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Lauzon S, Ollevier T. Fluorine in metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations: the lightest halogen causing a massive effect. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10985-11008. [PMID: 36320478 PMCID: PMC9516955 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims at providing an overview of the most significant applications of fluorine-containing ligands reported in the literature starting from 2001 until mid-2021. The ligands are classified according to the nature of the donor atoms involved. This review highlights both metal-ligand interactions and the structure-reactivity relationships resulting from the presence of the fluorine atom or fluorine-containing substituents on chiral catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lauzon
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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2
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Mondal R, Agbaria M, Nairoukh Z. Fluorinated Rings: Conformation and Application. Chemistry 2021; 27:7193-7213. [PMID: 33512034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine atoms into molecules and materials across many fields of academic and industrial research is now commonplace, owing to their unique properties. A particularly interesting feature is the impact of fluorine substitution on the relative orientation of a C-F bond when incorporated into organic molecules. In this Review, we will be discussing the conformational behavior of fluorinated aliphatic carbo- and heterocyclic systems. The conformational preference of each system is associated with various interactions introduced by fluorine substitution such as charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, and hyperconjugative interactions. The contribution of each interaction on the stabilization of the fluorinated alicyclic system, which manifests itself in low conformations, will be discussed in detail. The novelty of this feature will be demonstrated by presenting the most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Mohamed Agbaria
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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3
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Hofman GJ, Ottoy E, Light ME, Kieffer B, Martins JC, Kuprov I, Sinnaeve D, Linclau B. Synthesis and Conformational Properties of 3,4-Difluoro-l-prolines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3100-3120. [PMID: 30777755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated proline derivatives have found diverse applications in areas ranging from medicinal chemistry over structural biochemistry to organocatalysis. Depending on the stereochemistry of monofluorination at the proline 3- or 4-position, different effects on the conformational properties of proline (ring pucker, cis/ trans isomerization) are introduced. With fluorination at both 3- and 4-positions, matching or mismatching effects can occur depending on the relative stereochemistry. Here we report, in full, the syntheses and conformational properties of three out of the four possible 3,4-difluoro-l-proline diastereoisomers. The yet unreported conformational properties are described for (3 S,4 S)- and (3 R,4 R)-difluoro-l-proline, which are shown to bias ring pucker and cis/ trans ratios on the same order of magnitude as their respective monofluorinated progenitors, although with significantly faster amide cis/ trans isomerization rates. The reported analogues thus expand the scope of available fluorinated proline analogues as tools to tailor proline's distinct conformational and dynamical properties, allowing for the interrogation of its role in, for instance, protein stability or folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Hofman
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Emile Ottoy
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Mark E Light
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Kieffer
- Biomolecular NMR , University of Strasbourg , IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries/BP 10142 , Illkirch Cedex 67404 , France
| | - Jose C Martins
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Ilya Kuprov
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
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4
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Patrick DA, Gillespie JR, McQueen J, Hulverson MA, Ranade RM, Creason SA, Herbst ZM, Gelb MH, Buckner FS, Tidwell RR. Urea Derivatives of 2-Aryl-benzothiazol-5-amines: A New Class of Potential Drugs for Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Med Chem 2016; 60:957-971. [PMID: 27992217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A previous publication from this lab (Patrick, et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2016, 24 , 2451 - 2465 ) explored the antitrypanosomal activities of novel derivatives of 2-(2-benzamido)ethyl-4-phenylthiazole (1), which had been identified as a hit against Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis. While a number of these compounds, particularly the urea analogues, were quite potent, these molecules as a whole exhibited poor metabolic stability. The present work describes the synthesis of 65 new analogues arising from medicinal chemistry optimization at different sites on the molecule. The most promising compounds were the urea derivatives of 2-aryl-benzothiazol-5-amines. One such analogue, (S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(3-fluoro-N-pyrrolidylamido)benzothiazole (57) was chosen for in vivo efficacy studies based upon in vitro activity, metabolic stability, and brain penetration. This compound attained 5/5 cures in murine models of both early and late stage human African trypanosomiasis, representing a new lead for the development of drugs to combat this neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Patrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard R Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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Sugiishi T, Matsugi M, Hamamoto H, Amii H. Enhancement of stereoselectivities in asymmetric synthesis using fluorinated solvents, auxiliaries, and catalysts. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the drastic changes using fluorinated solvents, additives, auxiliaries, and catalysts in catalytic asymmetric transformations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyuka Sugiishi
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
| | | | | | - Hideki Amii
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
