Intermolecular 2hJNN Coupling in Multiply Hydrogen-Bonded Ureidopyrimidinone Dimers in Solution

Direct Detection of Hydrogen Bonds in Supramolecular Systems Using 1H-15N Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy

Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular systems are usually characterized in solution through analysis of NMR data such as complexation-induced shifts and nuclear Overhauser effects (nOe). Routine direct detection of hydrogen bonding particularly in multicomponent mixtures, even with the aid of 2D NMR experiments for full assignment, is more challenging. We describe an elementary rapid ¹H-¹⁵N HMQC NMR experiment which addresses these challenges without the need for complex pulse sequences. Under readily accessible conditions (243/263 K, 50 mM solutions) and natural ¹⁵N abundance, unambiguous assignment of ¹⁵N resonances facilitates direct detection of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in mechanically interlocked structures and quadruply hydrogen-bonded dimers─of dialkylaminoureidopyrimidinones, ureidopyrimidinones, and diamidonaphthyridines─in single or multicomponent mixtures to establish tautomeric configuration, conformation, and, to resolve self-sorted speciation.

15N-15N spin-spin coupling constants through intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the solid state

A 2hJNN intermolecular spin-spin coupling constant (SSCC) of 10.2±0.4 Hz has been measured for the powdered tetrachlorogallate salt of pyridinium solvated by pyridine (pyridine-H+⋯pyridine cation 3). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level reproduced this value and two others reported in the literature for 2hJ intermolecular SSCCs, which were measured for complexes in solution.

Do corresponding coupling constants in hydrogen-bonded homo- and hetero-chiral dimers differ?

Ab initio equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM–CCSD) calculations have been carried out to evaluate spin–spin coupling constants in six pairs of homo- and hetero-chiral dimers: (HOOH)2, (H2NNH2)2, (FOOH)2, (FHNNH2)2, (HOOOH)2, and (FOOOH)2. Corresponding spin–spin coupling constants in these isomeric pairs of C2 and Ci symmetry may differ, but these differences are small and may not be detectable experimentally. For the complexes with O1–H···O and O1–H···F hydrogen bonds, 1J(O1–H) has a larger absolute value in the C2 isomer. For the same set of complexes, 1J(O1–O2) has a larger absolute value in the Ci isomer. No distinguishable patterns could be discerned in the remaining spin–spin coupling constants in the C2 and Ci isomers of these complexes, nor in complexes with N–H···N hydrogen bonds.

A review with comprehensive data on experimental indirect scalar NMR spin-spin coupling constants across hydrogen bonds

Scalar NMR spin-spin coupling constants across hydrogen bonds are fundamental in structural studies and as test grounds for theoretical calculations. Since they are scattered among many articles of different kinds, it seems useful to collect them in the most comprehensive way.

Spin-spin coupling across intramolecular N-H(+)-N hydrogen bonds in models for proton sponges: an ab initio investigation

Ab initio calculations have been performed to obtain structures and coupling constants (1)J(N-H), (1h)J(H-N), and (2h)J(N-N) for models of proton sponges with symmetric and asymmetric N-H(+)-N intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHBs). For a given model, the asymmetric structure has a lower energy, a longer N-N distance, and a hydrogen bond which has a greater deviation from linearity. The computed values of (2h)J(N-N) for the models are significantly less than predicted values based on the distance dependence of (2h)J(N-N) for complexes with intermolecular N-H(+)-N hydrogen bonds. However, the reduced values of (2h)J(N-N) cannot be attributed solely to the distortion of the hydrogen bond in the models, but also reflect differences in s electron populations at the nitrogens in both the ground state and the excited states which couple to it through the Fermi-contact (FC) operator. Values of (2h)J(N-N) for IMHBs can be related quadratically to the N-N distances in the models, and demonstrate that there is no discrepancy between computed values of (2h)J(N-N) at the short N-N distances found in these systems and experimental data for proton sponges.