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Sathyendran S, Senadi GC. An Umpolung Route to Amides from α‐Aminonitriles under Metal‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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Wang T, Kadow JF, Meanwell NA. Innovation in the discovery of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor temsavir and its phosphonooxymethyl prodrug fostemsavir. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:1955-1980. [PMID: 34602806 PMCID: PMC8476988 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of fostemsavir (2), the tromethamine salt of the phosphonooxymethyl prodrug of temsavir (1), encountered significant challenges at many points in the preclinical and clinical development program that, in many cases, stimulated the implementation of innovative solutions in order to enable further progression. In the preclinical program, a range of novel chemistry methodologies were developed during the course of the discovery effort that enabled a thorough examination and definition of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor (AI) pharmacophore. These discoveries helped to address the challenges associated with realizing a molecule with all of the properties necessary to successfully advance through development and this aspect of the program is the major focus of this retrospective. Although challenges and innovation are not unusual in drug discovery and development programs, the HIV-1 AI program is noteworthy not only because of the serial nature of the challenges encountered along the development path, but also because it resulted in a compound that remains the first and only example of a mechanistically novel class of HIV-1 inhibitor that is proving to be very beneficial for controlling virus levels in highly treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected patients. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Beijing Kawin Technology Share-Holdiing Co., 6 Rongjing East Street, BDA, Beijing, PR China
| | - John F Kadow
- ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Road, Branford, CT 06405 USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000 USA
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Wang ZJ, Zheng S, Matsui JK, Lu Z, Molander GA. Desulfonative photoredox alkylation of N-heteroaryl sulfones - an acid-free approach for substituted heteroarene synthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4389-4393. [PMID: 31057765 PMCID: PMC6482881 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Minisci-type alkylation of electron-deficient heteroarenes has been a pivotal technique for medicinal chemists in the synthesis of drug-like molecules. However, such transformations usually require harsh conditions (e.g., strong acids, stoichiometric amount of oxidants, elevated temperatures, etc.). Herein, by utilizing photoredox catalysis, a highly-selective alkylation method using heteroaryl sulfones has been developed that can be carried out under acid-free and redox-neutral conditions. Because of these mild conditions, challenging yet privileged structures, such as monosaccharides and unprotected secondary amines, can be installed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 41000 , China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
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4
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Chen YH, Tang RS, Chen LY, Chuang TH. One-Pot Oxidative Coupling/Decyanation of 6,7-Diphenylindolizine-5-carbonitriles and 2,3-Diphenylquinolizine-4-carbonitriles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4501-4506. [PMID: 30864446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot oxidative coupling/decyanation reactions of 6,7-diphenylindolizine-5-carbonitriles and 2,3-diphenylquinolizine-4-carbonitriles were investigated using aryl-aryl oxidative coupling reagents. The phenanthroindolizidinones and phenanthroquinolizidinones were produced in 52-89% yields under VOF3/trifluoroacetic acid or [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene/BF3-mediated conditions. This represents a mild and efficient approach to construct these types of pentacyclic skeletons from the corresponding cyano group-activated aza-Diels-Alder cycloadducts. A plausible mechanism of the one-pot oxidative coupling/decyanation reaction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Rong-Shiow Tang
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Ta-Hsien Chuang
- School of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
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Kalbandhe AH, Kavale AC, Karade NN. Ring-Opening Reaction of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines Using (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene and NaN3: The Synthesis of α-Iminonitriles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit H. Kalbandhe
- Department of Chemistry; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur; 440033 Nagpur India
| | - Ashish C. Kavale
- Department of Chemistry; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur; 440033 Nagpur India
| | - Nandkishor N. Karade
- Department of Chemistry; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur; 440033 Nagpur India
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Lester RP, Bham T, Bousfield TW, Lewis W, Camp JE. Exploring the Reactivity of 2-Trichloromethylbenzoxazoles for Access to Substituted Benzoxazoles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12472-12477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy P. Lester
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Travis Bham
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. Bousfield
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - William Lewis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason E. Camp
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
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7
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Chen ZB, Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Zhang FL, Zhu YM, Shen JK. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Iminonitriles from Aryl Halides via Isocyanide Double Insertion Reaction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1610-6. [PMID: 26816103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis of α-iminonitriles from readily available aryl halides via palladium-catalyzed double isocyanide insertion and elimination has been developed, without using various hypertoxic cyanides and excess oxidants. Furthermore, the utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the rapid total synthesis of quinoxaline and the reaction of functional groups exchanged with aryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fang-Ling Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing-Kang Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, 201203, China
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Zhang Y, Pan L, Zou Y, Xu X, Liu Q. Double oxidation of α-(alkylideneamino)nitriles to imides by molecular oxygen under mild basic conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14334-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aksenov AV, Aksenov NA, Nadein ON, Aksenova IV. Nitromethane in Polyphosphoric Acid—A New Reagent for Carboxyamidation and Carboxylation of Activated Aromatic Compounds. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.526284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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He T, Li H, Li P, Wang L. Direct amidation of azoles with formamides via metal-free C-H activation in the presence of tert-butyl perbenzoate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8946-8. [PMID: 21738908 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel and simple method for the direct amidation of azoles with formamides has been developed. The reaction could occur smoothly in the presence of tert-butyl perbenzoate (TBPB) as an oxidant under metal- and base-free conditions. Direct dehydrogenative cross-coupling of formamides and azoles generated the corresponding products in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, PR China
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Pawar SV, Pawar VG, Dehaen W, De Borggraeve WM. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 2(1H)-Pyrazinone 3-Carboxamide Scaffolds. Org Lett 2008; 10:4473-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801664v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonalika V. Pawar
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vijaykumar G. Pawar
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Chekmarev DS, Shorshnev SV, Stepanov AE, Kasatkin AN. Highly selective substitutions in 2,3-dichloropyrazine. A novel general approach to aloisines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Koldobskii GI. Strategies and prospects in functionalization of tetrazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428006040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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One-step reductive amidation of nitro arenes: application in the synthesis of Acetaminophen™. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mukaiyama T, Tozawa T, Yamane Y. A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Carboxamides and Thioesters by Using Tetrakis(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)silane. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-s(t)31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Yin Z, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Wong H, Kadow JF, Meanwell NA, Wang T. Synthesis of substituted aryl amidines from aminoacetonitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Zhu J, Wong H, Zhang Z, Yin Z, Kadow JF, Meanwell NA, Wang T. A one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-containing heteroaryl α-keto amides from heteroaryl halides. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Triazines, tetrazines and fused ring polyaza systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Zhu J, Wong H, Zhang Z, Yin Z, Kadow JF, Meanwell NA, Wang T. Malononitrile as a carbonyl synthon: a one-pot preparation of heteroaryl amide via a S N Ar-oxidation–displacement strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Yin Z, Zhang Z, Kadow JF, Meanwell NA, Wang T. Acetonitrile Derivatives as Carbonyl Synthons. One-Pot Preparation of Diheteroaryl Ketones via a Strategy of Sequential SNAr Substitution and Oxidation. J Org Chem 2004; 69:1364-7. [PMID: 14961693 DOI: 10.1021/jo030234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anion of 2-aryl acetonitrile derivatives reacted with a variety of heteroaryl chlorides or bromides in an S(N)Ar manifold to afford intermediate anions which were susceptible to oxidation. The addition of sodium peroxide and aqueous NH(4)OAc solution effected oxidation to afford aryl heteroaryl ketones in good yields. Aryl acetonitrile derivatives are thus umpolung-type synthons of the corresponding aryl carbonyl functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA
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