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Mazeh S, Garcia-Fernandez MD, Pelletier B, Moreau C, Delair P. Total synthesis of the natural (-)-205B alkaloid and its activity toward α7 nAChRs. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:817-822. [PMID: 36601968 PMCID: PMC9972826 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01723g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the synthesis of the (-)-205B alkaloid is described in this paper. This work is characterised by the development of an efficient chirality transfer through a silyl tethered intramolecular alkylation reaction, an unprecedented tandem highly selective iridium catalyzed partial reduction of lactam coupled with an acid promoted aza-Prins reaction, and an almost complete stereochemical control in Shenvi's radical hydrogen atom transfer on an exocyclic methylene. The second part of this work demonstrates the positive allosteric behavior of this natural alkaloid toward α7 nAChRs, in contrast to the reported inhibitory effect of the unnatural enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mazeh
- Départment de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, UMR-5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Delair
- Départment de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, UMR-5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Viceriat A, Marchand I, Carret S, Poisson JF. Synthesis of γ-Lactams by Formal Cycloadditions with Ketenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2449-2454. [PMID: 33705148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of γ-lactams is reported by a formal (3+2) cycloaddition between readily available ketenes and aziridines or a one-pot formal (2+1+2) cycloaddition using imines as aziridine precursors. The method is practical, is scalable, and affords high yields. It also offers a high level of regio- and diastereoselectivity on a wide range of substrates as well as a high stereoselectivity in the case of enantiopure aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Viceriat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 301 rue de la chimie, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Marchand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 301 rue de la chimie, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Carret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 301 rue de la chimie, 38000 Grenoble, France
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3
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Ziarani GM, Mohajer F, kheilkordi Z. Recent Progress Towards Synthesis of the Indolizidine Alkaloid 195B. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:82-90. [PMID: 31976841 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200124104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Natural products have been received attention due to their importance in human life as
those are biologically active. In this review, there are some reports through different methods related to the
synthesis of the indolizidine 195B which was extracted from poisonous frog; however, due to respect nature,
the synthesis of natural compounds such as indolizidine has been attracted much attention among scientists and
researchers.
Objective:
This review discloses the procedures and methods to provide indolizidine 195B from 1989 to 2018
due to their importance as a natural product.
Conclusion:
There are several methods to give rise to the indolizidine 195B as a natural product that is highly
active from the biological perspective in pharmaceutical chemistry. In summary, many protocols for the
preparations of indolizidine 195B from various substrates, several reagents, and conditions have been reported
from different aromatic and aliphatic.
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4
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Abstract
Background:
Natural products have been received attention due to their importance in human life as
those are biologically active. In this review, there are some reports through different methods related to the
synthesis of the indolizidine 195B which was extracted from poisonous frog; however, due to respect nature,
the synthesis of natural compounds such as indolizidine has been attracted much attention among scientists and
researchers.
Objective:
This review discloses the procedures and methods to provide indolizidine 195B from 1989 to 2018
due to their importance as a natural product.
Conclusion:
There are several methods to give rise to the indolizidine 195B as a natural product that is highly
active from the biological perspective in pharmaceutical chemistry. In summary, many protocols for the
preparations of indolizidine 195B from various substrates, several reagents, and conditions have been reported
from different aromatic and aliphatic.
