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Xu C, Wan Y, Chen D, Gao C, Yin H, Fetherston D, Kupce E, Lopez G, Ameduri B, Twum EB, Wyzgoski FJ, Li X, McCord EF, Rinaldi PL. 19 F DOSY diffusion-NMR spectroscopy of fluoropolymers. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:472-484. [PMID: 27283595 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new pulse sequence for obtaining 19 F detected DOSY (diffusion ordered spectroscopy) spectra of fluorinated molecules is presented and used to study fluoropolymers based on vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene. The performance of 19 F DOSY NMR experiments (and in general any type of NMR experiment) on fluoropolymers creates some unique complications that very often prevent detection of important signals. Factors that create these complications include: (1) the presence of many scalar couplings among 1 H, 19 F and 13 C; (2) the large magnitudes of many 19 F homonuclear couplings (especially 2 JFF ); (3) the large 19 F chemical shift range; and (4) the low solubility of these materials (which requires that experiments be performed at high temperatures). A systematic study of the various methods for collecting DOSY NMR data, and the adaptation of these methods to obtain 19 F detected DOSY data, has been performed using a mixture of low molecular weight, fluorinated model compounds. The best pulse sequences and optimal experimental conditions have been determined for obtaining 19 F DOSY spectra. The optimum pulse sequences for acquiring 19 F DOSY NMR data have been determined for various circumstances taking into account the spectral dispersion, number and magnitude of couplings present, and experimental temperature. Pulse sequences and experimental parameters for optimizing these experiments for the study of fluoropolymers have been studied. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yingbo Wan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dongxue Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Hongnan Yin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Daniel Fetherston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Eriks Kupce
- Agilent, Bruker BioSpin, Coventry, CV4 9GH, UK
| | - Gerald Lopez
- Ingénierie and Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'École Normale, 34296, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Ingénierie and Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'École Normale, 34296, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric B Twum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405-7102, USA
| | - Faith J Wyzgoski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 1760 University Drive, Mansfield, OH, 44906, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Elizabeth F McCord
- E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co, Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE, 19880-0402, USA
| | - Peter L Rinaldi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 East Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
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Unione L, Galante S, Díaz D, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. NMR and molecular recognition. The application of ligand-based NMR methods to monitor molecular interactions. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
NMR allows the monitoring of molecular recognition processes in solution. Nowadays, a plethora of NMR methods are available to deduce the key features of the interaction from both the ligand or the receptor points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Unione
- Chemical and Physical Biology
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
- CSIC
- 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Galante
- Chemical and Physical Biology
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
- CSIC
- 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Díaz
- Chemical and Physical Biology
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
- CSIC
- 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
- CSIC
- 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical and Physical Biology
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
- CSIC
- 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mayer BP, Valdez CA, Hok S, Chinn SC, Hart BR. 31P-edited diffusion-ordered 1H NMR spectroscopy for the spectral isolation and identification of organophosphorus compounds related to chemical weapons agents and their degradation products. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10478-84. [PMID: 23126561 DOI: 10.1021/ac302788x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds represent a large class of molecules that include pesticides, flame-retardants, biologically relevant molecules, and chemical weapons agents (CWAs). The detection and identification of organophosphorus molecules, particularly in the cases of pesticides and CWAs, are paramount to the verification of international treaties by various organizations. To that end, novel analytical methodologies that can provide additional support to traditional analyses are important for unambiguous identification of these compounds. We have developed an NMR method that selectively edits for organophosphorus compounds via (31)P-(1)H heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) and provides an additional chromatographic-like separation based on self-diffusivities of the individual species via (1)H diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY): (1)H-(31)P HSQC-DOSY. The technique is first validated using the CWA VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate) by traditional two-dimensional DOSY spectra. We then extend this technique to a complex mixture of VX degradation products and identify all the main phosphorus-containing byproducts generated after exposure to a zinc-cyclen organometallic homogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Mayer
- Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California 94550, United States.
