1
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Mondal S, Koay WL, Daga I, Paul S, Truong VX, Singh NDP. Wavelength-Selective Xanthene-Based Monochromophoric Photoremovable Protecting Groups for Tuning Soft Matter Material Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23376-23386. [PMID: 39115375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Photocontrolled deprotection of specific functional groups has garnered significant interest over the past two decades. Notably, the selective deprotection of distinct groups based on wavelength has emerged as a prominent focus in recent research. The achievement of this objective has primarily involved the utilization of linker-based bichromophoric systems and diverse cocktail mixtures of photoresponsive protecting groups (PRPGs), each responsive to varying wavelengths of light. Herein, we present the first wavelength-selective monochromophoric system based on a hydroxanthene moiety, enabling the wavelength-selective release of two distinct functionalities under 450 and 600 nm light, respectively. The mechanism of the wavelength-selective photodegradation was thoroughly investigated by 1H NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, suggesting a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism in the first photorelease step and electron transfer based arylmethyl type of photorelease in the second step. The utility of the xanthene-based wavelength-selective PRPGs was demonstrated in the multistep degradation of microparticles and dual-color tuning of polymer chain architecture, thus opening an avenue to design advanced photoreactive wavelength-controlled systems for applications in soft matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Wai Lean Koay
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ishan Daga
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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2
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Fu Q, Gu Z, Shen S, Bai Y, Wang X, Xu M, Sun P, Chen J, Li D, Liu Z. Radiotherapy activates picolinium prodrugs in tumours. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1348-1356. [PMID: 38561425 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy-induced prodrug activation provides an ideal solution to reduce the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy in cancer therapy, but the scope of the radiation-activated protecting groups is limited. Here we present that the well-established photoinduced electron transfer chemistry may pave the way for developing versatile radiation-removable protecting groups. Using a functional reporter assay, N-alkyl-4-picolinium (NAP) was identified as a caging group that efficiently responds to radiation by releasing a client molecule. When evaluated in a competition experiment, the NAP moiety is more efficient than other radiation-removable protecting groups discovered so far. Leveraging this property, we developed a NAP-derived carbamate linker that releases fluorophores and toxins on radiation, which we incorporated into antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). These designed ADCs were active in living cells and tumour-bearing mice, highlighting the potential to use such a radiation-removable protecting group for the development of next-generation ADCs with improved stability and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Fu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Gu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyong Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengwei Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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3
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Lovrinčević V, Guo Y, Vuk D, Škorić I, Ma J, Basarić N. 3-Substituted 2-Aminonaphthalene Photocages for Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols; Decaging Mechanism and Potential Applications in Synthesis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15176-15188. [PMID: 37831436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxymethyl-2-aminonaphthalene photocage (photoremovable protecting group) 2 was synthesized and transformed to different ethers and esters to investigate the applicability to decage alcohols and carboxylic acids, respectively. The photoelimination of carboxylic acids takes place relatively efficiently (ΦR = 0.11) upon excitation with near-visible light, contrary to the elimination of alcohols. The scope of the decaging of both alcohols and esters was demonstrated on several examples, including aliphatic and aromatic substrates, carbohydrates, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The photophysical properties of the photocage and its models, methyl ether 4a and acetyl ester 5a, were investigated. The fluorescence quantum yields (Φf = 0.40-0.002) were found to be reversely proportional to the efficiency of elimination of OH, alcohols, or carboxylic acids. The decaging photochemical reaction mechanism was investigated experimentally by transient absorption techniques with time scales from femtoseconds to seconds and computationally on the TD-DFT level of theory. The photoelimination of carboxylates takes place directly in the singlet excited state by a homolytic cleavage producing a radical pair within 1 ns. The subsequent electron transfer gives rise to aminonaphthalene carbocation and the carboxylate. A wide scope of substrates that can be decaged relatively efficiently with near-visible light and the chromo-orthogonal compatibility of aminonaphthalene and aniline derivatives render these photocages potentially applicable in organic synthesis or biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Lovrinčević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Dragana Vuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Ieda N, Nakamura A, Tomita N, Ohkubo K, Izumi R, Hotta Y, Kawaguchi M, Kimura K, Nakagawa H. A BODIPY-picolinium-cation conjugate as a blue-light-responsive caged group. