1
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Wang X, Wang H, Zhao K, Yuan H, Shi F, Cui X. Active Pd Catalyst for the Selective Synthesis of Methylated Amines with Methanol. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5025-5035. [PMID: 36692494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Selective N-methylation of amines with methanol is an important reaction in the synthesis of high-value-added fine chemicals, including dyes, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. However, N-methylated amines possess higher reactivities and are prone to further transform into N,N-dimethylated amines. Therefore, it is still a challenge to controllably regulate the selectivity of N-methylation using heterogeneous catalysts without the use of base. Herein, we developed a series of Pd/Zn(Al)O catalysts with abundant basic sites, and the selectivity of N-methylation was controlled by a heterogeneous Pd/Zn(Al)O catalyst with a Zn/Al ratio of 10 and a Pd loading of 0.4 wt % in the pressure of H2. The experimental results showed that the appropriate basic properties of the catalyst were beneficial to form the desired N-methylated amine. The low loading of Pd in the catalyst was highly dispersed on the support, providing sufficient active sites. These were attributed to the Zn vacancies formed by Al-doped Zn, which were beneficial to form the highly active and stable Pd sites. Furthermore, a series of amines and nitrobenzenes with different functional groups were well tolerated for the selective synthesis of N-methylated amines in the absence of base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hangkong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xinjiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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2
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Huang W, Chen Z, Li‐Xia L, Zhou Y, Bo W, Jiang G. A Facile Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐
j
]phenanthridines
via
the Cascade Reaction of Indoleanilines and Aldehydes. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jun Huang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Chen
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Liu Li‐Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Yong‐Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Wu Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Guo‐Fang Jiang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
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3
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Jamuna K, Thimmarayaperumal S, Aravind MK, Sivakumar S, Ashokkumar B. Synthesis of indenophenanthridine via a [4+2] annulation strategy: a “turn-off’’ Fe 3+ ion sensor, practical application in live cell imaging and reversible acidochromism studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00579d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a novel fluorescent probe, 1,2-disubstituted-indeno[1,2,3-gh]phenanthridine, derived from a series of α-oxo-ketene dithioacetals (OKDTAs) and indenoquinoline under essential conditions via a [4+2] annulation in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Jamuna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | | | | | - Shanmugam Sivakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
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4
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Ferraro V, Castro J, Agostinis L, Bortoluzzi M. Luminescent heteroleptic copper(I) complexes with polydentate benzotriazolyl-based ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-021-00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Zhu WQ, Zhang J, Fan P, Shi LT, Li H, Yang MG, Li Y. Photocyclization synthesis of phenanthridine and its derivatives under direct dehydrogenation conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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An Y, Zhang BS, Zhang Z, Liu C, Gou XY, Ding YN, Liang YM. A carboxylate-assisted amination/unactivated C(sp2)–H arylation reaction via a palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5933-5936. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09265j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A carboxylate-assisted palladium-catalysed Catellani reaction, which is compatible with ortho-amination and unactivated C(sp2)–H arylation, synthesized a series of 1-amino substituted dihydrophenanthridines, phenanthridines and 6H-benzo[c]chromenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Ce Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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7
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A Garratt-Braverman cyclization route towards the synthesis of phenanthridine derivatives and their DNA-binding studies. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Rafiee F. Synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridinone derivatives based on Pd-catalyzed C-H activation. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of physic-chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak Tehran Iran
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9
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Hofmann J, Heinrich MR. Recent developments in intermolecular radical arylations of arenes and heteroarenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Erhardt H, Mohr F, Kirsch SF. Synthesis of geminal bis- and tristriazoles: exploration of unconventional azide chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:545-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A range of geminal bis- and tristriazoles are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellmuth Erhardt
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
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11