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Wu X, Zhang FY, Zhu J, Song C, Xiong DC, Zhou Y, Cui Y, Ye XS. N-Arylated-Lactam-Type Iminosugars as New Immunosuppressive Agents: Discovery, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2260-71. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Synthesis, biological activity and structure–activity relationship of 4,5-dimethoxybenzene derivatives inhibitor of rhinovirus 14 infection. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:445-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Li SH, et al.. Crystal structure of 3,4-bis-(acetyloxy)-N-phenyl-succinimide, C14H13NO6. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2012.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Tanzer EM, Zimmer LE, Schweizer WB, Gilmour R. Fluorinated Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Epoxidation of Enals: Molecular Preorganisation by the Fluorine-Iminium Ion Gauche Effect. Chemistry 2012; 18:11334-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tanzer EM, Schweizer WB, Ebert MO, Gilmour R. Designing fluorinated cinchona alkaloids for enantioselective catalysis: controlling internal rotation by a fluorine-ammonium ion gauche effect (φ(NCCF)). Chemistry 2012; 18:2006-13. [PMID: 22250061 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The C9 position of cinchona alkaloids functions as a molecular hinge, with internal rotations around the C8-C9 (τ(1)) and C9-C4' (τ(2)) bonds giving rise to four low energy conformers (1; anti-closed, anti-open, syn-closed, and syn-open). By substituting the C9 carbinol centre by a configurationally defined fluorine substituent, a fluorine-ammonium ion gauche effect (σ(C-H) → σ(C-F)*; F(δ-)⋅⋅⋅N(+)) encodes for two out of the four possible conformers (2). This constitutes a partial solution to the long-standing problem of governing internal rotations in cinchonium-based catalysts relying solely on a fluorine conformational effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Tanzer
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Włostowski M, Ruśkowski P, Synoradzki L. Tartaric Acid and itsO-Acyl Derivatives. Part 10. Synthesis and Applications of Tartramides, Tartrimides andO-Acyltartramides and Imides. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2012.715052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Quintard A, Langlois JB, Emery D, Mareda J, Guénée L, Alexakis A. Conformationally Stabilized Catalysts by Fluorine Insertion: Tool for Enantioselectivity Improvement. Chemistry 2011; 17:13433-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Zimmer LE, Sparr C, Gilmour R. Konformative Fluoreffekte in der Organokatalyse: eine neuartige Strategie zum molekularen Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Zimmer LE, Sparr C, Gilmour R. Fluorine conformational effects in organocatalysis: an emerging strategy for molecular design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11860-71. [PMID: 21953782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular design strategies that profit from the intrinsic stereoelectronic and electrostatic effects of fluorinated organic molecules have mainly been restricted to bio-organic chemistry. Indeed, many fluorine conformational effects remain academic curiosities with no immediate application. However, the renaissance of organocatalysis offers the possibility to exploit many of these well-described phenomena for molecular preorganization. In this minireview, we highlight examples of catalyst refinement by introduction of an aliphatic C-F bond which functions as a chemically inert steering group for conformational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E Zimmer
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Cao W, Zhong JW, Wang J, Liu PL, Zeng Z. 2-(3,3,4,4-Tetrafluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)aniline. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2220. [PMID: 22058901 PMCID: PMC3200601 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the title fluorinated pyrrolidine derivative, C10H10F4N2, the dihedral angle between the best planes of the benzene and pyrrolidine rings is 62.6 (1)°. The crystal packing features intermolecular N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds.
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Paul S, Schweizer WB, Ebert MO, Gilmour R. A Novel Fluorinated Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex: Exploiting Fluorine Stereoelectronic Effects To Control Molecular Topology. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100789n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Paul
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Olivier Ebert
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Hönggerberg, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Huang HM, Chen GL, Li M, Tu GG, Liu CM. (2R,3R)-N-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-2,3-dihydr-oxy-N'-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-yl)succinamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o765. [PMID: 21580609 PMCID: PMC2983857 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the structure of the title compound, C(18)H(15)ClN(4)O(4)S, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 1.4 (3)°. The angle between the phenyl ring and thia-diazole ring is 5.8 (4)°. The conformations of the N-H and C=O bonds are anti with respect to each other. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330047 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gen-Lin Chen
- Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Gang Tu
- Nanchang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330047 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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DiRocco DA, Oberg KM, Dalton DM, Rovis T. Catalytic asymmetric intermolecular stetter reaction of heterocyclic aldehydes with nitroalkenes: backbone fluorination improves selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10872-4. [PMID: 19722669 DOI: 10.1021/ja904375q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric intermolecular Stetter reaction of heterocyclic aldehydes and nitroalkenes has been developed. We have identified a strong stereoelectronic effect on catalyst structure when a fluorine substituent is placed in the backbone. X-ray structure analysis provides evidence that hyperconjugative effects are responsible for a change in conformation in the azolium precatalyst. This new N-heterocyclic carbene precursor bearing fluorine substitution in the backbone results in significantly improved enantioselectivities across a range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A DiRocco
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Graça Martins J, Cambeiro Barrulas P, Marques CS, Burke AJ. New Route to N‐Alkylated trans‐Pyrrolidine Diols from 2,2,3,3‐Tetramethoxybutane‐Protected Dimethyl Tartrate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910801916520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Graça Martins
- a Chemistry Department and Évora Chemistry Centre , University of Évora , Évora , Portugal
| | - P. Cambeiro Barrulas
- a Chemistry Department and Évora Chemistry Centre , University of Évora , Évora , Portugal
| | - Carolina S. Marques
- a Chemistry Department and Évora Chemistry Centre , University of Évora , Évora , Portugal
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- a Chemistry Department and Évora Chemistry Centre , University of Évora , Évora , Portugal
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