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The Effects of Side-Chain Configurations of a Retro-Inverso-Type Inhibitor on the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV)-1 Protease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051646. [PMID: 35268749 PMCID: PMC8911550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of side-chain configurations of D-Ile residues of a retro–inverso (RI)-type inhibitor on the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) protease containing a hydroxyethylamine dipeptide isostere were clarified. Prior to evaluation using the RI-type inhibitor, the effects of side-chain configurations of Ile residues of the substrate peptide on the HTLV-1 protease were examined to estimate the influence of side-chain configurations on enzyme activity. Based on the estimation of the influence of side-chain configurations on protease affinity, the RI-type inhibitors containing a D-allo-Ile residue in the corresponding substrate sequence, instead of a D-Ile residue, were synthesized via 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Refolded recombinant HTLV-1 protease (1-116, L40I) was used for the simple and short evaluation of the inhibitory activities of the synthesized RI-type inhibitors. The results clearly indicated that mimicking the whole topology, comprising both the main- and side-chain structures of the parent inhibitor, is effective for the design of potent RI-modified protease inhibitors.
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Kobayashi K, Otani T, Ijiri S, Kawasaki Y, Matsubara H, Miyagi T, Kitajima T, Iseki R, Ishizawa K, Shindo N, Okawa K, Ueda K, Ando S, Kawakita M, Hattori Y, Akaji K. Structure-activity relationship study of hydroxyethylamine isostere and P1' site structure of peptide mimetic BACE1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116459. [PMID: 34700240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An aromatic substituent has been introduced into a known hydroxyethylamine (HEA)-type BACE1 inhibitor containing the superior substrate sequence to enhance inhibitory activity. The HEA-type isosteres bearing different hydroxyl group and methyl group configurations were prepared through a branched synthesis approach using intra- and inter-molecular epoxide opening reactions. The effect of their configuration was evaluated, showing that an R-configuration improved the inhibitory activity, while introduction of a methyl group on the isostere decreased the activity. Based on the non-substituted isostere with an R-configuration, 21 derivatives containing various substituents at the P1' site were synthesized. Our evaluation of the derivatives showed that the structure of the P1' site had a clear effect on activity, and highly potent inhibitor 40g, which showed sub-micromolar activity against recombinant BACE1 (rBACE1), was identified. The docking simulation of 40g with rBACE1 suggested that a carboxymethyl group at the para-position of the P1' benzene ring interacted with Lys285 in the S1' pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Takuya Otani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Saki Ijiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsubara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Taishi Kitajima
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Risa Iseki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Katsuyasu Ishizawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Naoka Shindo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kouta Okawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kouta Ueda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Syun Ando
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Momoka Kawakita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kenichi Akaji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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Akaji K. [Studies on Functional Molecules Based on Peptide Chemistry]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:215-233. [PMID: 33518643 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies on functional molecules starting from syntheses of cysteine-containing peptides and protein are described. Starting from evaluation of a cysteine specific side-reaction, a specific reaction for disulfide-bond formation was developed. The reaction made it possible to independently construct a disulfide bridge without effecting the existing disulfide bonds, which resulted in a unique approach for the synthesis of human insulin by site-specific disulfide bond formation. In a series of studies on sulfur-containing amino acids, another cysteine related un-natural amino acid, α-methyl cysteine, was used for the total syntheses of natural products containing a unique thiazorine/thiazole ring system. Chloroimidazolidium coupling reagent developed by us was effective for the successive couplings of the α-methyl cysteine residues. Based on these synthetic studies, design and evaluation of protease inhibitors were then studied, since a stereo-specific synthesis of the key structure is crucial to make the inhibitor an effective functional molecule in the interactions with its target protease. As the target proteases, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and chymotrypsin-like protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS 3CL protease) were selected: the former is a crucial enzyme for amyloid β production and the latter is an essential enzyme for the re-construction of SARS corona virus in host cells. Structure optimization procedure of the respective inhibitors are described based on X-ray crystal structure analyses of the inhibitor-protease complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Akaji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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4