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5
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Deng Y, Smith AB. Evolution of Anion Relay Chemistry: Construction of Architecturally Complex Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:988-1000. [PMID: 32270672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent union tactics in which three or more fragments are rapidly connected are highly prized in the construction of architecturally complex natural products. Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC), a multicomponent union tactic, has just such potential to elaborate structurally diverse scaffolds in a single operation with excellent stereochemical control. Conceptually, the ARC tactic can be divided into two main classes: "Through-Bond," by the relay of negative charge through the bonding system of a molecule; and "Through-Space," by the migration of negative charge across space by a transfer agent. "Through-Space" Anion Relay Chemistry, the focus of this Account, can be further subdivided into two types: Type I ARC, originated from the Tietze-Schaumann-Smith coupling reaction, which for the first time permits controllable Brook rearrangements to construct unsymmetrical adducts, and as such has been successfully employed in the total syntheses of diverse natural products, including the mycoticins, bryostatin 1, spongistatins, rimocidin, indolizidine alkaloids, and enigmazole A; and Type II ARC, central to which is the design of novel bifunctional linchpins that enable rapid assembly of linear and cyclic fragments with diverse architectural features, ranging from polyols, spiroketals, and polyenes to polypropionate scaffolds. Recently, the Type II ARC tactic has been exploited as the key construction tactic in the total syntheses of the spirastrellolides, the cryptocarya acetates, secu'amamine A, mandelalide A, and nahuoic acid Ci (Bii). This Account will present the evolution of both the Type I and Type II Anion Relay tactics, in conjunction with some prominent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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7
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Chen WL, Wang LY, Li YJ. C-H Functionalization of Amino Alcohols by Osmium Tetroxide/NMO or TPAP/NMO: Protecting Group-Free Synthesis of Indolizidines (-)-223AB and 3-epi
-(-)-223AB. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; 300 Syuefu Road 60004 Chiayi City Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ya Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; 300 Syuefu Road 60004 Chiayi City Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jang Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; 300 Syuefu Road 60004 Chiayi City Taiwan
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8
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Stereoselective Multicomponent Reactions in the Synthesis or Transformations of Epoxides and Aziridines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030630. [PMID: 30754666 PMCID: PMC6384726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ring heterocycles, such as epoxides and aziridines, are present in several natural products and are also highly versatile building blocks, frequently involved in the synthesis of numerous bioactive products and pharmaceuticals. Because of the potential for increased efficiency and selectivity, along with the advantages of environmentally benign synthetic procedures, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been explored in the synthesis and ring opening of these heterocyclic units. In this review, the recent advances in MCRs involving the synthesis and applications of epoxides and aziridines to the preparation of other heterocycles are discussed emphasizing the stereoselectivity of the reactions.
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9
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Hauke TJ, Wein T, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Novel Allosteric Ligands of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 (GAT1) by MS Based Screening of Pseudostatic Hydrazone Libraries. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10310-10332. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Hauke
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wein
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy—Center of Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Zhu L, Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic investigation on N → C α → O relay via non-Brook rearrangement: reaction conditions promote synthesis of furo[3,2-c]pyridinones. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9127-9138. [PMID: 29051939 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive density functional theory investigation was employed to disclose the effect of reaction conditions on the mechanism and effective anion relay sequence of a NaH promoted non-Brook rearrangement of benzaldehyde and 1-cinnamoylcyclopropanecarboxamides. Two main mechanisms were explored under four different reaction conditions: Na+-assisted and nH2O-Na+, 2H2O-DMSO-Na+, and Na+-DMSO co-assisted, and the difference relies on the reaction sequence between the concerted ring-opening and recyclization and electrophilic addition. Being different from previous reports, a cooperative participation of water, solvent DMSO and counterion Na+ is revealed in the preferential mechanism. The preferred scenario undergoes five major steps: deprotonation, aza-Michael addition, electrophilic addition, NaOH elimination and a concerted ring-opening and recyclization step. The rate-determining step is the concerted ring-opening and recyclization process with an energy barrier of 30.2 kcal mol-1. We found that the effective anion relay of a non-Brook rearrangement order is N → Cα → O rather than the previously proposed aza-oxy-carbanion. Meanwhile, a mixed type of ARC chemistry through a novel non-Brook rearrangement was disclosed. Moreover, the non-covalent interactions between substrate and reactant extensively affect the anion relay process by hydrogen-bonding (O-HO and C-HO) and electrostatic (Na+O) interactions. Thus, our results provide insightful clues to the mechanism of the reaction condition catalyzed non-Brook rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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11
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Han H, Smith AB. Anion Relay Chemistry: Development of an Effective Diastereoselective [3+2] Annulation Tactic Exploiting an Aldol/Brook Rearrangement/Cyclization Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14102-14106. [PMID: 29024282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An effective [3+2] annulation tactic for the construction of diverse bicyclic compounds possessing highly functionalized cyclopentane rings has been developed employing soft ketone enolates as the initial nucleophile for anion relay chemistry (ARC). The protocol entails a highly diastereoselective aldol/Brook rearrangement/cyclization cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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12
