1
|
Majumder R, Jana D, Ghorai BK. Synthesis of V-shaped Thiophene Based Rotor-Stilbene: Substituent Dependent Aggregation and Photophysical Properties. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03591-2. [PMID: 38319521 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Thiophene core V-shaped rotor-stilbene derivatives have been synthesized utilizing two-fold Heck coupling reaction. These compounds are blue emitters with moderate quantum yield in dilute solution. Rotor nature of the synthesized stilbenes supports aggregation induced emission (AIE) behaviour and they show substituent dependent emission behavior in aggregate state. In presence of donating groups (e.g., tert-butyl, methoxy, diphenylamine group) in stilbenes, they exhibit AIE property. But with the introduction of electron withdrawing group (nitro group), they shows aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) behavior. Different types of nano-aggregates formation is observed in aggregated state, which was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The details photophysical (absorption, fluorescence, and lifetime), electrochemical property (cyclic voltammetry) and thermal stability have been investigated. Optimized structure, energy and electronic distribution of molecular orbitals have been studied by theoretical calculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Debabrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, 700 118, India
| | - Binay Krishna Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang EH, Combe PC, Schug KA. Multiple Reaction Monitoring for Direct Quantitation of Intact Proteins Using a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:886-896. [PMID: 26956437 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods that can efficiently and effectively quantify proteins are needed to support increasing demand in many bioanalytical fields. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QQQ-MS) is sensitive and specific, and it is routinely used to quantify small molecules. However, low resolution fragmentation-dependent MS detection can pose inherent difficulties for intact proteins. In this research, we investigated variables that affect protein and fragment ion signals to enable protein quantitation using QQQ-MS. Collision induced dissociation gas pressure and collision energy were found to be the most crucial variables for optimization. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions for seven standard proteins, including lysozyme, ubiquitin, cytochrome c from both equine and bovine, lactalbumin, myoglobin, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were determined. Assuming the eventual goal of applying such methodology is to analyze protein in biological fluids, a liquid chromatography method was developed. Calibration curves of six standard proteins (excluding PSA) were obtained to show the feasibility of intact protein quantification using QQQ-MS. Linearity (2-3 orders), limits of detection (0.5-50 μg/mL), accuracy (<5% error), and precision (1%-12% CV) were determined for each model protein. Sensitivities for different proteins varied considerably. Biological fluids, including human urine, equine plasma, and bovine plasma were used to demonstrate the specificity of the approach. The purpose of this model study was to identify, study, and demonstrate the advantages and challenges for QQQ-MS-based intact protein quantitation, a largely underutilized approach to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn H Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Peter C Combe
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc., Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Catalysis is common. Rational catalyst design, however, is at the frontier of chemical science. Although the histories of physical organic and synthetic organic chemistry boast key chapters involving [3s,3s] sigmatropic shifts, catalysis of these reactions is much less common than catalysis of ostensibly more complex processes. The comparative dearth of catalysts for sigmatropic shifts is perhaps a result of the perception that transition state structures for these reactions, like their reactants, are nonpolar and therefore not amenable to selective stabilization and its associated barrier lowering. However, as demonstrated in this Account, transition state structures for [3s,3s] sigmatropic shifts can in fact have charge distributions that differ significantly from those of reactants, even for hydrocarbon substrates, allowing for barriers to be decreased and rates increased. In some cases, differences in charge distribution result from the inclusion of heteroatoms at specific positions in reactants, but in other cases differences are actually induced by catalysts. Perhaps surprisingly, strategies for complexation of transition state structures that remain nonpolar are also possible. In general, the strategies for catalysis employed can be characterized as involving either mechanistic intervention, where a catalyst induces a change from the concerted mechanism expected for a [3s,3s] sigmatropic shift to a multistep process (cutting the transformation into halves or smaller pieces) whose overall barrier is decreased relative to the concerted process, or transition state complexation, where a catalyst simply binds (holds) more tightly to the transition state structure for a [3s,3s] sigmatropic shift than to the reactant, leading to a lower barrier in the presence of the catalyst. Both of these strategies can be considered to be biomimetic in that enzymes frequently induce multistep processes and utilize selective transition state stabilization for the steps involved. In addition, transition state complexation was the principle around which catalytic antibodies were originally designed. The field of catalysis of sigmatropic shifts is now ready for rational design. The studies described here all provide evidence for the origins of rate acceleration, derived in large part from the results of quantum chemical calculations, that can now be applied to the design of new catalysts for [3s,3s] and other sigmatropic shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean J. Tantillo
- University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vidhani DV, Krafft ME, Alabugin IV. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Allenyl Cope Rearrangement: Evolution from Asynchronicity to Trappable Intermediates Assisted by Stereoelectronic Switching. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2769-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh V. Vidhani
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Marie E. Krafft
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pratsch G, Overman LE. Synthesis of 2,5-Diaryl-1,5-dienes from Allylic Bromides Using Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11388-97. [PMID: 26514061 PMCID: PMC4697828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoreductive coupling of 2-arylallyl bromides in the presence of the photocatalyst Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2, a Hantzsch ester, and i-Pr2NEt gives 2,5-diaryl-1,5-dienes in high yield. This method avoids the use of stoichiometric metal reductants and is compatible with the presence of halogen, alkyl, electron-donating, and electron-withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pratsch
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang N, Samanta SR, Rosen BM, Percec V. Single Electron Transfer in Radical Ion and Radical-Mediated Organic, Materials and Polymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5848-958. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400689s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shampa R. Samanta
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Brad M. Rosen
- DuPont Titanium Technologies, Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven R. Kass
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rau NJ, Welles EA, Wenthold PG. Anionic Substituent Control of the Electronic Structure of Aromatic Nitrenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:683-90. [PMID: 23276248 DOI: 10.1021/ja306364z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Rau
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Emily A. Welles
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Paul G. Wenthold
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gilmore K, Manoharan M, Wu JIC, Schleyer PVR, Alabugin IV. Aromatic Transition States in Nonpericyclic Reactions: Anionic 5-Endo Cyclizations Are Aborted Sigmatropic Shifts. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10584-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University,
Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Mariappan Manoharan
- School of Science, Engineering
and Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Florida 32114, United States
| | - Judy I-Chia Wu
- Center for Computational Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2525, United States
| | - Paul v. R. Schleyer
- Center for Computational Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2525, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University,
Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xia Y, Zhou F, Li Y, Li W. Effect of electron-withdrawing group on the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements of 1,5-enynes, 1,5-diynes and 1,2-diene-5-ynes: A theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Lee JK, Tantillo DJ. Reaction mechanisms : Part (ii) Pericyclic reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b717028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|