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Tamamura H, Kobayakawa T, Ohashi N. Introduction to Mid-size Drugs and Peptidomimetics. MID-SIZE DRUGS BASED ON PEPTIDES AND PEPTIDOMIMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7691-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Ghosh AK, Cárdenas EL, Brindisi M. Highly Stereoselective Asymmetric Aldol Routes to tert-Butyl-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamates: Building Blocks for Novel Protease Inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:4062-4065. [PMID: 29335658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective syntheses of tert-butyl ((S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((S)-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate and ((S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((R)-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate are described. We utilized asymmetric syn- and anti-aldol reactions to set both stereogenic centers. We investigated ester-derived Ti-enolate aldol reactions as well as Evans' diastereoselective syn-aldol reaction for these syntheses. We have converted optically active ((S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((S)-oxiran-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate to a potent β-secretase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Emilio L Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Effect of prime-site sequence of retro-inverso-modified HTLV-1 protease inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2482-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sugar–amino acid cyclic conjugates as novel conformationally constrained hydroxyethylamine transition-state isosteres. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kale SS, Chavan ST, Sabharwal SG, Puranik VG, Sanjayan GJ. Bicyclic amino acid-carbohydrate-conjugates as conformationally restricted hydroxyethylamine (HEA) transition-state isosteres. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7300-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hernández D, Lindsay KB, Nielsen L, Mittag T, Bjerglund K, Friis S, Mose R, Skrydstrup T. Further studies toward the stereocontrolled synthesis of silicon-containing peptide mimics. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3283-93. [PMID: 20423092 DOI: 10.1021/jo100301n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Further studies are reported on the utilization of the versatile reaction between chiral sulfinimines and alkyldiphenylsilyl lithium reagents with the goal of preparing a wide range of silanediol-based protease inhibitors. In particular, focus has been placed to demonstrate how a number of genetically encoded amino acid side chains such as serine, threonine, tyrosine, lysine, proline, arginine, aspartate and asparagine might be incorporated into the overall approach. Efforts to apply this synthetic methodology for accessing biologically relevant silanediol dipeptide mimics are also described. This includes the synthesis of a potential inhibitor of the human neutrophil elastase, as well as a diphenylsilane mimic of a hexapeptide fragment of the human islet amyloid polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dácil Hernández
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Tatsumi T, Awahara C, Naka H, Aimoto S, Konno H, Nosaka K, Akaji K. Evaluation of retro-inverso modifications of HTLV-1 protease inhibitors containing a hydroxyethylamine isoster. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2720-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Naka H, Teruya K, Bang JK, Aimoto S, Tatsumi T, Konno H, Nosaka K, Akaji K. Evaluations of substrate specificity and inhibition at PR/p3 cleavage site of HTLV-1 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3761-4. [PMID: 16682197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Core sequences necessary for substrate recognition and its inhibition at the PR/p3 site of HTLV-1 protease were clarified for the first time. From the cleavage rates of peptides containing a part of the PR/p3 site, a heptapeptide was found to be the minimal sequence required for substrate recognition. The use of synthetic inhibitors containing hydroxyethylamine dipeptide isostere indicated that a tetrapeptide sequence was necessary to achieve potent inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Naka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Bang JK, Naka H, Teruya K, Aimoto S, Konno H, Nosaka K, Tatsumi T, Akaji K. Solid-Phase Syntheses of Olefin-Containing Inhibitors for HTLV-1 Protease Using the Horner−Emmons Reaction. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10596-9. [PMID: 16323881 DOI: 10.1021/jo051872s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The solid-phase Horner-Emmons reaction was successfully applied for the convenient syntheses of olefin-containing protease inhibitors. The isomerization during the solid-phase Horner-Emmons reaction can be minimized simply by the use of an appropriate amount of the base. The synthesized olefin peptides, which have an olefin gamma-amino acid at the scissile site, were found to act as effective inhibitors for the HTLV-1 protease for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyu Bang
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Application of divergent multi-component reactions in the synthesis of a library of peptidomimetics based on γ-amino-α,β-cyclopropyl acids. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Maegawa H, Kimura T, Arii Y, Matsui Y, Kasai S, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. Identification of peptidomimetic HTLV-I protease inhibitors containing hydroxymethylcarbonyl (HMC) isostere as the transition-state mimic. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5925-9. [PMID: 15501070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Towards the development of chemotherapy for the infection by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), we have established evaluation systems for HTLV-I protease (PR) inhibitors using both recombinant and chemically synthesized HTLV-I PRs. Newly synthesized substrate-based inhibitors containing hydroxymethylcarbonyl (HMC) isostere showed potent anti-HTLV-I PR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikoichiro Maegawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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Abstract
Trisubstituted (E)-alkene isosteres (TEADIs) and novel cyclopropane amide bond isosteres (CPDIs) were synthesized by aldimine addition and three-component aldimine addition-cyclopropanation methodologies, respectively. These new peptide mimetics can serve as beta-turn promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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17
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Synthesis of an olefin-containing cyclic peptide using the solid-phase Horner–Emmons reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Combinatorial chemistry. Drug Discov Today 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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