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Datta D. A convenient route to synthesize N2-(isobutyryl)-9-(carboxymethyl)guanine for aeg-PNA backbone. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 39:530-541. [PMID: 31588835 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1666139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of exclusive N2-(isobutyryl)-9-(carboxymethyl)guanine, an important moiety for peptide nucleic acid synthesis has been reported through a high-yielding reaction scheme starting from 6-chloro-2-amino purine. Crystal structures of two intermediates confirmed the formation of N9-regioisomer. This new synthetic route can potentially replace the conventional tedious method with moderate overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Unit, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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2
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Hernández D, Boto A. Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Properties of Azanucleoside Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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3
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Doluca O, Withers JM, Filichev VV. Molecular engineering of guanine-rich sequences: Z-DNA, DNA triplexes, and G-quadruplexes. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3044-83. [PMID: 23391174 DOI: 10.1021/cr300225q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Doluca
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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4
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Ngamwiriyawong P, Vilaivan T. Synthesis and nucleic acids binding properties of diastereomeric aminoethylprolyl peptide nucleic acids (aepPNA). NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2011; 30:97-112. [PMID: 21360408 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2010.547839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A general synthetic method for Fmoc-protected monomers of all four diastereomeric aminoethyl peptide nucleic acid (aepPNA) has been developed. The key reaction is the coupling of nucleobase-modified proline derivatives and Fmoc-protected aminoacetaldehyde by reductive alkylation. Oligomerization of the aepPNAs up to 10mer was achieved by Fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis methodology. Preliminary binding studies of these aepPNA oligomers with nucleic acids suggested that the "cis-" homothymine aepPNA decamers with (2'R,4'R) and (2'S,4'S) configurations can bind, albeit with slow kinetics, to their complementary RNA [poly(adenylic acid)] but not to the complementary DNA [poly(deoxyadenylic acid)]. On the other hand, the trans homothymine aepPNA decamers with (2'R,4'S) and (2'S,4'R) configurations failed to form stable hybrid with poly(adenylic acid) and poly(deoxyadenylic acid). No hybrid formation could be observed between a mixed-base (2'R,4'R)-aepPNA decamer with DNA and RNA in both antiparallel and parallel orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharee Ngamwiriyawong
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Romeo G, Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Merino P. Chemical Synthesis of Heterocyclic−Sugar Nucleoside Analogues. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3337-70. [PMID: 20232792 DOI: 10.1021/cr800464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romeo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Antonino Corsaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Pedro Merino
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
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Fraley AW, Pons B, Dalkara D, Nullans G, Behr JP, Zuber G. Cationic oligonucleotide-peptide conjugates with aggregating properties enter efficiently into cells while maintaining hybridization properties and enzymatic recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:10763-71. [PMID: 16910671 DOI: 10.1021/ja060873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide delivery is a crucial issue for therapeutical purposes and is often addressed by conjugation to short cationic peptides although with controversial results. To further examine this mechanism, a 15-mer anionic oligonucleotide was conjugated to a cationic peptide in order to obtain a diblock compound with an overall positive charge with aggregation properties. These microaggregates were efficiently internalized in cells via the expeditious pathway used by commercial gene delivery systems. Moreover, stability of the duplex formed with the complementary sequence increased without inhibiting oligonucleotide enzyme recognition as shown by the properties of the conjugate to prime chain elongation by Taq DNA polymerase in a linear amplification/sequencing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Fraley
- Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chimie Génétique associé au CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
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7
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Englund EA, Xu Q, Witschi MA, Appella DH. PNA-DNA duplexes, triplexes, and quadruplexes are stabilized with trans-cyclopentane units. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:16456-7. [PMID: 17177367 DOI: 10.1021/ja064317w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are non-natural nucleic acid mimics that bind to complementary DNA and RNA with high affinity and selectivity. PNA can bind to nucleic acids in a number of different ways. Currently, the formation of PNA-oligonucleotide duplex, triplex, and quadruplex structures have been reported. PNAs have been used in numerous biomedicial applications, but there are few strategies to predictably improve the binding properties of PNAs by backbone modification. We have been studying the benefits of incorporating (S,S)-trans-cyclopentane diamine units (tcyp) into the PNA backbone. In this Communication, we report the improvement in stability associated with tcyp incorporation into PNA-DNA duplexes, triplexes, and quadruplexes. The broad utility of this modification across multiple types of PNA structures is unique and should prove useful in the development of applications that rely on PNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan A Englund
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Seela F, Shaikh KI. pH-Independent triplex formation: hairpin DNA containing isoguanine or 9-deaza-9-propynylguanine in place of protonated cytosine. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3993-4004. [PMID: 17047881 DOI: 10.1039/b610930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) containing 2'-deoxyisoguanosine (2), 7-bromo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyisoguanosine (2) as well as the propynylated 9-deazaguanine N7-(2'-deoxyribonucleoside) were prepared. For this the phosphoramidites 9a, b of the nucleoside 1 and, the phosphoramidites 19, 20 of compound 3b were synthesized. They were employed in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis to yield the protected 31-mer oligonucleotides. The deblocking of the allyl-protected oligonucleotides containing 1 was carried out by Pd(0)[PPh3]4-PPh3 followed by 25% aq. NH3. Formation of the 31-mer single-stranded intramolecular triplexes was studied by UV-melting curve analysis. In the single-stranded 31-mer oligonucleotides the protonated dC in the dCH(+)-dG-dC base triad was replaced by 2'-deoxyisoguanosine (1), 7-bromo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyisoguanosine (2) and, 9-deaza-9-propynylguanine N7-(2'-deoxyribonucleoside) (3b). The replacement of protonated dC by compounds 1 and 3b resulted in intramolecular triplexes which are formed pH-independently and are stable under neutral conditions. These triplexes contain "purine" nucleosides in the third pyrimidine rich strand of the oligonucleotide hairpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seela
- Laboratorium für Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany.
