1
|
Smith BP, Truax NJ, Pollatos AS, Meanwell M, Bedekar P, Garrido-Castro AF, Baran PS. Total Synthesis of Dragocins A-C through Electrochemical Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401107. [PMID: 38358802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of dragocins A-C, remarkable natural products containing an unusual C4' oxidized ribose architecture bridged by a polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine, is presented through a route featuring a number of uncommon maneuvers. Several generations towards the target molecules are presented, including the spectacular failure of a key C-H oxidation on a late-stage intermediate. The final route features rapid, stereocontrolled access to a densely functionalized pyrrolidine and an unprecedented diastereoselective oxidative electrochemical cyclization to forge the hallmark 9-membered ring. Preliminary studies suggest this electrochemical oxidation protocol is generally useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendyn P Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nathanyal J Truax
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexandros S Pollatos
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael Meanwell
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
| | - Pranali Bedekar
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alberto F Garrido-Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Horáková P, Kočí K. Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Photochemistry for Manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238536. [PMID: 36500629 PMCID: PMC9738912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is any substance in a pharmaceutical product that is biologically active. That means the specific molecular entity is capable of achieving a defined biological effect on the target. These ingredients need to meet very strict limits; chemical and optical purity are considered to be the most important ones. A continuous-flow synthetic methodology which utilizes a continuously flowing stream of reactive fluids can be easily combined with photochemistry, which works with the chemical effects of light. These methods can be useful tools to meet these strict limits. Both of these methods are unique and powerful tools for the preparation of natural products or active pharmaceutical ingredients and their precursors with high structural complexity under mild conditions. This review shows some main directions in the field of active pharmaceutical ingredients' preparation using continuous-flow chemistry and photochemistry with numerous examples of industry and laboratory-scale applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Horáková
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- TEVA Czech Industries s.r.o., 747 70 Opava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamila Kočí
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin YC, Schneider F, Eberle KJ, Chiodi D, Nakamura H, Reisberg SH, Chen J, Saito M, Baran PS. Atroposelective Total Synthesis of Darobactin A. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14458-14462. [PMID: 35926121 PMCID: PMC9829381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A concise, modular synthesis of the novel antibiotic darobactin A is disclosed. The synthesis successfully forges the hallmark strained macrocyclic ring systems in a sequential fashion. Key transformations include two atroposelective Larock-based macrocyclizations, one of which proceeds with exquisite regioselectivity despite bearing an unprotected alkyne. The synthesis is designed with medicinal chemistry considerations in mind, appending key portions of the molecule at a late stage. Requisite unnatural amino acid building blocks are easily prepared in an enantiopure form using C-H activation and decarboxylative cross-coupling tactics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fabian Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kelly J Eberle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hugh Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Solomon H Reisberg
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almaliti J, Fajtová P, O'Donoghue AJ, AlHindy M, Gerwick WH. Improved Scalable Synthesis of Clinical Candidate KZR‐616, a Selective Immunoproteasome Inhibitor. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jehad Almaliti
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy The University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 16610 Prague Czech Republic
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States
| | - Anthony J. O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States
| | - Momen AlHindy
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy The University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lerman E, Levinger S, Albeck A. Optically Active Functionalized Building Blocks for Peptidyl Olefin Peptidomimetics. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lerman
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Shlomo Levinger
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Amnon Albeck
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lyubchuk TV, Hordiyenko OV. The use of N-halosuccinimides for cyclization with the formation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
7
|
Shee PK, Ratnayake ND, Walter T, Goethe O, Onyeozili EN, Walker KD. Exploring the Scope of an α/β-Aminomutase for the Amination of Cinnamate Epoxides to Arylserines and Arylisoserines. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edith Ndubuaku Onyeozili
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Greenaway CJ, Kennedy MS, Mayer C, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Trading N and O. Part 4: Asymmetric synthesis of syn-β-substituted-α-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Chen Y, de Frutos O, Mateos C, Rincon JA, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous Flow Photochemical Benzylic Bromination of a Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of a 2‐Oxazolidinone. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuesu Chen
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A. Avda. de la Industria 30 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A. Avda. de la Industria 30 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid Spain
| | - Juan A. Rincon
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A. Avda. de la Industria 30 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid Spain
| | - David Cantillo
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ouerfelli O, Tabarki MA, Pytkowicz J, Arfaoui Y, Brigaud T, Besbes R. Stereoselective synthesis of 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one derivatives from novel 2-hydroxymethylaziridines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1490771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oussema Ouerfelli
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de chimie biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Tabarki
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Julien Pytkowicz
