1
|
Cheng J, Jiang R, Shan Y, Sun H, Kanehashi S, Ogino K. Polyfluorene-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers: synthesis and electron transport behavior. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23505-23510. [PMID: 39071481 PMCID: PMC11273366 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Under mild reaction conditions, we synthesized diblock copolymers of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PFO-b-PEO) via end-capping poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on one end. We investigated the thermal, optical, electrochemical and crystalline properties as well as electron transport performance of these polymers. Our results demonstrate that PFO-b-PEO diblock copolymers with short PEO chains (M n = 1000 and 2000 g mol-1) exhibit higher electron mobilities compared to the PFO homopolymer and longer PEO chain (M n = 4000 g mol-1) attached copolymers. This enhanced electron mobility is attributed to the higher crystallinity induced by the shorter PEO chain end-capping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Changzhou 213164 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Ruoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Changzhou 213164 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuhua Shan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Hong Sun
- Zhejiang Fenghong New-material Co. Ltd. Huzhou 313300 China
| | - Shinji Kanehashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng J, Jiang R, Shan Y, Sun H, Kanehashi S, Ogino K. Synthesis and Electron Transporting Properties of Diblock Copolymers Consisting of Polyfluorene and Polystyrene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2694. [PMID: 38893958 PMCID: PMC11174037 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (PFO) is a promising material for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) due to its advantageous properties. To enhance its electron transporting capabilities, diblock polymers were synthesized by attaching polystyrene (PSt) chains of varying lengths to one end of the PFO molecule. In a comparative study with PFO homopolymer, the diblock polymers maintained similar thermal properties, absorption spectra, and photoluminescent stability, while exhibiting slightly deeper lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels and higher crystallinity. Notably, diblock polymers with shorter polystyrene blocks demonstrated higher electron mobility than the PFO homopolymer and diblock polymers with excessively long polystyrene blocks. These findings suggest that the optimal chain length of the polystyrene block is crucial for maximizing electron mobility, thus offering valuable insights for designing high-performance PLED materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China; (J.C.)
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
| | - Ruoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China; (J.C.)
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
| | - Yuhua Shan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Zhejiang Fenghong New-Material Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Shinji Kanehashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan;
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horbaczewskyj CS, Fairlamb IJS. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2240-2269. [PMID: 36032362 PMCID: PMC9396667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This Review examines parts per million (ppm) palladium
concentrations
in catalytic cross-coupling reactions and their relationship with
mole percentage (mol %). Most studies in catalytic cross-coupling
chemistry have historically focused on the concentration ratio between
(pre)catalyst and the limiting reagent (substrate), expressed as mol
%. Several recent papers have outlined the use of “ppm level”
palladium as an alternative means of describing catalytic cross-coupling
reaction systems. This led us to delve deeper into the literature
to assess whether “ppm level” palladium is a practically
useful descriptor of catalyst quantities in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling
reactions. Indeed, we conjectured that many reactions could, unknowingly,
have employed low “ppm levels” of palladium (pre)catalyst,
and generally, what would the spread of ppm palladium look like across
a selection of studies reported across the vast array of the cross-coupling
chemistry literature. In a few selected examples, we have examined
other metal catalyst systems for comparison with palladium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Y, Zhu Y, Wang J, Shang Z, Jin H, Ding Y, Hu A. Narrowly-Distributed Conjugated Polymers Synthesized through Suzuki Polymerization with Palladium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Confined in Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202102979. [PMID: 34750897 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic heterogenous Suzuki polymerization method was developed by confining the Pd(II)-catalyzed cross coupling reactions to take place exclusively in the nanochannels of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Conjugated polymers with various monomer combinations, including donor-acceptor structures, were obtained in high yields. The molecular weights of the obtained polymers were well controlled with narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI value down to 1.13). All the polymeric products were highly soluble in common organic solvents, granting them with high processability. All the features of this confined Suzuki polymerization method endow the conjugated polymers great potential in optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Huixian Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Menon BRK, Richmond D, Menon N. Halogenases for biosynthetic pathway engineering: Toward new routes to naturals and non-naturals. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1823788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binuraj R. K. Menon
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Daniel Richmond
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Navya Menon
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Varni AJ, Bautista MV, Noonan KJ. Chemoselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Borylation of Bromoiodoarenes Under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6770-6777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Varni