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26375-26379. [PMID: 37671339 PMCID: PMC10476028 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03826b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caged compounds protected with photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) are useful for controlling various biological events with high spatiotemporal resolution. Most of the commonly used PPGs are controlled by ultraviolet light irradiation, but it is desirable to have PPGs controlled by visible light irradiation in order to minimize tissue damage. Here, we describe a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-picolinium conjugate (BPc group) that functions as a blue-light-controllable PPG. ESR experiments indicate that the photolysis mechanism is based on intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. We illustrate the applicability of the BPc group to biologically active compounds by employing it firstly to photocontrol release of histamine, and secondly to photocontrol release of a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator, GSK2181236A, which induces photovasodilation. The BPc group is expected to be a useful PPG for controlling various biological events with blue light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Natsumi Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives & Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryo Izumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8601 Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
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5
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Simple Strategies to Modulate the pH-Responsiveness of Lignosulfonate-Based Delivery Systems. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051857. [PMID: 35269088 PMCID: PMC8911673 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of non-degradable microplastics in a wide plethora of daily life products is causing serious pollution problems. More ecofriendly solutions are therefore urgently needed. In this context, the use of lignin, a largely available aromatic polymer, may represent a viable option. Due to the self-assembly ability of its molecules, lignin is in fact an ideal matrix for the fabrication of nanostructures. In this study, lignosulfonate microcapsules containing a limonene core were prepared and characterized in terms of their dimensions and of the physicochemical characteristics of the capsule-forming lignosulfonate molecules. The main purpose is to elucidate the key properties governing the pH-responsive behavior of the capsules to be able to achieve better control over the release kinetics of the entrapped compound(s). The results demonstrate that both the molecular weight and the concentration of sulfonate groups are the most important factors in this respect. Based on these findings, two strategies were followed to further tailor the capsules' behavior: (i) fractionation of the starting lignosulfonate by solvent extraction and (ii) introduction of a specific additive in the formulation. The first approach permitted to fabricate highly resistant capsules both in acidic, as well as in alkaline conditions, while in the second case the chemical structure of the additive, the diester diveratryl sebacate, allowed for fast kinetics of release, as values above 70% were reached after 24 h of incubation at pH 4 and pH 12.
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6
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Roth M, Seitz O. A Self-immolative Molecular Beacon for Amplified Nucleic Acid Detection*. Chemistry 2021; 27:14189-14194. [PMID: 34516006 PMCID: PMC8597011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic hybridization probes allow the detection of RNA and DNA sequences in homogeneous solution. Typically, one target molecule activates the fluorescence of a single probe molecule. This limits the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection. Herein, we report a self‐immolative molecular beacon (iMB) that escapes the one‐target/one‐probe paradigm. The iMB probe includes a photoreductively cleavable N‐alkyl‐picolinium (NAP) linkage within the loop region. A fluorophore at the 5’‐end serves, on the one hand, as a reporter group and, on the other hand, as a photosensitizer of a NAP‐linker cleavage reaction. In the absence of target, the iMB adopts a hairpin shape. Quencher groups prevent photo‐induced cleavage. The iMB opens upon hybridization with a target, and both fluorescent emission as well as photo‐reductive cleavage of the NAP linker can occur. In contrast to previous chemical amplification reactions, iMBs are unimolecular probes that undergo cleavage leading to products that have lower target affinity than the probes before reaction. Aided by catalysis, the method allowed the detection of 5 pm RNA target within 100 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Roth
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Caldwell ST, O'Byrne SN, Wilson C, Cvetko F, Murphy MP, McCarron JG, Hartley RC. Photoactivated release of membrane impermeant sulfonates inside cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3917-3920. [PMID: 33871501 PMCID: PMC7611313 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07713e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photouncaging delivers compounds with high spatial and temporal control to induce or inhibit biological processes but the released compounds may diffuse out. We here demonstrate that sulfonate anions can be photocaged so that a membrane impermeable compound can enter cells, be uncaged by photoirradiation and trapped within the cell. Photocaged sulfonate delivers membrane impermeant compounds to cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean N O'Byrne
