1
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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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2
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Heravi MM, Mohammadi L. Application of Pauson-Khand reaction in the total synthesis of terpenes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38325-38373. [PMID: 35493249 PMCID: PMC9044263 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pauson-Khand reaction (PKR) is a formal [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition involving an alkyne, an alkene and carbon monoxide mediated by a hexacarbonyldicobaltalkyne complex to yield cyclopentenones in a single step. This versatile reaction has become a method of choice for the synthesis of cyclopentenone and its derivatives since its discovery in the early seventies. The aim of this review is to point out the applications of PKR in the total synthesis of terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Leila Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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3
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Radical Silyl‐ and Germylzincation of Propargylic Alcohols. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Zhang ZT, Ma Y, Fan NL, Hu XG. Synthesis of (non-classical) C-acyl-glycosides via Liebeskind–Srogl coupling: Scope, limitation, improved synthesis and antioxidant activity of scleropentaside A. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Harned AM, Stoltz BM. Development of a catalytic enantioselective synthesis of the guanacastepene and heptemerone tricyclic core. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:3166-3177. [PMID: 31937979 PMCID: PMC6959853 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For nearly two decades, synthetic chemists have been fascinated by the structural complexity and synthetic challenges afforded by the guanacastepene and heptemerone diterpenoids.Numerous synthetic approaches to these compounds have been reported, but to date the application of enantioselective catalysis to this problem has not been realized. Herein we report an enantioselective synthesis of an advanced intermediate corresponding to the tricyclic core common to the guanacastepenes and heptemerones. Highlights of this work include sequential Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation reactions to generate the two all carbon quaternary stereocenters, the use of ring-closing metathesis to close the A ring in the presence of a distal allyl sidechain, and a region and diastereoselective oxidation of an trienol ether to introduce oxygenation on the A ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Harned
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 1204 Boston Ave, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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6
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Otawa Y, Mori K. Construction of seven- and eight-membered carbocycles by Lewis acid catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13856-13859. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08074k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Concise construction of seven- or eight-membered carbocycles was accomplished by Lewis acid catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Otawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
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7
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Recent Progress in the Total Synthesis of Dolabellane and Dolastane Diterpenes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/b96882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Li F, Tu Q, Chen S, Zhu L, Lan Y, Gong J, Yang Z. Bioinspired Asymmetric Synthesis of Hispidanin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5844-5848. [PMID: 28332749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first enantiospecific synthesis of hispidanin A (4), a dimeric diterpenoid from the rhizomes of Isodon hispida, was achieved with a longest linear sequence of 12 steps in 6.5 % overall yield. A key component is the use of the abundant and naturally occurring diterpenoids (+)-sclareolide and (+)-sclareol as starting materials, which enables the gram-scale preparation of the key intermediates totarane (1) and s-trans-12E,14-labdadien-20,8β-olide (2). Subsequently a thermal or an erbium-catalyzed intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction of totarane (1) with labdadienolide (2) provide convergent and rapid access to the natural product hispidanin A (4). The synthetic studies have offered significant impetus for the efficient construction of these architecturally complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Tu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
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9
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Li F, Tu Q, Chen S, Zhu L, Lan Y, Gong J, Yang Z. Bioinspired Asymmetric Synthesis of Hispidanin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qian Tu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 China
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10
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Urabe D, Asaba T, Inoue M. Convergent Strategies in Total Syntheses of Complex Terpenoids. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9207-31. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Urabe