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Michael V. Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| | - Kevin J.T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2567, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Managing intramolecular energy transfer in well-defined polyfluorenes grafting one/two orange emissive groups on central or terminal fluorene unit. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Pu X, He J. A fast semi-continuous anionic process for fluorene-functionalized homo and block oligomers with uniform molecular weights. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A semi-continuous strategy based on anionic reactions was developed for the step-by-step synthesis of oligomers with uniform molecular weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Pu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou M, Li J, Zhang H, Hong K. Stimuli-responsive fiber-like micelles from the self-assembly of well-defined rod-coil block copolymer. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Han SY, Niu X, Wang J, Jin GX, Liu A, Ma JP. Characterization and gas adsorption of a novel three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) generated from a new polydentate fluorene-bridged ligand. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:212-217. [PMID: 29400337 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A polydentate ligand bridged by a fluorene group, namely 9,9-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,7-bis(pyridin-4-yl)fluorene (L), has been prepared under solvothermal conditions in acetonitrile. Crystals of the three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) poly[[[μ3-9,9-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,7-bis(pyridin-4-yl)fluorene-κ3N:N':O]bis(methanol-κO)(μ-sulfato-κ2O:O')nickel(II)] methanol disolvate], {[Ni(SO4)(C27H24N2O2)(CH3OH)]·2CH3OH}n, (I), were obtained by the solvothermal reaction of L and NiSO4 in methanol. The ligand L forms a two-dimensional network in the crystallographic bc plane via two groups of O-H...N hydrogen bonds and neighbouring two-dimensional planes are completely parallel and stack to form a three-dimensional structure. In (I), the NiII ions are linked by sulfate ions through Ni-O bonds to form inorganic chains and these Ni-containing chains are linked into a three-dimensional framework via Ni-O and Ni-N bonds involving the polydentate ligand L. With one of the hydroxy groups of L coordinating to the NiII atom, the torsion angle of the hydroxyethyl group changes from that of the uncoordinated molecule. In addition, the adsorption properties of (I) with carbon dioxide were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ying Han
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Xia Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ping Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crossley DL, Vitorica-Yrezabal I, Humphries MJ, Turner ML, Ingleson MJ. Highly Emissive Far Red/Near-IR Fluorophores Based on Borylated Fluorene-Benzothiadiazole Donor-Acceptor Materials. Chemistry 2016; 22:12439-48. [PMID: 27460768 PMCID: PMC6680280 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura and Negishi cross-coupling reactions of bromine-functionalised borylated precursors enable the facile, high yielding, synthesis of borylated donor-acceptor materials that contain electron-rich aromatic units and/or extended effective conjugation lengths. These materials have large Stokes shifts, low LUMO energies, small band-gaps and significant fluorescence emission >700 nm in solution and when dispersed in a host polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Crossley
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Martin J Humphries
- Cambridge Display Technology Ltd. (Company Number 02672530) Unit 12, Cardinal Park, Cardinal Way, Godmanchester, PE29 2XG, UK
| | - Michael L Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Steverlynck J, De Cattelle A, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. Energy transfer in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-g
-Polyfluorene graft copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Steverlynck
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee B-3001 Belgium
| | - Amaury De Cattelle
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee B-3001 Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, University of Mons-UMONS; 23 Place Du Parc Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, University of Mons-UMONS; 23 Place Du Parc Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Heverlee B-3001 Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Z, Hu P, Li X, Zhan H, Cheng Y. Investigation of Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polycondensation of AB-type fluorene monomer using coordination-saturated aryl Pd(II) halide complexes as initiators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sui A, Shi X, Tian H, Geng Y, Wang F. Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst-transfer polycondensation with Pd(IPr)(OAc)2as the catalyst for the controlled synthesis of polyfluorenes and polythiophenes. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Xu S, Kim EH, Wei A, Negishi EI. Pd- and Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in the synthesis of organic electronic materials. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2014; 15:044201. [PMID: 27877696 PMCID: PMC5090684 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/4/044201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules and polymers with extended π-conjugation are appealing as advanced electronic materials, and have already found practical applications in thin-film transistors, light emitting diodes, and chemical sensors. Transition metal (TM)-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies have evolved over the past four decades into one of the most powerful and versatile methods for C-C bond formation, enabling the construction of a diverse and sophisticated range of π-conjugated oligomers and polymers. In this review, we focus our discussion on recent synthetic developments of several important classes of π-conjugated systems using TM-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, with a perspective on their utility for organic electronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Ei-ichi Negishi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Sun Y, Hsu BBY, Lorbach A, Qi L, Heeger AJ, Bazan GC. Design and Properties of Intermediate-Sized Narrow Band-Gap Conjugated Molecules Relevant to Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5697-708. [DOI: 10.1021/ja413144u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Center for Polymers and Organic
Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of
Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
(CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanming Sun
- Center for Polymers and Organic
Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of
Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
(CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ben B. Y. Hsu