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Han H, Smith AB. Anion Relay Chemistry: Development of an Effective Diastereoselective [3+2] Annulation Tactic Exploiting an Aldol/Brook Rearrangement/Cyclization Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heeoon Han
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; 231 S. 34th street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; 231 S. 34th street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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13
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Grosheva D, Cramer N. Ketene Aminal Phosphates: Competent Substrates for Enantioselective Pd(0)-Catalyzed C–H Functionalizations. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Grosheva
- Laboratory of Asymmetric
Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric
Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Kandepedu N, Abrunhosa-Thomas I, Troin Y. Stereoselective strategies for the construction of polysubstituted piperidinic compounds and their applications in natural products’ synthesis. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An abridged and far-reaching review communication on the construction of the polysubstituted piperidinic core using diverse methodologies for the benefit of organic chemists interested in the total synthesis of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Kandepedu
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Isabelle Abrunhosa-Thomas
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Yves Troin
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- SIGMA Clermont
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
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15
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Zukerman-Schpector J, Madureira LS, Stefani HA, Gozhina O, Tiekink ER. Structural systematics of aryl-1,3-dithiane derivatives: crystal and energy-minimised structures, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2015-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The crystal structure analysis of three aryl-1,3-dithiane derivatives, with aryl=4-methylphenyl (1), 4-chlorophenyl (2) and 2,4-dichlorophenyl (3), shows the three molecules to have very similar conformations, with the aryl ring lying on an approximate mirror plane that bisects the dithiane ring which adopts a chair conformation; the energy-minimised structures are consistent with the experimental structures. The greater barrier to rotation about the methine-C–C(ipso) bond in 3, cf. 1 and 2, is related to unfavourable intramolecular S···Cl interactions in the putative transition state. The molecular packing in 1–3, while globally similar, are distinct, being based on combinations of identifiable C–H···π(arene), C–H···S and C–Cl···π(arene) interactions. The lack of isostructural relationships points to the significance of the identified intermolecular interactions to direct molecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Zukerman-Schpector
- Laboratório de Cristalografia , Estereodinâmica e Modelagem Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Sousa Madureira
- Laboratório de Cristalografia , Estereodinâmica e Modelagem Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio A. Stefani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Olga Gozhina
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Edward R.T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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16
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Chattopadhyay AK, Hanessian S. Cyclic enaminones. Part II: applications as versatile intermediates in alkaloid synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:16450-67. [PMID: 26490499 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Among many other strategies, the enaminone approach is an important strategy to construct and diversify the azacyclic core in various alkaloids syntheses. In this brief review we discuss the application of cyclic enaminones as building blocks, as well as potential intermediates in the total synthesis of selected alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Station Centre Ville, C. P. 6128, Montréal, Qc H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Station Centre Ville, C. P. 6128, Montréal, Qc H3C 3J7, Canada.
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17
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Nebe MM, Zinn S, Opatz T. A short and modular approach towards 3,5-disubstituted indolizidine alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7084-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A short modular access to 5,9-trans-configurated 3,5-disubstituted indolizidines through double α-metalation of piperidine is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Nebe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Sina Zinn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
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18
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Kaluza NM, Schollmeyer D, Nubbemeyer U. Total Synthesis of (-)-C/D-cis-Dehydro-3-O-methyl-estradiols. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Farrell M, Melillo B, Smith AB. Type II Anion Relay Chemistry: Exploiting Bifunctional Weinreb Amide Linchpins for the One-Pot Synthesis of Differentiated 1,3-Diketones, Pyrans, and Spiroketals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:232-5. [PMID: 26586577 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and validation of new highly effective bifunctional linchpins for type II anion relay chemistry (ARC) has been achieved. The mechanistically novel negative-charge migration that comprises the Brook rearrangement is now initiated by a stabilized tetrahedral intermediate, which is generated by nucleophilic addition to a Weinreb amide, rather than by a simple oxyanion that is generated from an epoxide. As a result, the linchpin preserves the carbonyl functionality in the ARC adducts, thus permitting access to functionally complex systems in a single flask without the need for further chemical manipulations. This tactic was validated with the one-pot preparation of monoprotected 1,3-diketones as well as pyran and spiroketal scaffolds, depending on the choice of nucleophile, electrophile, and work-up conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA).