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Filip Cvetko
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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8
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Liu J, Luo Z, Yu L, Zhang P, Wei H, Yu Y. A new soft-matter material with old chemistry: Passerini multicomponent polymerization-induced assembly of AIE-active double-helical polymers with rapid visible-light degradability. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8224-8230. [PMID: 34123092 PMCID: PMC8163360 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02729d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicking the superstructures and functions of natural chiral materials is beneficial to understand specific biological activities in living organisms and broaden applications in the fields of chemistry and materials sciences. However, it is still a great challenge to construct water-soluble, double-helical polymers with multiple responsiveness. Herein, we report for the first time a straightforward, general strategy to address this issue by taking advantage of Passerini multicomponent polymerization-induced assembly (PMPIA). The polymerization-induced generation of supramolecular interactions in chiral α-acyloxy amides drives the assembly of polymers and improves their stability in various solvents. This double-helical polymer is sensitive to metal ions, temperature, pH, and solvents, making both the superstructure and the AIE effect reversibly adjustable. Meanwhile, the hydrogen-bonding-assisted cyclization of photolabile α-acyloxy amides accelerates the degradation of helical polymers under visible-light irradiation. It is anticipated that this novel PMPIA strategy opens new horizons to inspire the design of advanced chiral/helical polymers with multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Zhonglong Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Hongqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an China
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9
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Angerani S, Winssinger N. Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis Using Ruthenium Complexes in Chemical Biology. Chemistry 2019; 25:6661-6672. [PMID: 30689234 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of bioorthogonal reactions have had a transformative impact in chemical biology and the quest to expand this toolbox continues. Herein we review recent applications of ruthenium-catalyzed photoredox reactions used in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Angerani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Dunkel P, Barosi A, Dhimane H, Maurel F, Dalko PI. Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET)-Mediated Fragmentation of Picolinium-Derived Redox Probes. Chemistry 2018; 24:12920-12931. [PMID: 29873846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis of covalently linked N-alkyl picolinium phenylacetate-carbazole dyads was analyzed experimentally and by using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. In contrast to earlier observations efficient one and two-photon fragmentations conditions were found for 15 c (δu =0.16 GM at 730 nm) opening the way for the design of a novel class of "caged" compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dunkel
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Anna Barosi
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Hamid Dhimane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - François Maurel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Peter I Dalko
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
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11
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Hasegawa E, Izumiya N, Miura T, Ikoma T, Iwamoto H, Takizawa SY, Murata S. Benzimidazolium Naphthoxide Betaine Is a Visible Light Promoted Organic Photoredox Catalyst. J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29537851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazolium naphthoxide (-ONap-BI+) was first synthesized and utilized as an unprecedented betaine photoredox catalyst. Photoexcited state of -ONap-BI+ generated by visible light irradiation catalyzes the reductive deiodination as well as desulfonylation reactions in which 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylbenzimidazoline (Ph-BIH) cooperates with as an electron and hydrogen atom donor. Significant solvent effects on the reaction progress were discovered, and specific solvation toward imidazolium and naphthoxide moieties of -ONap-BI+ was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Norihiro Izumiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan.,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Shigeru Murata
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
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12
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Thum MD, Falvey DE. Photoreleasable Protecting Groups Triggered by Sequential Two-Photon Absorption of Visible Light: Release of Carboxylic Acids from a Linked Anthraquinone-N-Alkylpicolinium Ester Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Thum
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel E. Falvey
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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13
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Zhou T, Liu T, Bao Y, Zhang P, Yan C, Yao F, Cui S, Chen Y, Chen X, Yu Y. Designing a main-chain visible-light-labile picolinium-caged polymer and its biological applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A picolinium-caged main-chain photolabile polymer (MCPP) is reported with a high degradation efficiency (∼95%) upon visible light irradiation (452 nm).