- Center for Polymers and Organic
Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of
Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
(CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Center for Polymers and Organic
Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of
Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
(CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Qi
- Center for Polymers and Organic
Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of
Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
(CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan J. Heeger
- Center for Polymers and Organic
Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of
Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
(CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic
Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of
Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research
(CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith KA, Pickel DL, Yager K, Kisslinger K, Verduzco R. Conjugated block copolymers via functionalized initiators and click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A. Smith
- Rice University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringMS‐362, 6100 Main StreetHouston Texas77005‐1892
| | - Deanna L. Pickel
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge Tennessee37831
| | - Kevin Yager
- Center for Functional NanomaterialsBrookhaven, National LaboratoryUptonNew York11973
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional NanomaterialsBrookhaven, National LaboratoryUptonNew York11973
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Rice University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringMS‐362, 6100 Main StreetHouston Texas77005‐1892
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Smith KA, Lin YH, Dement DB, Strzalka J, Darling SB, Pickel DL, Verduzco R. Synthesis and Crystallinity of Conjugated Block Copolymers Prepared by Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3026223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Yen-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Dana B. Dement
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Seth B. Darling
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
United States
| | - Deanna L. Pickel
- Center for
Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical/Electronic Properties of Sphere-Rod Shape Amphiphiles Based on a [60]FullereneOligofluorene Conjugate. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1223-31. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Linshoeft J, Heinrich ACJ, Segler SAW, Gates PJ, Staubitz A. Chemoselective cross-coupling reactions with differentiation between two nucleophilic sites on a single aromatic substrate. Org Lett 2012; 14:5644-7. [PMID: 23121649 DOI: 10.1021/ol302571t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new thiophene building block, containing both a stannyl group and a boronic ester, was prepared. From this starting material, a general, nucleophile-selective one-pot reaction was developed, exploiting the different reactivities of the Stille and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. A series of aromatic electrophiles were used to demonstrate the high functional group tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Linshoeft
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin YH, Darling SB, Nikiforov MP, Strzalka J, Verduzco. R. Supramolecular Conjugated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300829u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, MS 362, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Seth B. Darling
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,
Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue,
Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Maxim P. Nikiforov
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue,
Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, MS 362, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yokozawa T, Suzuki R, Nojima M, Ohta Y, Yokoyama A. Precision Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) from Catalyst-Transfer Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:801-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Polythiophene-block-polyfluorene and Polythiophene-block-poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole): Insights into the Self-Assembly of All-Conjugated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102728z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Yokozawa T, Kohno H, Ohta Y, Yokoyama A. Catalyst-Transfer Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Poly(p-phenylene). Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101073x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kohno
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Battace A, Lemhadri M, Zair T, Doucet H, Santelli M. Direct Arylation of Thiophenesvia Palladium-Catalysed CH Functionalisation at Low Catalyst Loadings. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
26
|
Zhang X, Qu Y, Bu L, Tian H, Zhang J, Wang L, Geng Y, Wang F. Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Oligo(fluorene-co-bithiophene)s. Chemistry 2007; 13:6238-48. [PMID: 17458837 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of monodisperse oligo(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-co-bithiophene)s (OFbTs) with molecular lengths of up to 19.5 nm and molecular weights up to 7025 g mol(-1) has been synthesized by a divergent/convergent approach involving Stille coupling reactions. Stille coupling is quite efficient in preparing this class of oligomers, and even the molecule with nine fluorene units and eight bithiophene units (F9Th16) can be synthesized in a yield as high as 70 %. Because of easy functionalization of the thiophene ring at its alpha position, no additional protecting group allowing activation for further reaction is necessary. However, the synthetic routes must be optimized to eliminate contamination of the targeting compounds with the homocoupling product of the organotin reagents. Synthesis of the longest oligomer F13Th24 in a relative large quantity is limited by its low yield due to the pronounced ligand-exchange side reactions of the starting materials and reaction intermediates. All oligomers longer than F4Th6 are nematic mesomorphs and exhibit enhanced glass transition temperature and clearing point with increasing molecular length, as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. Absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal that OFbTs are well-conjugated systems with an effective conjugation length longer than the length of F13Th24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|