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Song Z, Zhao H, Olubajo O, Hall LB, Orr CN, Askew CB. Characterizing the binding of nucleotide ATP on serum albumin by 31P NMR diffusion. CAN J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/v2012-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) 31P NMR diffusion spectra were measured under varied sample conditions to characterize the low-affinity binding of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) on human serum albumin (HSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). The NMR diffusion constants of ATP, ATP–HSA, or ATP–BSA were illustrated as function of ATP concentrations. The binding curves of ATP–HSA and ATP–BSA were identical but strikingly different from the ATP curve. Using a “Scatchard plot”, the apparent binding constant (K) and number of ATP binding sites (n) on serum albumin were evaluated as K = 75.25 (mol/L)–1 and n = 10, respectively. At a pH < 5.0 and a pH > 9.0 or a temperature > 45 °C, the diffusion data of ATP–HSA were found to increase remarkably, suggesting that the dissociation of ATP from HSA was largely enhanced, probably because of pH- or heat-induced protein structural change, degradation, or aggregation. In addition, our data indicated that ADP was strongly competitive with ATP for the low-affinity binding to HSA, but heptanone and Cl– were essentially noncompetitive. These results are important for further elucidating the interaction of ATP with serum albumin and its possible effect on related bioprocesses. The method can be well applied to study the binding of other nucleotides/nucleosides on proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Song
- Department of Natural Sciences, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Natural Sciences, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Olarongbe Olubajo
- Department of Natural Sciences, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Lewis B. Hall
- Department of Natural Sciences, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Chauncey N. Orr
- Department of Natural Sciences, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Courtney B. Askew
- Department of Natural Sciences, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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Wilson AN, Salas R, Guiseppi-Elie A. Bioactive hydrogels demonstrate mediated release of a chromophore by chymotrypsin. J Control Release 2012; 160:41-7. [PMID: 22410116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A model system, α-chymotrypsin (Cht) (a protease) and a cleavable peptide-chromogen (pro-drug) covalently incorporated into a hydrogel, was investigated to understand the mechanisms of covalent loading and release by enzymatic cleavage in bio-responsive delivery systems. Using EDC and Sulfo-NHS, terminal carboxyl groups of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide, a cleavable chromogen, were conjugated to primary amines of a hydrated poly(HEMA)-based hydrogel. Hydrogel disks were incubated in buffered Cht causing enzyme-mediated cleavage of the peptide and concomitant release of the chromophore for monitoring. To investigate substrate loading and the effects of hydrogel morphology on the system, the concentration of the amino groups (5, 10, 20, and 30 mol%) and the cross-linked density (1, 5, 7, 9 and 12 mol%) were independently varied. Loading-Release Efficiency of the chromogen was shown to exhibit a positive relation to increasing amino groups (AEMA). The release rates demonstrated a negative relation to increasing cross-linked density attributed to decreasing void fractions and increasing tortuosities. The diffusion coefficient of Cht, D(0,Cht), was determined to be 6.9±0.5×10(-7)cm(2)s(-1), and the range of D(eff) of Cht for 1 to 12 mol% TEGDA was determined to be 6.9×10(-8) to 0.1×10(-8)cm(2)s(-1). We show how these parameters may be optimized and used to achieve programmed release rates in engineered bio-responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nolan Wilson
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Clemson University Advanced Materials Center, 100 Technology Drive, Anderson, SC 29625, USA
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Najafi NM, Alizadeh R, Talebpour Z, Ghassempour AR. 31P NMR and computer simulations of the structure of trichlorfon and its derivatives. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661104010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Szłyk E, Hrynczyszyn P. Phosphate additives determination in meat products by 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance using new internal reference standard: hexamethylphosphoroamide. Talanta 2011; 84:199-203. [PMID: 21315920 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New (31)P NMR internal reference standard - hexamethylphosphoroamide (HMPA) was applied for determination of added polyphosphates and their ionic forms in raw pork meat and meat products. Phosphate species were determined after extraction with a boric acid buffer (pH=9) and EDTA solution, using internal standard (HMPA) procedure. Hexamethylphosophoroamide was also used as the NMR reference standard. Linear correlations between phosphates and polyphosphate concentrations and (31)P NMR signal areas were found in the range 81-5236 mg P/dm(3), presenting 95-99% recovery and variation coefficient (CV) ≤ 5%. Studied HMPA procedure revealed shorter analysis time and the same recovery (>95%) and precision (CV=1.3-2.7%) in comparison to MDPA method. Results of phosphate determination by both (31)P NMR methods were tested against the molybdenumvanadate yellow spectrophotometric method (standard PN-ISO 13730, 1999) using standard reference material (certified phosphate solution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Szłyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Koskela H. Use of NMR techniques for toxic organophosphorus compound profiling. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1365-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li W, Kagan G, Yang H, Cai C, Hopson R, Dai W, Sweigart DA, Williard PG. Accurate Formula Weight Determination in Physically Separated Systems by Diffusion Coefficient−Formula Weight Correlation. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om901102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Gerald Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Chen Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Dwight A. Sweigart
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Kagan G, Li W, Hopson R, Williard PG. Internally Referenced Diffusion Coefficient−Formula Weight (D-FW) Analysis of 31P Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY). Org Lett 2009; 11:4818-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9019106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Weibin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Vermillion K, Price NPJ. Stable isotope-enhanced two- and three-dimensional diffusion ordered 13C NMR spectroscopy (SIE-DOSY 13C NMR). JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 198:209-214. [PMID: 19303336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of obtaining high quality homonuclear or heteronuclear diffusion-ordered (13)C NMR data is shown to be greatly improved by using (13)C isotopically-enriched samples. Stable isotope-enhanced diffusion ordered (SIE-DOSY) (13)C NMR has been applied to (13)C-enriched carbohydrates, and has been used to determine diffusion coefficients for pentose and hexose monosaccharides, and a disaccharide and trisaccharide. These 2D spectra were obtained with as little as 8 min of acquisition time. Fully resolved 3D DOSY-HMQC NMR spectra of [U-(13)C]xylose, [U-(13)C]glucose, and [1-(13)C(gal)]lactose were obtained in 5h. Sample derivatization with [carbonyl-(13)C]acetate (peracetylation) extends the usefulness of the technique to included non-labeled sugars; the (13)C-carbonyl - carbohydrate ring proton (1)H-(13)C correlations also provide additional structural information, as shown for the 3-D DOSY-HMQC analysis of a mixture of maltotriose and lactose per-[carbonyl-(13)C]acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Vermillion
- New Crops and Processing Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Murai T, Inaji S, Takenaka T. Syntheses and fluoride-ion-mediated hydrolysis of phosphoroselenoic acid ester and amides. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang X, Li Y, Liao W, Gu J, Li D. A new intumescent flame-retardant: preparation, surface modification, and its application in polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Talebpour Z, Ghassempour A, Zendehzaban M, Bijanzadeh HR, Mirjalili MH. Monitoring of the insecticide trichlorfon by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 576:290-6. [PMID: 17723645 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2006] [Revised: 06/04/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is an organophosphorus insecticide, which is extensively being used for protection of fruit crops. Trichlorfon is a thermal labile compound, which cannot be easily determined by gas chromatography (GC) and has no suitable group for sensitive detection by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) has been described for monitoring of trichlorfon without any separation step. The quantitative works of 31P NMR spectroscopy has been performed in the presence of an internal standard (hexamethylphosphoramide). Limit of detection (LOD) for this method has been found to be 55 mg L(-1), without any sample preparation, and the linear working range was 150-5500 mg L(-1). Relative standard deviation (R.S.D.%) of the method for three replicates within and between days was obtained < or =9%. The average recovery efficiency was approximately 99-112%. This method was applied for monitoring trichlorfon in a commercial insecticide sample and tomato sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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