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20
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Farrell M, Melillo B, Smith AB. Type II Anion Relay Chemistry: Exploiting Bifunctional Weinreb Amide Linchpins for the One-Pot Synthesis of Differentiated 1,3-Diketones, Pyrans, and Spiroketals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Abstract
A total synthesis of (-)-secu'amamine A has been achieved exploiting Type II Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC) to provide the full linear carbon and nitrogen skeleton in a single flask with the requisite stereochemistry and functionality. A mechanistic rationale is also proposed to account for the stereochemical outcome of the key aldol reaction leading to the advanced aza tricyclic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeoon Han
- Department of Chemistry,
Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter and Monell Chemical
Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry,
Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter and Monell Chemical
Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Abstract
This review of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids (i.e., those in which the parent bicyclic systems are in general not embedded in polycyclic arrays) is an update of the previous coverage in Volume 55 of this series (2001). The present survey covers the literature from mid-1999 to the end of 2013; and in addition to aspects of the isolation, characterization, and biological activity of the alkaloids, much emphasis is placed on their total synthesis. A brief introduction to the topic is followed by an overview of relevant alkaloids from fungal and microbial sources, among them slaframine, cyclizidine, Steptomyces metabolites, and the pantocins. The important iminosugar alkaloids lentiginosine, steviamine, swainsonine, castanospermine, and related hydroxyindolizidines are dealt with in the subsequent section. The fourth and fifth sections cover metabolites from terrestrial plants. Pertinent plant alkaloids bearing alkyl, functionalized alkyl or alkenyl substituents include dendroprimine, anibamine, simple alkaloids belonging to the genera Prosopis, Elaeocarpus, Lycopodium, and Poranthera, and bicyclic alkaloids of the lupin family. Plant alkaloids bearing aryl or heteroaryl substituents include ipalbidine and analogs, secophenanthroindolizidine and secophenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (among them septicine, julandine, and analogs), ficuseptine, lasubines, and other simple quinolizidines of the Lythraceae, the simple furyl-substituted Nuphar alkaloids, and a mixed quinolizidine-quinazoline alkaloid. The penultimate section of the review deals with the sizable group of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids isolated from, or detected in, ants, mites, and terrestrial amphibians, and includes an overview of the "dietary hypothesis" for the origin of the amphibian metabolites. The final section surveys relevant alkaloids from marine sources, and includes clathryimines and analogs, stellettamides, the clavepictines and pictamine, and bis(quinolizidine) alkaloids.
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Abstract
Described herein is a short total synthesis of alkaloid (-)-205B (1) by means of an anti-selective SN2' alkylation of an attractively functionalized cyclopropanol and diastereoselective cyclization of the resulting aminoallene adduct for bicyclic ring formation. The synthesis features a general route to cis- or trans-2,6-disubstituted piperidines by lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the imine intermediate by an appropriate choice of solvent and cis- or trans-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines by an exceptional level of chirality transfer from a pendant allene. Particularly noteworthy are the brevity and convergence made possible by a segment-coupling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagavaram Narsimha Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Zhou Y, Yang Q, Shen J, Chen X, Peng Y, Gong Y. Merging Asymmetric Henry Reaction with Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction for the Construction of a Chiral Indolizidine Alkaloid Skeleton. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1446-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502379v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry
of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry
of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry
of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry
of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Fuctional Organic Molecule, Ministry
of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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25
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Kamath A, Fabritius CH, Philouze C, Delair P. A new approach to the 8b-azaacenaphthylene ring system. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9834-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the 8b-azaacenaphthylene ring system is described featuring several stereoselective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Kamath
- SERCO
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- ICMG FR-2607
- CNRS
| | | | - Christian Philouze
- MUST
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- ICMG FR-2607
- CNRS
| | - Philippe Delair
- SERCO
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- ICMG FR-2607
- CNRS
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26
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Ring Expansions of Activated Aziridines and Azetidines. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2015_159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Rao NN, Parida BB, Cha JK. Cross-coupling of cyclopropanols: concise syntheses of indolizidine 223AB and congeners. Org Lett 2014; 16:6208-11. [PMID: 25423297 DOI: 10.1021/ol503136s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic method for indolizidine or pyrrolizidine alkaloids based on readily available and attractively functionalized cyclopropanols, as exemplified in concise syntheses of indolizidine (-)-223AB, its 3-epimer, (-)-indolizidine 239AB, and (-)-indolizidine 239CD, is reported. This work highlights the applications of SN2' alkylation and C-acylation of cyclopropanols to meet stereochemical challenges in natural product synthesis. Also included is diastereoselective cyclization of the resulting aminoallene adduct for bicyclic ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagavaram Narsimha Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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28