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14
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Todorov AR, Wirtanen T, Helaja J. Photoreductive Removal of O-Benzyl Groups from Oxyarene N-Heterocycles Assisted by O-Pyridine-pyridone Tautomerism. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13756-13767. [PMID: 29135249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Facile photoreductive protocols have been developed to remove benzyl O-protective groups from oxyarene N-heterocycles at positions capable for 2-/4-O-pyridine-2-/4-pyridone tautomerism. Blue light irradiation, a [Ru] or [Ir] photocatalyst, and ascorbic acid in a water-acetonitrile solution debenzylates a variety of aryl N-heterocycles cleanly and selectively. Ascorbic acid has two functions in the reaction. On the one hand, it protonates the N-heterocycles that reduces their reduction potentials notably and on the other hand it acts as a sacrificial reductant. Reduction potentials and free energy barriers calculated at the CPCM-B3LYP/6-31+G** level can predict the reactivities of the studied substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar R Todorov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Wirtanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Helaja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Speckmeier E, Zeitler K. Desyl and Phenacyl as Versatile, Photocatalytically Cleavable Protecting Groups: A Classic Approach in a Different (Visible) Light. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Zeitler
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Blažek Bregović V, Basarić N. Competing processes in the photochemistry of picolines and their N-methyl salts: photoinduced charge transfer, phototransposition and photohydration. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Ciuciu AI, Korzycka KA, Lewis WJM, Bennett PM, Anderson HL, Flamigni L. Model dyads for 2PA uncaging of a protecting group via photoinduced electron transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:6554-64. [PMID: 25660491 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05812g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three dyads with a fluorene derivative as an electron-donor and with electron-acceptors of variable redox potentials were synthesized as models for two-photon activated uncaging via electron transfer. A spectroscopic and photophysical study of the component units and the dyads in solvents of different polarities demonstrated an efficient electron transfer (efficiencies > 80%) followed by charge recombination in the arrays (30 ps < τ < 1.6 ns). Recombination takes place to the ground state in all cases except for the dyad displaying the highest driving force for charge recombination in the apolar solvent. The effects of changing the solvent polarity, as well as the driving force, for electron-transfer are discussed in the frame of the current theories of electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina I Ciuciu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattivita' (ISOF), CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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18
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Kunsberg DJ, Kipping AH, Falvey DE. Visible Light Photorelease of Carboxylic Acids via Charge-Transfer Excitation of N-Methylpyridinium Iodide Esters. Org Lett 2015; 17:3454-7. [PMID: 26120927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iodide contrast sensitization to direct irradiation of charge transfer salts incurs carboxylic acid release via visible light absorption. The photochemical reduction of N-methyl-4-pyridinium iodide esters to release carboxylic acids is examined using (1)H NMR analysis. Photolysis reactions are carried out under mild, biphasic solvent conditions using a household LED lamp. Carboxylic acid release is reported in high yields, and the viability of this method for synthetic chemistry is demonstrated through a macroscale reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kunsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Allison H Kipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel E Falvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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19
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Korzycka KA, Bennett PM, Cueto-Diaz EJ, Wicks G, Drobizhev M, Blanchard-Desce M, Rebane A, Anderson HL. Two-photon sensitive protecting groups operating via intramolecular electron transfer: uncaging of GABA and tryptophan. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2419-2426. [PMID: 28706657 PMCID: PMC5488212 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved photo-labile protecting groups, with high sensitivity to two-photon excitation, are needed for the controlled release of drugs, as tools in neuroscience and physiology. Here we present a new modular approach to the design of caging groups based on photoinduced electron transfer from an electron-rich two-photon dye to an electron acceptor, followed by scission of an ester to release a carboxylic acid. Three different electron acceptors were tested: nitrobenzyl, phenacyl and pyridinium. The nitrobenzyl system was ineffective, giving only photochemical decomposition and no release of the carboxylic acid. The phenacyl system also performed poorly, liberating the carboxylic acid in 20% chemical yield and 0.2% photochemical yield. The pyridinium system was most successful, and was tested for the release of two carboxylic acids: γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and tryptophan. The caged GABA undergoes photochemical cleavage with a chemical yield of >95% and a photochemical yield of 1%; it exhibits a two-photon absorption cross section of 1100 GM at 700 nm, corresponding to a two-photon uncaging cross section of 10 ± 3 GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Korzycka