- Laboratoire de chimie biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Youssef Arfaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Condensed Matter, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- Laboratoire de chimie biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Rafâa Besbes
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the potent anti-mycobacterial cyclic depsipeptide natural product ecumicin is described. Synthesis was achieved via a solid-phase strategy, incorporating the synthetic non-proteinogenic amino acids N-methyl-4-methoxy-l-tryptophan and threo-β-hydroxy-l-phenylalanine into the growing linear peptide chain. The synthesis employed key on-resin esterification and dimethylation steps as well as a final macrolactamization between the unusual N-methyl-4-methoxy-l-tryptophan unit and a bulky N-methyl-l-valine residue. The synthetic natural product possessed potent antimycobacterial activity against the virulent H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC90 = 312 nM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige M E Hawkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew M Giltrap
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gayathri Nagalingam
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bruckner S, Haase RG, Schobert R. A Synthetic Route to β-Hydroxytyrosine-Derived Tetramic Acids: Total Synthesis of the Fungal Metabolite F-14329. Chemistry 2017; 23:5692-5695. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bruckner
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University Bayreuth; Universitaetsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Robert G. Haase
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University Bayreuth; Universitaetsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University Bayreuth; Universitaetsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saikia I, Borah AJ, Phukan P. Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6837-7042. [PMID: 27199233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromination is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis and can be carried out using bromine and many other bromo compounds. Use of molecular bromine in organic synthesis is well-known. However, due to the hazardous nature of bromine, enormous growth has been witnessed in the past several decades for the development of solid bromine carriers. This review outlines the use of bromine and different bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis. The applications of bromine, a total of 107 bromo-organic compounds, 11 other brominating agents, and a few natural bromine sources were incorporated. The scope of these reagents for various organic transformations such as bromination, cohalogenation, oxidation, cyclization, ring-opening reactions, substitution, rearrangement, hydrolysis, catalysis, etc. has been described briefly to highlight important aspects of the bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang ZX, Chen SC, Jiao L. Total Synthesis of (+)-Minfiensine: Construction of the Tetracyclic Core Structure by an Asymmetric Cascade Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xin Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang ZX, Chen SC, Jiao L. Total Synthesis of (+)-Minfiensine: Construction of the Tetracyclic Core Structure by an Asymmetric Cascade Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8090-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xin Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affinity analysis and application of dipeptides derived from l-tyrosine in plasmid purification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1006:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
18
|
Malins LR, Giltrap AM, Dowman LJ, Payne RJ. Synthesis of β-Thiol Phenylalanine for Applications in One-Pot Ligation–Desulfurization Chemistry. Org Lett 2015; 17:2070-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Malins
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Giltrap
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Luke J. Dowman
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen K, Zhang SQ, Jiang HZ, Xu JW, Shi BF. Practical synthesis of anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acids by Pd(II) -catalyzed sequential C(sp(3) )-H functionalization. Chemistry 2015; 21:3264-70. [PMID: 25589007 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An improved and practical procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acids (anti-βhAAs), by palladium-catalyzed sequential C(sp(3) )-H functionalization directed by 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary, is described. followed by a previously established monoarylation and/or alkylation of the β-methyl C(sp(3) )-H of alanine derivative, β-acetoxylation of both alkylic and benzylic methylene C(sp(3) )-H bonds affords various anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acid derivatives. As an example, the synthesis of β-mercapto-α-amino acids, which are highly important to the extension of native chemical ligation chemistry beyond cysteine, is described. The synthetic potential of this protocol is further demonstrated by the synthesis of diverse β-branched α-amino acids. The observed diastereoselectivities are strongly influenced by electronic effects of aromatic AAs and steric effects of the linear side-chain AAs, which could be explained by the competition of intramolecular C-OAc bond reductive elimination from Pd(IV) intermediates vs. intermolecular attack by an external nucleophile (AcO(-) ) in an SN 2-type process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barbie P, Kazmaier U. Synthesis of fully protected, reverse N-prenylated (2S,3R)-3-hydroxytryptophan, a unique building block of the cyclomarins. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9267-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01438g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rather exotic amino acid of the cyclomarins, is obtained in enantio- and diastereomerically pure and fully protected form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Barbie
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santhakumar G, Payne RJ. Studies Toward the Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Microspinosamide. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Efforts toward the total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of the cyclic depsipeptide natural product microspinosamide are described. A single diastereoisomer was targeted corresponding to the predicted structure of the natural product incorporating a (2S, 3R)-β-hydroxy-p-bromophenylalanine residue. Assembly was achieved through the initial synthesis of a cyclic depsipeptide and a linear peptide thioester fragment by solid-phase peptide synthesis, followed by fusion of the two fragments through a native chemical ligation–oxidation protocol. Extensive spectroscopic analysis showed structural differences to the isolated natural product, suggesting that a diastereoisomer of microspinosamide had been synthesised. This work lays the foundation for the future synthesis of the correct diastereoisomer.