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9
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Kočalka P, Pohl R, Rejman D, Rosenberg I. Synthesis of racemic and enantiomeric 3-pyrrolidinyl derivatives of nucleobases. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Seela F, Shaikh K, Wiglenda T. pH-Independent Recognition of the dG ⋅ dC Base Pair in Triplex DNA: 9-DeazaguanineN7-(2′-Deoxyribonucleoside) and Halogenated Derivatives Replacing Protonated dC. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Shirude PS, Kumar VA, Ganesh KN. BisPNA Targeting to DNA: Effect of Neutral Loop on DNA Duplex Strand Invasion byaepPNA-N7G/aepPNA-C Substituted Peptide Nucleic Acids. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Hollenstein M, Leumann CJ. Fluorinated olefinic peptide nucleic acid: synthesis and pairing properties with complementary DNA. J Org Chem 2005; 70:3205-17. [PMID: 15822983 DOI: 10.1021/jo047753e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fluorinated olefinic peptide nucleic acid (F-OPA) system was designed as a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analogue in which the base carrying amide moiety was replaced by an isostructural and isoelectrostatic fluorinated C-C double bond, locking the nucleobases in one of the two possible rotameric forms. By comparison of the base-pairing properties of this analogue with its nonfluorinated analogue OPA and PNA, we aimed at a closer understanding of the role of this amide function in complementary DNA recognition. Here we present the synthesis of the F-OPA monomer building blocks containing the nucleobases A, T, and G according to the MMTr/Acyl protecting group scheme. Key steps are a selective desymmetrization of the double bond in the monomer precursor via lactonization as well as a highly regioselective Mitsunobu reaction for the introduction of the bases. PNA decamers containing single F-OPA mutations and fully modified F-OPA decamers and pentadecamers containing the bases A and T were synthesized by solid-phase peptide chemistry, and their hybridization properties with complementary parallel and antiparallel DNA were assessed by UV melting curves and CD spectroscopic methods. The stability of the duplexes formed by the decamers containing single (Z)-F-OPA modifications with parallel and antiparallel DNA was found to be strongly dependent on their position in the sequence with T(m) values ranging from +2.4 to -8.1 degrees C/modification as compared to PNA. Fully modified F-OPA decamers and pentadecamers were found to form parallel duplexes with complementary DNA with reduced stability compared to PNA or OPA. An asymmetric F-OPA pentadecamer was found to form a stable self-complex (T(m) approximately 65 degrees C) of unknown structure. The generally reduced affinity to DNA may therefore be due to an increased propensity for self-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hollenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Kumar VA, Ganesh KN. Conformationally constrained PNA analogues: structural evolution toward DNA/RNA binding selectivity. Acc Chem Res 2005; 38:404-12. [PMID: 15895978 DOI: 10.1021/ar030277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 12 years ago, aminoethylglycyl peptide nucleic acid (aeg-PNA) has emerged as one of the successful DNA mimics for potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. An important requisite for in vivo applications that has received inadequate attention is engineering PNA analogues for able discrimination between DNA and RNA as binding targets. Our approach toward this aim is based on structural preorganization of the backbone to hybridization-competent conformations to impart binding selectivity. This strategy has allowed us to design locked PNAs to achieve specific hybridization with DNA or RNA with aims to increase the binding strength without losing the binding specificity. This Account presents results of our rationale in design of different conformationally constrained PNA analogues, their synthesis, and evaluation of hybridization specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaijayanti A Kumar
- Division of Organic Synthesis, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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Lonkar PS, Kumar VA. Design and synthesis of conformationally frozen peptide nucleic acid backbone: chiral piperidine PNA as a hexitol nucleic acid surrogate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2147-9. [PMID: 15080997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design and facile synthesis of novel chiral piperidine PNA from naturally occurring 4-hydroxy-L-proline is reported. The stereospecific ring-expansion reaction to get six-membered piperidine derivative from 5-membered pyrrolidine derivative is exploited for this synthesis. The resulting conformationally constrained PNA is utilized for the synthesis of PNA mixmers and the concept is substantiated by UV-Tm studies of the resulting PNA(2):DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi S Lonkar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Synthesis, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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15
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Seela F, Shaikh K, Wiglenda T, Leonard P. Synthesis of 9-Halogenated 9-DeazaguanineN7-(2?-Deoxyribonucleosides). Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200490224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Lonkar PS, Ganesh KN, Kumar VA. Chimeric (aeg-pyrrolidine)PNAs: synthesis and stereo-discriminative duplex binding with DNA/RNA. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:2604-11. [PMID: 15351824 DOI: 10.1039/b407292h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design and facile conversion of naturally occurring 4-hydroxyproline to all four diastereomers of thymine pyrrolidine PNA monomer, (2R,4S)-adenine, -guanine and -cytosine monomers and their incorporation into duplex forming PNA oligomers is reported. The interesting results of the hybridization studies with complementary DNA/RNA sequences in either parallel or antiparallel orientation reveal the stereochemistry-dependent DNA vs. RNA discriminations and parallel/antiparallel orientation selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi S Lonkar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Synthesis, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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17
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Chimeric peptide nucleic acids incorporating (2S,5R)-aminoethyl pipecolyl units: synthesis and DNA binding studies. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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