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Rentner J, Kljajic M, Offner L, Breinbauer R. Recent advances and applications of reductive desulfurization in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Smirnov P, Katan E, Mathew J, Kostenko A, Karni M, Nijs A, Bolm C, Apeloig Y, Marek I. Formation of Three New Bonds and Two Stereocenters in Acyclic Systems by Zinc-Mediated Enantioselective Alkynylation of Acylsilanes, Brook Rearrangement, and Ene-Allene Carbocyclization Reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:12122-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501977r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Smirnov
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Einat Katan
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jomon Mathew
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Miriam Karni
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Anne Nijs
- Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The
Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of
Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum
Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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30
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Abstract
Concise and highly stereocontrolled total syntheses of racemic and enantiopure frog alkaloid 205B (1) were accomplished in 11 steps from 4-methoxypyridines 6 and 7 in overall yields of 8 and 8%, respectively. The assembly of the core of the natural product relies on a stereoselective Tsuji-Trost allylic amination reaction and a ring-closing metathesis. The synthesis features the use of an N-acylpyridinium salt reaction to introduce the first stereocenter and an unprecedented trifluoroacetic anhydride-mediated addition of an allylstannane to a vinylogous amide with complete facial selectivity. Deoxygenation of the C4 ketone proved difficult but was accomplished via a modified Barton-McCombie reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of diphenyl diselenide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel L. Comins
- Department of Chemistry, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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32
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Chen MZ, Gutierrez O, Smith AB. Through-bond/through-space anion relay chemistry exploiting vinylepoxides as bifunctional linchpins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1279-82. [PMID: 24375870 PMCID: PMC3969824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of new bifunctional linchpins that permit the union of diverse building blocks is essential for the synthetic utility of anion relay chemistry (ARC). The design, synthesis, and validation of three vinylepoxide linchpins for through-bond/through-space ARC are now reported. For negative charge migration, this class of bifunctional linchpins employs initial through-bond ARC by an SN 2' reaction, followed by through-space ARC exploiting a 1,4-Brook rearrangement. The trans-disubstituted vinylepoxide linchpin yields a mixture of E/Z isomers, whereas the cis-disubstituted and the trans-trisubstituted vinylepoxide linchpins proceed to deliver three-component adducts with excellent E selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
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33
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Abels F, Lindemann C, Schneider C. A General Strategy for the Catalytic, Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolizidine-Based Alkaloids. Chemistry 2014; 20:1964-79. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Through-Bond/Through-Space Anion Relay Chemistry Exploiting Vinylepoxides as Bifunctional Linchpins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Persico M, Ramunno A, Maglio V, Franceschelli S, Esposito C, Carotenuto A, Brancaccio D, De Pasquale V, Pavone LM, Varra M, Orteca N, Novellino E, Fattorusso C. New anticancer agents mimicking protein recognition motifs. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6666-80. [PMID: 23879262 DOI: 10.1021/jm400947b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The novel tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives 8g, 8h, and 8i showed selective cytotoxicity against M14 melanoma cells at low micromolar concentration. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) indicated the presence of three aromatic substituents on the pyrrole core as necessary for biological activity. Computational studies strongly suggest that the peculiar 3D orientation of these substituents is able to reproduce the hydrophobic side chains in LxxLL-like protein recognition motifs. Biological results showed altered p53 expression and nuclear translocation in cells sensitive to the compounds, suggesting p53 involvement in their anticancer mechanism of action. Unfortunately, because of poor solubility of the active analogues, it was not possible to perform further investigation by NMR techniques. Pharmacophore models were generated and used to perform 3D searches in molecular databases. Results indicated that two compounds share the same pharmacological profile and the same pharmacophoric features with our new derivatives, and one of them inhibited MDM2-MDM4 heterodimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Persico
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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36
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Arena G, Chen CC, Leonori D, Aggarwal VK. Concise synthesis of (+)-allo-kainic acid via MgI2-mediated tandem aziridine ring opening-formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Lett 2013; 15:4250-3. [PMID: 23909824 DOI: 10.1021/ol4020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3-Methyl vinyl aziridine undergoes a mild MgI2-promoted S(N)2' ring opening and concomitant cyclization with fumarate Michael acceptors to give trisubstituted pyrrolidines. The process is efficient and highly diastereoselective. This methodology has been applied to a concise asymmetric synthesis of (+)-allo-kainic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Arena
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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37
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Xu X, Zhang L, Liu X, Pan L, Liu Q. Facile [7C+1C] Annulation as an Efficient Route to Tricyclic Indolizidine Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9271-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Xu X, Zhang L, Liu X, Pan L, Liu Q. Facile [7C+1C] Annulation as an Efficient Route to Tricyclic Indolizidine Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 (China)
| | - Lingjuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 (China)
| | - Xiqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 (China)
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 (China)
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 (China)
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39
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Mitsunobu cyclodehydration of N-pivaloyl-2-aminophenethyl alcohol for asymmetric synthesis of trans-2,3-disubstituted indolines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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41
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Abels F, Lindemann C, Koch E, Schneider C. A General Organocatalytic Approach toward the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Indolizidine Based Alkaloids. Org Lett 2012; 14:5972-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302871u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Falko Abels
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Chris Lindemann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Eva Koch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig
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42
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Liu X, McCormack MP, Waters SP. An aza-Prins cyclization approach to functionalized indolizidines from 2-allylpyrrolidines. Org Lett 2012; 14:5574-7. [PMID: 23098169 DOI: 10.1021/ol302693u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of a diverse set of functionalized indolizidine systems has been accomplished through the aza-Prins cyclization of 2-allylpyrrolidines. The condensation of aldehydes onto 2-allylpyrrolidines yields iminium ions that undergo highly diastereoselective aza-Prins cyclization, producing up to two stereogenic centers and two new rings in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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43
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Lee JH, Oh CH. ChemoselectiveO-Benzylation of the Propargylic Hydroxy Group in Polyols. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Kondakal VV, Ilyas Qamar M, Hemming K. The synthesis of hydroxy-pyrrolizidines and indolizidines from cyclopropenones: towards hyacinthacines, australines and jenamidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of azacycloalkenes via intermolecular rhodium carbenoid C–H insertion/ring-closing metathesis sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Kim JH, Shin H, Lee SG. Chemoselective intramolecular alkylation of the Blaise reaction intermediates: tandem one-pot synthesis of exo-cyclic enaminoesters and their applications toward the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1560-5. [PMID: 22242772 DOI: 10.1021/jo201964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular alkylative reactivity and N/C selectivity of the various Blaise reaction intermediates, which are formed from the reaction of the Reformatsky reagents with ω-chloroalkyl nitriles, did not reach the synthetic potential as an entry to exo-cyclic enaminoesters. To circumvent this issue, various additives were investigated, among which the addition of NaHMDS dramatically enhanced the reactivity and N/C selectivity. This modification provided a highly efficient route for the synthesis of various N-fused heterocyclic compounds, as it requires only two steps from nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK21), Ewha Womans University, 125-750 Seoul, Korea
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47
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Smith AB, Risatti CA, Atasoylu O, Bennett CS, Liu J, Cheng H, TenDyke K, Xu Q. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of diminutive forms of (+)-spongistatin 1: lessons learned. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14042-53. [PMID: 21761891 PMCID: PMC3164888 DOI: 10.1021/ja2046167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of two diminutive forms of (+)-spongistatin 1, in conjunction with the development of a potentially general design strategy to simplify highly flexible macrocyclic molecules while maintaining biological activity, have been achieved. Examination of the solution conformations of (+)-spongistatin 1 revealed a common conformational preference along the western perimeter comprising the ABEF rings. Exploiting the hypothesis that the small-molecule recognition/binding domains are likely to comprise the conformationally less mobile portions of a ligand led to the design of analogues, incorporating tethers (blue) in place of the CD and the ABCD components of the (+)-spongistatin 1 macrolide, such that the conformation of the retained (+)-spongistatin 1 skeleton would mimic the assigned solution conformations of the natural product. The observed nanomolar cytotoxicity and microtubule destabilizing activity of the ABEF analogue provide support for both the assigned solution conformation of (+)-spongistatin 1 and the validity of the design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, 19104, United States.
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48
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Tsukanov SV, Comins DL. Concise Total Synthesis of the Frog Alkaloid (−)-205 B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Tsukanov SV, Comins DL. Concise Total Synthesis of the Frog Alkaloid (−)-205 B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8626-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Smith AB, Han H, Kim WS. Diversity-oriented synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted piperidines via type II anion relay chemistry. Org Lett 2011; 13:3328-31. [PMID: 21644563 PMCID: PMC3135908 DOI: 10.1021/ol2010598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An effective, general protocol for the Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) of 2,4,6-trisubstituted piperidine congeners has been designed and validated. The successful strategy entails a modular approach to all possible stereoisomers of the selected piperidine scaffold, exploiting Type II Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC), followed in turn by intramolecular S(N)2 cyclization, chemoselective removal of the dithiane moieties and carbonyl reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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