- Oxford University , Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 275704
| | - Philip M Bennett
- Oxford University , Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 275704
| | - Eduardo Jose Cueto-Diaz
- Université de Bordeaux , Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , CNRS UMR 5255 , 33400 Bordeaux , France
| | - Geoffrey Wicks
- Department of Physics , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT 59717 , USA
| | - Mikhail Drobizhev
- Department of Physics , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT 59717 , USA
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Université de Bordeaux , Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , CNRS UMR 5255 , 33400 Bordeaux , France
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Department of Physics , Montana State University , Bozeman , MT 59717 , USA
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn 12618 , Estonia
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Oxford University , Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 275704
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20
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Yu Y, Kang X, Yang X, Yuan L, Feng W, Cui S. Surface charge inversion of self-assembled monolayers by visible light irradiation: cargo loading and release by photoreactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3431-3. [PMID: 23505630 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we find that visible light can trigger both the loading and the release of N-alkyl substituted 4-picolinium on self-assembled monolayers (SAM). The latter process will result in surface-charge inversion of the SAM, which can be used for controlled release of molecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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21
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Klán P, Šolomek T, Bochet CG, Blanc A, Givens R, Rubina M, Popik V, Kostikov A, Wirz J. Photoremovable protecting groups in chemistry and biology: reaction mechanisms and efficacy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:119-91. [PMID: 23256727 PMCID: PMC3557858 DOI: 10.1021/cr300177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1238] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Cape JL, Edson JB, Spencer LP, DeClue MS, Ziock HJ, Maurer S, Rasmussen S, Monnard PA, Boncella JM. Phototriggered DNA phosphoramidate ligation in a tandem 5'-amine deprotection/3'-imidazole activated phosphate coupling reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2014-9. [PMID: 22985338 DOI: 10.1021/bc300093y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and use of an N-methyl picolinium carbamate protecting group for applications in a phototriggered nonenzymatic DNA phosphoramidate ligation reaction. Selective 5'-amino protection of a modified 13-mer oligonucleotide is achieved in aqueous solution by reaction with an N-methyl-4-picolinium carbonyl imidazole triflate protecting group precursor. Deprotection is carried out by photoinduced electron transfer from Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) using visible light photolysis and ascorbic acid as a sacrificial electron donor. Phototriggered 5'- amino oligonucleotide deprotection is used to initiate a nonenzymatic ligation of the 13-mer to an imidazole activated 3'-phospho-hairpin template to generate a ligated product with a phosphoramidate linkage. We demonstrate that this methodology offers a simple way to exert control over reaction initiation and rates in nonenzymatic DNA ligation for potential applications in the study of model protocellular systems and prebiotic nucleic acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Cape
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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23
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Shchepina NE, Avrorin VV, Badun GA, Bumagin NA, Lewis SB, Shurov SN. Pathways of ion-molecular interactions of nucleogenic phenyl cations with the nucleophilic centers of picolines. Org Med Chem Lett 2012; 2:14. [PMID: 22500561 PMCID: PMC3527167 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nuclear-chemical method brought unique opportunity for synthesis of unknown and hardly available organic compounds. Presence of tritium labeling allows one-step preparation of radioactive markers for the investigation of chemical and biological processes. Methods The ion–molecular reactions of nucleogenic phenyl cations with 4-picoline have been carried out. The phenyl cations were generated by spontaneous tritium β-decay within the tritium-labeled benzene. Both additions to the nitrogen and substitutions about the aromatic ring were able to be studied simultaneously. Results Unusual substitutions on both the α- and β-positions of the ring system have been revealed. Conclusion By unknown direct phenylation of nitrogen atom tritium-labeled N-phenylpicolinium derivatives, perspective biological markers have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E Shchepina
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Natural Sciences Institute of Perm State University, 4 Genkel St, Perm 614990, Russia.
