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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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Arevalo R, López R, Falvello LR, Riera L, Perez J. Building C(sp 3 ) Molecular Complexity on 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline in Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:379-389. [PMID: 33001533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [Re(N-N)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf (N-N=2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) compounds with tBuLi and with LiHBEt3 have been explored. Addition to the N-N chelate took place with different site-selectivity depending on both chelate and nucleophile. Thus, with tBuLi, an unprecedented addition to C5 of bipy, a regiochemistry not accessible for free bipy, was obtained, whereas coordinated phen underwent tBuLi addition to C2 and C4. Remarkably, when LiHBEt3 reacted with [Re(bipy)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf, hydride addition to the 4 and 6 positions of bipy triggered an intermolecular cyclodimerization of two dearomatized pyridyl rings. In contrast, hydride addition to the phen analog resulted in partial reduction of one pyridine ring. The resulting neutral ReI products showed a varied reactivity with HOTf and with MeOTf to yield cationic complexes. These strategies rendered access to ReI complexes containing bipy- and phen-derived chelates with several C(sp3 ) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, 95343, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Larry R Falvello
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Julio Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
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Beillard A, Bantreil X, Métro TX, Martinez J, Lamaty F. Alternative Technologies That Facilitate Access to Discrete Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7529-7609. [PMID: 31059243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes: these two words jump to the mind of the chemist and are directly associated with their utility in catalysis or as a pharmaceutical. Nevertheless, to be able to use them, it is necessary to synthesize them, and it is not always a small matter. Typically, synthesis is via solution chemistry, using a round-bottom flask and a magnetic or mechanical stirrer. This review takes stock of alternative technologies currently available in laboratories that facilitate the synthesis of such complexes. We highlight five such technologies: mechanochemistry, also known as solvent-free chemistry, uses a mortar and pestle or a ball mill; microwave activation can drastically reduce reaction times; ultrasonic activation promotes chemical reactions because of cavitation phenomena; photochemistry, which uses light radiation to initiate reactions; and continuous flow chemistry, which is increasingly used to simplify scale-up. While facilitating the synthesis of organometallic compounds, these enabling technologies also allow access to compounds that cannot be obtained in any other way. This shows how the paradigm is changing and evolving toward new technologies, without necessarily abandoning the round-bottom flask. A bright future is ahead of the organometallic chemist, thanks to these novel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beillard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Kinens A, Balkaitis S, Suna E. Preparative-Scale Synthesis of Vedejs Chiral DMAP Catalysts. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12449-12459. [PMID: 30256638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A scalable synthesis of chiral Vedejs-type DMAP catalysts is reported. The key step of the synthesis is amination of the enantiomerically pure 4-chloropyridine derivative using well-defined ZnCl2(amine)2 complexes. A series of Zn(II)-amine complexes have been synthesized to explore the scope of the ZnCl2-mediated amination of 4-halopyridines. Mechanistic studies support a Zn(II)-facilitated nucleophilic aromatic substitution as a plausible mechanism for the chlorine-to-amine exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artis Kinens
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Aizkraukles 21 , LV-1006 Riga , Latvia.,Department of Chemistry , University of Latvia , Jelgavas 1 , LV-1004 Riga , Latvia
| | - Simonas Balkaitis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Aizkraukles 21 , LV-1006 Riga , Latvia.,Department of Chemistry , University of Latvia , Jelgavas 1 , LV-1004 Riga , Latvia
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Aizkraukles 21 , LV-1006 Riga , Latvia.,Department of Chemistry , University of Latvia , Jelgavas 1 , LV-1004 Riga , Latvia
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Mazuryk O, Łomzik M, Martineau D, Beley M, Brindell M, Stochel G, Gros PC. Anticancer activity of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes bearing pyrrolidine substituents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hue RJ, Vatassery R, Mann KR, Gladfelter WL. Zinc oxide nanocrystal quenching of emission from electron-rich ruthenium-bipyridine complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4630-9. [PMID: 25655833 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic bipyridine ruthenium complexes were prepared using known synthetic methods. Each compound incorporated one electron withdrawing 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine and two bipyridines each of which had electron donating dialkylamine substituents in the 4 and 4' positions. The electronic absorption spectra exhibited absorptions that moved to lower energy as the donor ability of the amine substituent increased. Density functional calculations established that the HOMO was delocalized over the metal and two pyridine groups located trans to the pyridines of the dicarboxylic acid bipyridine. The LUMO was delocalized over