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Asaba
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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11
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Marković D, Kolympadi M, Deguin B, Porée FH, Turks M. The isolation and synthesis of neodolastane diterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:230-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This account summarises the progress in isolation, characterisation and synthesis of diterpenoids sharing a tricyclic neodolastane skeleton as well as their biogenetic origin and diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Marković
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Maria Kolympadi
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Rijeka
- 51000 Rijeka
- Croatia
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - François-Hugues Porée
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga LV-1007
- Latvia
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12
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Alves LDC, Desiderá AL, de Oliveira KT, Newton S, Ley SV, Brocksom TJ. A practical deca-gram scale ring expansion of (R)-(−)-carvone to (R)-(+)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-cyclohept-3-enone-1. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7633-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00525f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A route to enantiopure (R)-(+)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-cyclohept-3-enone-1, an intermediate for terpenoids, has been developed and includes a highly chemo- and regioselective Tiffeneau–Demjanov reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de C. Alves
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos – SP
- Brazil
| | - André L. Desiderá
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos – SP
- Brazil
| | | | - Sean Newton
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Timothy J. Brocksom
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos – SP
- Brazil
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13
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Reddy MS, Thirupathi N, Hari Babu M, Puri S. Synthesis of Substituted 3-Iodocoumarins and 3-Iodobutenolides via Electrophilic Iodocyclization of Ethoxyalkyne Diols. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5878-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400499r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maddi Sridhar Reddy
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
| | - Nuligonda Thirupathi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
| | - Madala Hari Babu
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
| | - Surendra Puri
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow-226 001, U.P., India
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14
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Williams DR, Pinchman JR. Studies of neodolastanes — Synthesis of the tricyclic core of the trichoaurantianolides. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/v2012-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies toward the synthesis of trichoaurantianolide C (5) are described. Stille cross-coupling reactions of (E)- and (Z)-β-stannyl-α,β-unsaturated esters with allylic acetate 32 provide for the stereocontrolled formation of nonconjugated 2,5-diene-1-ols. Studies of the asymmetric Sharpless epoxidation are utilized to establish diastereofacial selectivity for the preparation of a crucial C2 tertiary allylic alcohol for subsequent esterification and ring-closing metathesis. SmI2 reductive cyclization of the key butenolide precursor 49 led to formation of the central seven-membered ring of the tricyclic core of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-7102, USA
| | - Joseph R. Pinchman
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-7102, USA
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15
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Gampe CM, Carreira EM. Cyclohexyne cycloinsertion in the divergent synthesis of guanacastepenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:15761-71. [PMID: 23080228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The guanacastepenes are a family of 15 diterpenes that share a common 5-6-7 tricyclic core, which is decorated with quaternary centers, unsaturation, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Some of these natural products show interesting antimicrobial potency. Their collective structural and biological features have stirred up vibrant activity among organic chemists. Herein, we disclose an account of our studies toward the synthesis of a number of guanacastepenes. The synthetic strategy relies on the use of cyclohexyne in a cycloinsertion reaction to rapidly construct the guanacastepene core. Isolation of a cyclobutenol as intermediate in the cyclohexyne cycloinsertion provided us with the possibility to study further the reactivity of this metastable compound, and we uncovered novel rearrangements and ring-opening reactions. Stereoselective, late-stage oxidative diversification of the carbon scaffold allowed the synthesis of guanacastepenes N and O and paved the way for the synthesis of guanacastepenes H and D.