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24
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25
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Collado D, Perez-Inestrosa E. Regioselective Photochemical C-OMe Bond Formation Initiated by One-Electron Transfer and N-OMe Bond Fragmentation in Electron Donor-Acceptor Systems. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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27
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Edson JB, Spencer LP, Boncella JM. Photorelease of Primary Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines by Visible-Light-Induced Electron Transfer. Org Lett 2011; 13:6156-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Edson
- Materials, Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Liam P. Spencer
- Materials, Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - James M. Boncella
- Materials, Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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28
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Liu Z, Lin Q, Huang Q, Liu H, Bao C, Zhang W, Zhong X, Zhu L. Semiconductor quantum dots photosensitizing release of anticancer drug. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1482-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04676k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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29
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Borak JB, Falvey DE. Ketocoumarin dyes as electron mediators for visible light induced carboxylate photorelease. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:854-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Borak JB, Lee HY, Raghavan SR, Falvey DE. Application of PET deprotection for orthogonal photocontrol of aqueous solution viscosity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8983-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Borak JB, Falvey DE. A new photolabile protecting group for release of carboxylic acids by visible-light-induced direct and mediated electron transfer. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3894-9. [PMID: 19361187 DOI: 10.1021/jo900182x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new aqueous-compatible photoinduced electron transfer based photolabile protecting group has been developed for the release of carboxylic acids. The reduction potential of this group is more positive than previous systems, thereby allowing the use of sensitizers with modest oxidation potentials. Release of several carboxylic acids has been demonstrated using tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) as both a direct sensitizer and a mediator for electron transfer between a good donor and the protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brian Borak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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32
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Kabatc J, Pączkowski J. N-methylpicolinium derivatives as the coinitiators in photoinitiating systems for vinyl monomers polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Hasegawa E, Hirose H, Sasaki K, Takizawa S, Seida T, Chiba N. Benzimidazoline-Dimethoxypyrene. An Effective Promoter System for Photoinduced Electron Transfer Promoted Reductive Transformations of Organic Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Cao XY, Yao YG, Qin YY, Lin QP, Li ZJ, Cheng JK, Zhang RB. Trapping in situ scission products of C–O ester bonds by unique coordination supramolecular architectures. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b904387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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DeClue MS, Monnard PA, Bailey JA, Maurer SE, Collis GE, Ziock HJ, Rasmussen S, Boncella JM. Nucleobase Mediated, Photocatalytic Vesicle Formation from an Ester Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 131:931-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808200n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. DeClue
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Pierre-Alain Monnard
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - James A. Bailey
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Sarah E. Maurer
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Gavin E. Collis
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Hans-Joachim Ziock
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Steen Rasmussen
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - James M. Boncella
- Material, Physics and Applications Division, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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36
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Glaser R, Sui Y, Sarkar U, Gates KS. Electronic structures and spin topologies of gamma-picoliniumyl radicals. A study of the homolysis of N-methyl-gamma-picolinium and of benzo-, dibenzo-, and naphthoannulated analogs. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4800-14. [PMID: 18494451 PMCID: PMC3311918 DOI: 10.1021/jp8011987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radicals resulting from one-electron reduction of (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) methyl esters have been reported to yield (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) methyl radical, or N-methyl-gamma-picoliniumyl for short, by heterolytic cleavage of carboxylate. This new reaction could provide the foundation for a new structural class of bioreductively activated, hypoxia-selective antitumor agents. N-methyl-gamma-picoliniumyl radicals are likely to damage DNA by way of H-abstraction and it is of paramount significance to assess their H-abstraction capabilities. In this context, the benzylic C-H homolyses were studied of toluene (T), gamma-picoline (P, 4-methylpyridine), and N-methyl-gamma-picolinium (1c, 1,4-dimethylpyridinium). With a view to providing capacity for DNA intercalation the properties also were examined of the annulated derivatives 2c (1,4-dimethylquinolinium), 3c (9,10-dimethylacridinium), and 4c (1,4-dimethylbenzo[g]quinolinium). The benzylic C-H homolyses were studied with density functional theory (DFT), perturbation theory (up to MP4SDTQ), and configuration interaction methods (QCISD(T), CCSD(T)). Although there are many similarities between the results obtained here with DFT and CI theory, a number of significant differences occur and these are shown to be caused by methodological differences in the spin density distributions of the radicals. The quality of the wave functions is established by demonstration of internal consistencies and with reference to a number of observable quantities. The analysis of spin polarization emphasizes the need for a clear distinction between "electron delocalization" and "spin delocalization" in annulated radicals. Aside from their relevance for the rational design of new antitumor drugs, the conceptional insights presented here also will inform the understanding of ferromagnetic materials, of spin-based signaling processes, and of spin topologies in metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Yongqiang Sui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Ujjal Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Kent S. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR 6519 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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38
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Borak JB, López-Sola S, Falvey DE. Photorelease of Carboxylic Acids Mediated by Visible-Light-Absorbing Gold-Nanoparticles. Org Lett 2007; 10:457-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702813w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Brian Borak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Susana López-Sola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Daniel E. Falvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
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39
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Ikeshita KI, Kihara N, Sonoda M, Ogawa A. Lewis acid-catalyzed reduction of dithioacetals by 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Ito Y. Catalytic photocarboxylation of 1,1-diphenylethylene with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylbenzidine and carbon dioxide. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Sundararajan C, Falvey DE. Photorelease of carboxylic and amino acids from N-methyl-4-picolinium esters by mediated electron transfer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2006; 5:116-21. [PMID: 16395436 DOI: 10.1039/b511269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One electron reduction of N-alkyl-4-picolinium (NAP) esters initiates C-O bond scission releasing a carboxylate anion. Previous experiments have demonstrated that this process can be initiated by photoinduced electron transfer from an electron-donating sensitizer. In the present study it is demonstrated that a comparable photorelease process can be initiated by photolysis of an electron acceptor (mediator), which in turn abstracts an electron from a ground state electron donor. The resulting mediator anion radicals donate an electron to the NAP ester, triggering release of the carboxylate anion. It is demonstrated that when benzophenone is used as a mediator, higher quantum yields for ester decomposition can be achieved compared with sensitizers that do direct photoinduced electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2021, USA.
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42
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Sundararajan C, Falvey DE. Photolytic Release of Carboxylic Acids Using Linked Donor−Acceptor Molecules: Direct versus Mediated Photoinduced Electron Transfer to N-Alkyl-4-picolinium Esters. Org Lett 2005; 7:2631-4. [PMID: 15957908 DOI: 10.1021/ol050744n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Efficient photorelease (Phi = 0.7) of carboxylic acids is achieved with a covalently linked mediator (benzophenone) protecting group (N-alkyl-4-picolinium ester) molecule. The mechanism involves initial photoreduction of the mediator, followed by rapid electron transfer to the protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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43
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Sundararajan C, Falvey DE. Photorelease of Carboxylic Acids, Amino Acids, and Phosphates from N-Alkylpicolinium Esters Using Photosensitization by High Wavelength Laser Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8000-1. [PMID: 15926809 DOI: 10.1021/ja050760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible light (>450 nm) is used to efficiently cleave carboxylic acids, amino acids, and phosphates from their N-methyl picolinium esters. Photolysis using pyrromethene dyes PM 546 and PM 597 and also coumarin 6 as photosensitizers effects release of carboxylic acids, N-protected amino acids, and phosphates in quantitative yields. The effective rate of photorelease by the dyes, Phiepsilon, was found to be as high as 4500 M-1 cm-1. The photorelease proceeds through photoinduced electron transfer from the dye sensitizers to the N-methyl picolinium group. Fluorescence quenching and laser flash photolysis experiments support the photoinduced electron-transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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