the dicarboxylic acid bipyridine. Cyclic voltammetry of the deprotonated compounds exhibit one quasi-reversible oxidation and three reductions. Coupled with the emission data, the excited state reduction potentials were estimated to range from -0.93 to -1.03 V vs. NHE. Monodispersed 3.2 nm diameter nanocrystals (NCs) of zinc oxide were found to quench partially the excited state of the dyes via a static quenching electron transfer process involving the formation of a dyad of the complex and the NC. The magnitude of the partial quenching of complexed dyes was correlated to the distribution of band gaps for the NCs, which is an inverse function of diameter. Dyes attached to the NCs on the small end of the particle size distribution had electron transfer rates that were uncompetitive with radiative and nonradiative decay mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Hue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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A ruthenium(II) bipyridine complex containing a 4,5-diazafluorene moiety: Synthesis, characterization and its applications in transfer hydrogenation of ketones and dye sensitized solar cells. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zúñiga C, Crivelli I, Loeb B. Synthesis, characterization, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of donor–acceptor ruthenium(II) polypyridine ligand derivatives with potential NLO applications. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Beley M, Gros PC. Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes Bearing Pyrroles and π-Extended Analogues. Synthesis, Spectroelectronic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5002183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Beley
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC UMR7565, Photosens, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, SRSMC UMR7565, Photosens, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC UMR7565, Photosens, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, SRSMC UMR7565, Photosens, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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Hommes P, Fischer C, Lindner C, Zipse H, Reissig HU. Unprecedented Strong Lewis Bases-Synthesis and Methyl Cation Affinities of Dimethylamino-Substituted Terpyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7647-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Hommes P, Fischer C, Lindner C, Zipse H, Reißig HU. Extrem starke Lewis-Basen - Synthese und Methylkationaffinitäten von Dimethylamino-substituierten Terpyridinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mongin F, Harrison-Marchand A. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 2. Syntheses and Reactivities of Homo/HeteroMAAs. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7563-727. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mongin
- Equipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10A, Case 1003, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
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Díez-Pérez I, Li Z, Guo S, Madden C, Huang H, Che Y, Yang X, Zang L, Tao N. Ambipolar transport in an electrochemically gated single-molecule field-effect transistor. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7044-7052. [PMID: 22789617 DOI: 10.1021/nn302090t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport is studied in single-molecule junctions formed with a 1,7-pyrrolidine-substituted 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) molecular block using an electrochemical gate. Compared to an unsubstituted-PTCDI block, spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements indicate a reduction in the highest occupied (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital energy gap associated with the electron donor character of the substituents. The small HOMO-LUMO energy gap allows for switching between electron- and hole-dominated charge transports as a function of gate voltage, thus demonstrating a single-molecule ambipolar field-effect transistor. Both the unsubstituted and substituted molecules display similar n-type behaviors, indicating that they share the same n-type conduction mechanism. However, the substituted-PTCDI block shows a peak in the source-drain current vs gate voltage characteristics for the p-type transport, which is attributed to a two-step incoherent transport via the HOMO of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Two novel cadmium(II) coordination polymers based on bis-functionalized ligand 4′-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2, 2′:6′, 2″-terpyridine. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Khartabil HK, Gros PC, Fort Y, Ruiz-López MF. Metalation of Pyridines with nBuLi−Li−Aminoalkoxide Mixed Aggregates: The Origin of Chemoselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2410-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910350q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K. Khartabil
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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16
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Controlled microwave synthesis of RuII synthons and chromophores relevant to solar energy conversion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Gros PC, Fort Y. Combinations of Alkyllithiums and Lithium Aminoalkoxides for Generation of Functional Pyridine Organometallics and Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C. Gros
- Groupe SOR, SRSMC, CNRS, Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre‐Lès‐Nancy, France, Fax: +33‐3‐83684979
| | - Yves Fort
- Groupe SOR, SRSMC, CNRS, Nancy Université, Faculté des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre‐Lès‐Nancy, France, Fax: +33‐3‐83684979