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16
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Haussener TJ, Looper RE. Access to the pactamycin core via an epoxide opening cascade. Org Lett 2012; 14:3632-5. [PMID: 22758908 DOI: 10.1021/ol301461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy to establish five contiguous stereocenters, in a stereocontrolled manner, on the core structure of pactamycin is described. This sequence exploits the use of a Lewis acid mediated epoxide opening cascade to set the relative configuration of the C4-C5 diol while reversing the configuration at C7. This sequence provides the oxygenated core of pactamycin in just 11 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Haussener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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17
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Zhang L, Xie X, Liu J, Qi J, Ma D, She X. Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Dasyscyphin D. Org Lett 2011; 13:2956-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201047m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. Construction of the Tricyclic 5−7−6 Scaffold of Fungi-Derived Diterpenoids. Total Synthesis of (±)-Heptemerone G and an Approach to Danishefsky’s Intermediate for Guanacastepene A Synthesis. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8337-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101758t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw 48, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw 48, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw 48, Poland
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20
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. A facile construction of the tricyclic 5-7-6 scaffold of fungi-derived diterpenoids. The first total synthesis of (±)-heptemerone G and a new approach to Danishefsky’s intermediate for a guanacastepene A synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Rudine AB, Walter MG, Wamser CC. Reaction of Dichloromethane with Pyridine Derivatives under Ambient Conditions. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4292-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100276m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Rudine
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
| | - Michael G. Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
| | - Carl C. Wamser
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
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22
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Weickgenannt A, Oestreich M. Silicon- and Tin-Based Cuprates: Now Catalytic in Copper! Chemistry 2010; 16:402-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Fang X, Tong X. Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enyne with 2-bromoarylaldehyde: domino sequence to [5-7-6] tricyclic ring systems. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schwartz BD, Denton JR, Lian Y, Davies HML, Williams CM. Asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloadditions between vinylcarbenoids and dienes: application to the total synthesis of the natural product (-)-5-epi-vibsanin E. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8329-32. [PMID: 19445507 PMCID: PMC2717789 DOI: 10.1021/ja9019484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of (-)-5-epi-vibsanin E (2) has been achieved in 18 steps. The synthesis combines the rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition between a vinylcarbenoid and a diene to rapidly generate the tricyclic core with an effective end game strategy to introduce the remaining side-chains. The [4 + 3] cycloaddition occurs by a cyclopropanation to form a divinylcyclopropane followed by a Cope rearrangement to form a cycloheptadiene. The quaternary stereogenic center generated in the process can be obtained with high asymmetric induction when the reaction is catalyzed by the chiral dirhodium complex, Rh(2)(S-PTAD)(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Schwartz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin R. Denton
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Yajing Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Malik CK, Yadav RN, Drew MGB, Ghosh S. Synthesis of Fused Cyclic Systems Containing Medium-Sized Rings through Tandem ROM-RCM of Norbornene Derivatives Embedded in a Carbohydrate Template. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1957-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802077t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal K. Malik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Ram Naresh Yadav
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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26
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. A synthetic approach to the functionalized hydroazulene core of guanacastepenes and heptemerenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Terpenes represent one of the largest and most diverse classes of secondary metabolites, with over 55,000 members isolated to date. The terpene cyclase enzymes used in nature convert simple, linear hydrocarbon phosphates into an exotic array of chiral, carbocyclic skeletons. Further oxidation and rearrangement results in an almost endless number of conceivable structures. The enormous structural diversity presented by this class of natural products ensures a broad range of biological properties-ranging from anti-cancer and anti-malarial activities to tumor promotion and ion-channel binding. The marked structural differences of terpenes also largely thwart the development of any truly general strategies for their synthetic construction. This review focuses on synthetic strategies directed toward some of the most complex, biologically relevant terpenes prepared by total synthesis within the past decade. Of crucial importance are both the obstacles that modern synthetic chemists must confront when trying to construct such natural products and the key chemical transformations and strategies that have been developed to meet these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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28