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Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Kong K, Cao W, Chen J. Synthesis and characterization of oxadisilole-fused phenanthridines and dioxatrisilole-fused phenanthridines from benzyne. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Tang C, Yuan Y, Jiao N. Metal-Free Nitrogenation of 2-Acetylbiphenyls: Expeditious Synthesis of Phenanthridines. Org Lett 2015; 17:2206-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yizhi Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Chen WL, Chen CY, Chen YF, Hsieh JC. Hydride-induced anionic cyclization: an efficient method for the synthesis of 6-H-phenanthridines via a transition-metal-free process. Org Lett 2015; 17:1613-6. [PMID: 25763919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel procedure for hydride-induced anionic cyclization has been developed. It includes the reduction of a biaryl bromo-nitrile with a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S(N)Ar). A range of polysubstituted 6-H-phenanthridines were so obtained in moderate to good yield with good substrate tolerance. This method involves a concise transition-metal-free process and was applied to synthesize natural alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
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14
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Chen YF, Hsieh JC. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Phenanthridines via Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed Annulation. Org Lett 2014; 16:4642-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
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15
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Sarkar S, Tadigoppula N. PhI(OAc)2–BF3–OEt2mediated domino imine activation, intramolecular C–C bond formation and β-elimination: new approach for the synthesis of fluorenones, xanthones and phenanthridines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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16
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The photochemistry of benzotriazole derivatives. Part 2: photolysis of 1-substituted benzotriazole arylhydrazones: new route to phenanthridin-6-yl-2-phenyldiazines. Molecules 2011; 16:10256-68. [PMID: 22158592 PMCID: PMC6264714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation of 1-substituted benzotriazole arylhydrazones 3a–c, 4a,b and 5a,b with a 16 W low pressure mercury arc-lamp (254 nm) for 24 h gave phenanthridin-6-yl-2-phenyldiazines 9a–c, phenanthridin-6(5H)-ones 10a–c, 1-anilinobenzimidazoles 11a–c, 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazoles 12a–c, 1-arylamino-1H-benzimidazol-2-carboxylic acid ethyl esters 14a,b, 1-aryl-1H, 9H-benzo [4,5][1,2,3] triazolo[1,2-a]tetrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl esters 16a,b, 1-arylamino-2-benzoylbenzimidazoles 18a,b and 2-benzoylbenzoxazole 21.
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17
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Voliani V, Ricci F, Signore G, Nifosì R, Luin S, Beltram F. Multiphoton molecular photorelease in click-chemistry-functionalized gold nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:3271-3275. [PMID: 22012898 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Yellow-green controlled photorelease: probes click-linked to peptide-coated gold nanospheres by a triazole ring can be released in living cells under a focused 561 nm laser at low power. Photocleaving follows a three-photon event stimulated by the excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Voliani
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, and Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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18
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19
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Pratsch G, Anger CA, Ritter K, Heinrich MR. Hydroxy- and Aminophenyl Radicals from Arenediazonium Salts. Chemistry 2011; 17:4104-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Zhong Z, Hong R, Wang X. Construction of 3-aryl-1,2,4-benzotriazines via unprecedented rearrangement of bis(benzotriazol-1-yl)methylarenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Budén ME, Dorn VB, Gamba M, Pierini AB, Rossi RA. Electron-Transfer-Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthridines by Intramolecular Arylation of Anions from N-(ortho-Halobenzyl)arylamines: Regiochemical and Mechanistic Analysis. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2206-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9025918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María E. Budén
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana B. Dorn
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martina Gamba
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana B. Pierini
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto A. Rossi
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Xu C, Si WL, Wang ZQ, Ma HJ, Ji BM. 1,3,5-Tris{[3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmeth-yl)phen-oxy]meth-yl}-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1936-7. [PMID: 21201144 PMCID: PMC2959237 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808028845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C51H45N9O3, three 1-(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-phenyloxy (bmph) ligands are bonded to the central benzene ring in an asymmetric arrangement, two bmph located on one side of the central benzene ring and the other bmph located on the opposite side of the central benzene ring. The dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the three pendant phenoxy rings are 76.71 (14), 67.81 (13) and 70.67 (16)°. In the crystal structure, one bmph is disordered over two sites in a 0.611 (5):0.389 (5) ratio. Some of the methyl H atoms are equally disordered over two sets of sites. Intermolecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.
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23
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Katritzky AR, Khelashvili L, Le KNB, Mohapatra PP, Steel PJ. Synthesis of o-Sulfamidotriazobenzenes from 1,1‘-Sulfonylbis(benzotriazole). J Org Chem 2007; 72:5805-8. [PMID: 17583958 DOI: 10.1021/jo0705723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Easily accessible 1,1'-sulfonylbis(benzotriazole) (Bt2SO2, 1) reacts with secondary amines at room temperature to afford (i) the corresponding o-sulfamidotriazobenzenes 2a-d (53-75%) via concurrent substitution of the first and ring opening of the second benzotriazolyl group and (ii) N-sulfonylbenzotriazoles 3b,c,e,f (7-73%). 1-(Morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-1H-benzotriazole 3c reacts with piperidine, pyrolidine, and N-methylpiperazine under microwave irradiation (120 W) at 120 degrees C for 10 min to give the unsymmetrical sulfamides 4a-c (80-90%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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