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Ma YZ, Yin HJ, Wang KZ. A β-d-Allopyranoside-Grafted Ru(II) Complex: Synthesis and Acid−Base and DNA-Binding Properties. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11039-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9034503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zi Ma
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ju Yin
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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Murphy F, Suárez S, Figgemeier E, Schofield E, Draper S. Robust Self-Assembled Monolayers of RuIIand OsIIPolypyridines on Gold Surfaces: Exploring New Potentials. Chemistry 2009; 15:5740-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Khartabil HK, Gros PC, Fort Y, Ruiz-López MF. A Theoretical Study on nBuLi/Lithium Aminoalkoxide Aggregation in Hexane and THF. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9393-402. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8019434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K. Khartabil
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Equipe Chimie et Biochimie Théoriques, and Equipe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Gros PC, Doudouh A, Woltermann C. Concomitant morpholine ring contraction and pyridine lithiation in 4-morpholinopyridine: straightforward access to N-pyridyl oxazolidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Carboxy-derived (tpy)2Ru2+ complexes as sub-units in supramolecular architectures: The solubilized ligand 4′-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4″-di-(tert-butyl)tpy and its homoleptic Ru(II) complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Grabulosa A, Beley M, Gros PC. Remarkable Effect of 4-Substituted 2,2′-Bipyridine Ligands on the Stereochemistry of Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Duncan TV, Ishizuka T, Therien MJ. Molecular Engineering of Intensely Near-Infrared Absorbing Excited States in Highly Conjugated Oligo(porphinato)zinc−(Polypyridyl)metal(II) Supermolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:9691-703. [PMID: 17629267 DOI: 10.1021/ja0707512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of chromophores, MPZn(n), which combine ethyne-bridged bis(terpyridyl)metal(II)-(porphinato)zinc(II) (MPZ(n)) and oligomeric, ethyne-bridged (porphinato)zinc(II) (PZn(n)) architectures, have been synthesized and characterized, along with a series of derivatives bearing pyrrolidinyl electron-releasing groups on the ancillary terpyridine units (Pyr(m)MPZn(n)). Cyclic voltammetric studies, as well as NMR, electronic absorption, fluorescence, and femtosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopies, have been employed to study the ground- and excited-state properties of these unusual chromophores. All of these species possess intensely absorbing excited states having large spectral bandwidth that penetrate deep in the near-infrared (NIR) energy regime. Electronic structural variation of the molecular framework shows that the excited-state absorption maximum can be extensively modulated [lambdamax(T(1) --> T(n))] (880 nm < lambdamax < 1126 nm), while concomitantly maintaining impressively large T(1) --> T(n) absorption manifold spectral bandwidth (full width at half-maximum, fwhm, approximately 2000-2500 cm(-1)). Furthermore, these studies enable correlation of supermolecular electronic structure with the magnitude of the excited-state lifetime (tau(es)) and demonstrate that this parameter can be modulated over 4 orders of magnitude ( approximately 1 ns < tau(es) < 45 micros). Terpyridyl pyrrolidinyl substituents can be utilized to destabilize terpyridyl ligand pi(*) energy levels and diminish the E1/2 (M3+/2+) value of the bis(terpyridyl)metal(II) center: such perturbations determine the relative energies of the PZn(n)-derived 1pi-pi(*) and bis(terpyridyl)metal(II) charge-transfer states and establish whether the T(1)-state wave functions of MPZn(n) and PyrmMPZn(n) species manifest the extensive electronic delocalization and charge-separated (CS) features characteristic of long-lived triplet states that absorb strongly in the NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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Martineau D, Beley M, Gros PC, Cazzanti S, Caramori S, Bignozzi CA. Tuning of Ruthenium Complex Properties Using Pyrrole- and Pyrrolidine-Containing Polypyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:2272-7. [PMID: 17305332 DOI: 10.1021/ic062042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pyrrole- and pyrrolidine-containing ligands (L) on the properties of heteroleptic [RuL2dcbpy]2+ complexes has been investigated. TiO2 electrodes modified with the new complexes exhibited extended absorption domains and high absorbances. Providing that a cobalt-based mediator was used for regeneration of the RuII state, good incident photon-to-current efficiency (near 80%) values were obtained in the pyrrole series.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martineau
- LIMBP, IPEM, Université Paul Verlaine, Bd Arago, 57070 Metz, France, SOR, UMR CNRS 7565, Université Henri Poincaré, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Doudouh A, Gros PC, Fort Y, Woltermann C. TMSCH2Li–LiDMAE: a new nonnucleophilic reagent for C-2 lithiation of halopyridines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Gros PC, Doudouh A, Woltermann C. First C-3 lithiation of DMAP: a new entry into chemical tuning of acylation catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2673-4. [PMID: 16786083 DOI: 10.1039/b605170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A TMSCH2Li-based reagent promoted the first C-3 lithiation of DMAP opening a direct access to functional diversity in acylation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C Gros
- Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, UMR CNRS-UHP 7565 Université Henri Poincaré, Faculté des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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