Collapse
|
22
|
Malins LR, Payne RJ. Synthetic Amino Acids for Applications in Peptide Ligation–Desulfurization Chemistry. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation is a powerful tool for the convergent assembly of homogeneous peptide and protein targets from unprotected peptide fragments. The method involves the chemoselective coupling of a peptide thioester with a peptide bearing an N-terminal cysteine (Cys) residue and is mediated by the nucleophilic Cys thiol functionality. A widely adopted extension of the technique for the disconnection of protein targets at alanine (Ala) ligation junctions has been the application of post-ligation desulfurization protocols for the mild removal of the Cys thiol moiety. Recently, attention has turned to the construction of synthetic amino acid building blocks bearing suitably positioned β-, γ-, or δ-thiol ligation auxiliaries with a view to expanding the scope of the ligation–desulfurization manifold. To date, several thiol-derived amino acids have been prepared, greatly increasing the generality and flexibility of chemoselective ligation technologies for the chemical synthesis of diverse protein targets. This review will highlight the current synthetic approaches to these important amino acid building blocks.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lou S, Ramirez A, Conlon DA. Catalyticsyn-Selective Direct Aldol Reactions of Benzophenone Glycine Imine with Aromatic, Heteroaromatic and Aliphatic Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Malik M, Witkowski G, Jarosz S. Carboxybenzyl Group as an O-Nucleophile in the C–H Allylic Oxidation: Total Synthesis of (−)-Castanospermine. Org Lett 2014; 16:3816-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501730p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Malik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Witkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jarosz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wong CTT, Li T, Lam HY, Zhang Y, Li X. Realizing serine/threonine ligation: scope and limitations and mechanistic implication thereof. Front Chem 2014; 2:28. [PMID: 24904921 PMCID: PMC4033038 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine ligation (STL) has emerged as an alternative tool for protein chemical synthesis, bioconjugations as well as macrocyclization of peptides of various sizes. Owning to the high abundance of Ser/Thr residues in natural peptides and proteins, STL is expected to find a wide range of applications in chemical biology research. Herein, we have fully investigated the compatibility of the STL strategy for X-Ser/Thr ligation sites, where X is any of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Our studies have shown that 17 amino acids are suitable for ligation, while Asp, Glu, and Lys are not compatible. Among the working 17 C-terminal amino acids, the retarded reaction resulted from the bulky β-branched amino acid (Thr, Val, and Ile) is not seen under the current ligation condition. We have also investigated the chemoselectivity involving the amino group of the internal lysine which may compete with the N-terminal Ser/Thr for reaction with the C-terminal salicylaldehyde (SAL) ester aldehyde group. The result suggested that the free internal amino group does not adversely slow down the ligation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarence T T Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianlu Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Yung Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation of The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Y, Farrants H, Li X. Adding a Functional Handle to Nature′s Building Blocks: The Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acids. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1752-64. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
27
|
Schubert V, Di Meo F, Saaidi PL, Bartoschek S, Fiedler HP, Trouillas P, Süssmuth RD. Stereochemistry and Conformation of Skyllamycin, a Non-Ribosomally Synthesized Peptide fromStreptomycessp. Acta 2897. Chemistry 2014; 20:4948-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
He ZT, Zhao YS, Tian P, Wang CC, Dong HQ, Lin GQ. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroboration of α-Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives: Facile Synthesis of Chiral β-Hydroxy-α-amino Acids. Org Lett 2014; 16:1426-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han-Qing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Modern Extensions of Native Chemical Ligation for Chemical Protein Synthesis. PROTEIN LIGATION AND TOTAL SYNTHESIS I 2014; 362:27-87. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
30
|
Zhao X, Xie M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Lin L, Feng X. ChiralN,N′-Dioxide-Yttrium Triflate Complexes-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Cyclization of α-Keto Esters with α-Isothiocyanato Imide. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
31
|
Coste A, Kim J, Adams TC, Movassaghi M. Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Bionectins A and C. Chem Sci 2013; 4:3191-3197. [PMID: 23878720 PMCID: PMC3713796 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The concise and efficient total synthesis of (+)-bionectins A and C is described. Our approach to these natural products features a new and scalable method for erythro-β-hydroxytryptophan amino acid synthesis, an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of a silyl-tethered indole, and a new mercaptan reagent for epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) synthesis that can be unravelled under very mild conditions. In evaluating the impact of C12-hydroxylation, we have identified a unique need for an intramolecular variant of our Friedel-Crafts indolylation chemistry. Several key discoveries including the first example of permanganate-mediated stereoinvertive hydroxylation of the α-stereocenters of diketopiperazines as well as the first example of a direct triketopiperazine synthesis from a parent cyclo-dipeptide are discussed. Finally, the synthesis of (+)-bionectin A and its unambiguous structural assignment through X-ray analysis provides motivation for the reevaluation of its original characterization data and assignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Coste
