Ebrahimi
- a Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Yazd University , Yazd , Iran, P. O. Box NO. 89195-741
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23
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Gromov SP, Fomina MV. Advances in the synthesis of 4-aryl- and 4-hetarylpyridines. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2008v077n12abeh003783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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25
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Fusi S, Ponticelli F, Ventura A, Adamo MF. Rearrangement of 3,5-dicyano-1,4-dihydropyridines to densely functionalized cyclopentadienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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β-Enaminonitriles in heterocylic synthesis: Synthesis of new tetrahydropyridinethione, pyridopyrimidines, pyridotriazines and dihydropyridines. J CHEM SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-008-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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In(OTf)3-catalyzed synthesis of 4-thiocyanotetrahydropyrans via a three-component reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Mohanazadeh F, Aghvami M. 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-tributylethanaminium thiocyanate as solvent and reagent for the preparation of alkyl thiocyanates. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Saez R, Batanero B, Barba F. Influence of the concentration in the anodic oxidations of α-chloro-ethylbenzene or toluene in acetonitrile. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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30
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Schöll I, Kopp T, Bohle B, Jensen-Jarolim E. Biodegradable PLGA Particles for Improved Systemic and Mucosal Treatment of Type I Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2006; 26:349-64, ix. [PMID: 16701149 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although allergen immunotherapy is basically a story of success, it still needs improvement. The goal of this study was to optimize parenteral and oral allergen formulations through using the biocompatible polymer of lactic and glycolic acid (PLGA). Subcutaneous application of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 encapsulated in nanoparticles biased the immune response toward Th1 in allergic mice and did not elicit granuloma formation in mice and in human volunteers. When oral immunotherapy of mice was tried with birch pollen-filled PLGA microparticles, mucosal targeting was indispensable for achieving any immune response, and targeting of M-cells was necessary for modulating an ongoing allergic response toward Th1. The authors suggest that biocompatible PLGA nano- or microparticles can be useful tools for upgrading therapy of type I allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Schöll
- Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Towards paired and coupled electrode reactions for clean organic microreactor electrosyntheses. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-006-9122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Batanero B, Barba F, Sánchez-Sánchez CM, Aldaz A. Paired electrosynthesis of cyanoacetic acid. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2423-6. [PMID: 15049640 DOI: 10.1021/jo0358473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyanoacetic acid is formed by cathodic reduction of CO(2) and anodic oxidation of the tetraalkylammonium salt anion; the process is conduced in acetonitrile using a divided cell with a medium porosity glass-frit diaphragm. A mechanism for this paired electrochemical reaction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Batanero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Schöll I, Weissenböck A, Förster-Waldl E, Untersmayr E, Walter F, Willheim M, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Scheiner O, Gabor F, Jensen-Jarolim E. Allergen-loaded biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles down-regulate an ongoing Th2 response in the BALB/c mouse model. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:315-21. [PMID: 14987314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Biocompatible and biodegradable microparticles have gained interest as antigen delivery systems during the recent years. We investigated whether biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanospheres could be used as allergen vehicles for few-shot therapy of type I allergy. METHODS The major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 was encapsulated in PLGA nanospheres (PLGA-Bet v 1). We examined the antigenicity and the immune response to PLGA-Bet v 1 in a BALB/c mouse model. RESULTS The antigenicity of Bet v 1 was largely unaffected by PLGA entrapment. When BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with PLGA-Bet v 1, they formed allergen-specific IgG antibodies, but did not develop hypersensitivity to Bet v 1, as shown by type I skin tests. To evaluate their therapeutic potential, PLGA-Bet v 1 with or without Al(OH)3 or non-entrapped Bet v 1 with Al(OH)3 were used for single-shot treatment of sensitized mice. Both groups treated with PLGA-Bet v 1 developed high levels of Bet v 1-specific IgG2a antibodies (P<0.01), whereas IgG1 levels decreased significantly (P<0.01). Moreover, T cells from mice treated with PLGA-Bet v 1 showed IFN-gamma and IL-10 production. The synthesis of these cytokines was enhanced in the groups where Al(OH)3 had been added to the vaccine formulation. CONCLUSION Allergen-loaded PLGA nanoparticles modulate an ongoing Th2 response in the BALB/c mouse model, as demonstrated by down-regulation of IgG1 and production of IFN-gamma and IL-10. Our data strongly suggest that PLGA nanospheres can advantageously be used for formulations of allergen extracts or allergen derivatives for the few-shot treatment of type I allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Schöll
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Feroci M, Casadei MA, Orsini M, Palombi L, Inesi A. Cyanomethyl anion/carbon dioxide system: an electrogenerated carboxylating reagent. Synthesis of carbamates under mild and safe conditions. J Org Chem 2003; 68:1548-51. [PMID: 12585900 DOI: 10.1021/jo0266036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new carboxylating reagent ((-)CH(2)CN/CO(2)) was obtained by bubbling CO(2) in a CH(3)CN-TEAP (tetraethylammonium perchlorate) solution previously electrolyzed under galvanostatic control. Organic carbamates were isolated from these solutions after addition of amines and an alkylating agent. In this paper, we describe the optimized conditions for the electrochemical synthesis of carbamates from amines and CO(2), in mild and safe conditions, without any addition of bases, probases, or catalysts. Carbamates were isolated from primary and secondary aliphatic amines in high to excellent yields and from aromatic amines in moderate yields (dependent on the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Feroci
- Dip. Ingegneria Chimica, Materiali, Materie Prime e Metallurgia, Università La Sapienza, via Castro Laurenziano, 7, I-00161 Roma, Italy.
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