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Malik CK, Ghosh S. Domino Metathesis Involving ROM-RCM of Substituted Norbornenes. Rapid Access to Densely Functionalized Tricyclic Bridged and Condensed Ring Systems. Org Lett 2007; 9:2537-40. [PMID: 17536812 DOI: 10.1021/ol070906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Domino metathesis involving ROM-RCM of appropriately constructed norbornene derivatives having multiple alkene chains leads to direct access of highly functionalized bridged tricyclic compounds while that of a compound having two norbornene units tethered through one carbon produces a linearly arrayed condensed tricyclic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal K Malik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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29
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McGowan CA, Schmieder AK, Roberts L, Greaney MF. Synthesis of the guanacastepene A–B hydrazulene ring system through photochemical ring transposition. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1522-4. [PMID: 17571179 DOI: 10.1039/b704865c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The A-B hydrazulene ring system of the guanacastepenes has been synthesised using a photochemical ring transposition of a 6-6 bicycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A McGowan
- University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, King's Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, UKEH9 3JJ
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30
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Iimura S, Overman LE, Paulini R, Zakarian A. Enantioselective total synthesis of guanacastepene N using an uncommon 7-endo Heck cyclization as a pivotal step. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13095-101. [PMID: 17017789 PMCID: PMC3804222 DOI: 10.1021/ja0650504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convergent, enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-guanacastepene N was developed that features a 7-endo Heck cyclization as the key step. In the course of this synthesis, short syntheses of the enantiomerically pure cyclopentenone and cyclohexene building blocks 5 and 6, which constitute A and C ring fragments of guanacastepene N, were developed. These fragments were linked by a challenging conjugate addition reaction that also generated the C11 quaternary carbon stereocenter. Regioselective 7-endo Heck cyclization gave rise to a tricyclic intermediate, which was elaborated to complete the first total synthesis of guanacastepene N and the second enantioselective total synthesis of a guanacastepene natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Ralph Paulini
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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31
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Abstract
With the exception of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings, no other group of reactions has had such a profound impact on the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and the art of total synthesis in the last quarter of a century than the metathesis reactions of olefins, enynes, and alkynes. Herein, we highlight a number of selected examples of total syntheses in which such processes played a crucial role and which imparted to these endeavors certain elements of novelty, elegance, and efficiency. Judging from their short but impressive history, the influence of these reactions in chemical synthesis is destined to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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32
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Li CC, Wang CH, Liang B, Zhang XH, Deng LJ, Liang S, Chen JH, Wu YD, Yang Z. Synthetic Study of 1,3-Butadiene-Based IMDA Approach to Construct a [5−7−6] Tricyclic Core and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of C8-epi-Guanacastepene O. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6892-7. [PMID: 16930042 DOI: 10.1021/jo060996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) strategy for the construction of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core (18) of guanacastepenes has been developed from cis- and trans-1,3-butadiene-tethered 4-oxopent-2-ynoic acid ethyl esters 10 and 11. This method facilitates the synthesis of C8-epi-guanacastepene O (36) in a very efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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33
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Mandal M, Yun H, Dudley GB, Lin S, Tan DS, Danishefsky SJ. Total synthesis of guanacastepene a: a route to enantiomeric control. J Org Chem 2006; 70:10619-37. [PMID: 16355979 DOI: 10.1021/jo051470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The goal of the total synthesis of guanacastepene A served as a focus to bring together several chemical inquiries. One involved the synthesis of fused 5,7-hydrazulenones (see structure 20). Another issue had to do with the mechanistic intermediates in reductive cyclizations (see 17 to 18 and 19). The total synthesis required a mastery of an intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation of a beta,gamma-unsaturated ketone (see compound 41). Actually, cyclization was best accomplished when the terminal double bond of 41 was first converted to an epoxide. Further issues related to the stereochemistry at C5 and, rather surprisingly, the propensity for beta-face acetoxylation at C13. Crystallographic verification of the assigned beta-stereochemistry at C13 is provided. Finally, a route to optically active material is provided (see compound 20). A key element in this construction was an enantioselective addition of isopropenyl cuprate to 2-methylcyclopentenone (see compound 99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, Box 106, New York, New York 10021, USA
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34
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35
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Auer G, Oestreich M. Silylzincation of carbon–carbon multiple bonds revisited. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:311-3. [PMID: 16391744 DOI: 10.1039/b513528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first investigation of the copper-catalyzed silylzincation of alkynes as well as a diene and styrene using bis(triorganosilyl) zinc reagents led to the development of an efficient procedure and the disclosure of an unexpected bissilylation and unforeseen regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Auer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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36