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bathula SR, Reddy MP, Viswanadham KKDR, Sathyanarayana P, Reddy MS. Access to Di- and Trisubstituted Oxazoles by NBS-Mediated Oxidative Cyclisation ofN-Acyl Amino Acid Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
33
|
Wong CTT, Tung CL, Li X. Synthetic cysteine surrogates used in native chemical ligation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:826-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Khatib ME, Elagawany M, Çalışkan E, Davis EF, Faidallah HM, El-feky SA, Katritzky AR. Total synthesis of cyclic heptapeptide Rolloamide B. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2631-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39291k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
35
|
De Marco R, Greco A, Rupiani S, Tolomelli A, Tomasini C, Pieraccini S, Gentilucci L. In-peptide synthesis of di-oxazolidinone and dehydroamino acid–oxazolidinone motifs as β-turn inducers. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4316-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
36
|
Conformationally constrained histidines in the design of peptidomimetics: strategies for the χ-space control. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2853-90. [PMID: 21686155 PMCID: PMC3116161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12052853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful design of peptidomimetics must come to terms with χ-space control. The incorporation of χ-space constrained amino acids into bioactive peptides renders the χ1 and χ2 torsional angles of pharmacophore amino acids critical for activity and selectivity as with other relevant structural features of the template. This review describes histidine analogues characterized by replacement of native α and/or β-hydrogen atoms with alkyl substituents as well as analogues with α, β-didehydro unsaturation or Cα-Cβ cyclopropane insertion (ACC derivatives). Attention is also dedicated to the relevant field of β-aminoacid chemistry by describing the synthesis of β2- and β3-models (β-hHis). Structural modifications leading to cyclic imino derivatives such as spinacine, aza-histidine and analogues with shortening or elongation of the native side chain (nor-histidine and homo-histidine, respectively) are also described. Examples of the use of the described analogues to replace native histidine in bioactive peptides are also given.
Collapse
|
37
|
Vecchione MK, Li L, Seidel D. Catalytic enantioselective aldol additions of α-isothiocyanato imides to α-ketoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4604-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Kometani M, Ihara K, Kimura R, Kinoshita H. Stereoselective Syntheses of (E)-α,β-Didehydroamino Acid and Peptide Containing Its Residue Utilizing Oxazolidinone Derivative. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
39
|
Katritzky AR, Haase DN, Johnson JV, Chung A. Benzotriazole-Assisted Solid-Phase Assembly of Leu-Enkephalin, Amyloid β segment 34−42, and other “Difficult” Peptide Sequences. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2028-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8026214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and PROTEOMICS, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-1376
| | - Danniebelle N. Haase
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and PROTEOMICS, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-1376
| | - Jodie V. Johnson
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and PROTEOMICS, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-1376
| | - Alfred Chung
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, and PROTEOMICS, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-1376
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Li Q, Yang SB, Zhang Z, Li L, Xu PF. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acids: Application to the Synthesis of a Key Intermediate for Lactacystin. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1627-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8023973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PRC
| | - Shao-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PRC
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PRC
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PRC
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PRC
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Michaux J, Niel G, Campagne JM. Stereocontrolled routes to β,β′-disubstituted α-amino acids. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2093-116. [DOI: 10.1039/b812116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ma B, Parkinson JL, Castle SL. Novel Cinchona alkaloid derived ammonium salts as catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of beta-hydroxy alpha-amino acids via aldol reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2007; 48:2083-2086. [PMID: 18350108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using the cinchonidine-derived phase-transfer catalyst de veloped by Park and Jew as a lead structure, we have prepared novel chiral ammonium salts and investigated their efficacy for the preparation of beta-hydroxy alpha-amino acids via asymmetric aldol reactions. The modifications were performed at C3 of the cinchonidine nucleus and include dimers as well as catalysts possessing electron-deficient alkyne and alkene moieties. Some of the new catalysts yielded improvements relative to the Park-Jew catalyst in the aldol reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Steinreiber J, Fesko K, Reisinger C, Schürmann M, van Assema F, Wolberg M, Mink D, Griengl H. Threonine aldolases—an emerging tool for organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|