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Boyer FD, Hanna I. Substituent Effects in Tandem Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions of Dienynes. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Li CC, Liang S, Zhang XH, Xie ZX, Chen JH, Wu YD, Yang Z. Exploring an Expedient IMDA Reaction Approach to Construct the Guanacastepene Core. Org Lett 2005; 7:3709-12. [PMID: 16092856 DOI: 10.1021/ol051312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Construction of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core of guanacastepenes was attempted by using the intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction and Me(3)Al-mediated ring opening of the oxabridge as key synthetic steps. The illustrated chemistry demonstrated a synthetic feasibility to build up the framework of guanacastepenes by the IMDA reaction. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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38
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39
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Abstract
An asymmetric approach toward the [6-7-5] ring system of the guanacastepenes is described. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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40
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Yun H, Danishefsky SJ. A protocol to accomplish ‘homo-Robinson’ annulation: application to the guanacastepene problem. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Srikrishna A, Dethe DH. Synthetic approaches to guanacastepenes. Enantiospecific syntheses of BC and AB ring systems of guanacastepenes and rameswaralide. Org Lett 2005; 6:165-8. [PMID: 14723519 DOI: 10.1021/ol036057i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A simple and efficient approach for the BC and AB ring systems of the novel diterpenes guanacastepenes and rameswaralide starting from the readily and abundantly available monoterpene (R)-carvone employing RCM reaction as the key step is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srikrishna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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42
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Abstract
A total synthesis of the structure corresponding to the novel tricyclic diterpene guanacastepene C has been realized in which a Knoevenagel cyclization serves as a key step to annulate the six-membered C-ring on a stereochemically secured bicyclic hydroazulene precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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43
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J. Danishefsky S, Yun H, Meng Z. Enantiotopic Synthesis of Natural Products: Merrilactone and Guanacastepene. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-05-sr(k)2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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45
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Boyer FD, Hanna I, Ricard L. Formal Synthesis of (±)-Guanacastepene A: A Tandem Ring-Closing Metathesis Approach. Org Lett 2004; 6:1817-20. [PMID: 15151422 DOI: 10.1021/ol049452x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise route to a key intermediate in the total synthesis of guanacastepene A is described. The main features include the simultaneous construction of the seven- and six-membered rings, using a tandem ring-closing metathesis and a stereoselective introduction of the oxygenated function at the C5 position. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Didier Boyer
- Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, I.N.R.A., Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles, France
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46
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Mandal M, Danishefsky SJ. Probing the formation and chemistry of enoxyoxirane derivatives in the C-ring en route to guanacastepene. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Mandal M, Danishefsky SJ. Probing competitive pathways in building a hydroazulene moiety by reductive cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Chiu P, Li S. An Expeditious Nazarov Cyclization Strategy toward the Hydroazulene Core of Guanacastepene A. Org Lett 2004; 6:613-6. [PMID: 14961636 DOI: 10.1021/ol036433z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydroazulene core of guanacastepene A has been synthesized in five steps from commercially available starting materials using a classical Nazarov cyclization to install the stereochemistry in the cyclopentanone diastereoselectively. In the presence or absence of Lewis bases, a hydroazulenone or a spirocyclic ketone generated via a novel Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement is obtained with excellent selectivity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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49
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. An asymmetric approach toward the [6-7] ring system of the guanacastepenes is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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50
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Brummond KM, Gao D. Unique strategy for the assembly of the carbon skeleton of guanacastepene A using an allenic Pauson-Khand-type reaction. Org Lett 2003; 5:3491-4. [PMID: 12967307 DOI: 10.1021/ol035322x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An approach to the highly functionalized tricyclic core of guanacastepene A has been developed using a rhodium(I)-catalyzed allenic Pauson-Khand reaction. This approach constitutes a conceptually novel strategy for the synthesis of this tricyclic framework, whereby the six-membered ring is formed intially followed by simultaneous formation of the five- and seven-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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