1
|
Qu HJ, Yuan L, Jia CX, Yu HT, Xu H. DFT investigation of hydrogen atom-abstraction reactions of NHC-boranes by various carbon-centered radicals: barriers and correlation analyses. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34752-34763. [PMID: 35514392 PMCID: PMC9057721 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed a quantum-mechanical computational method to investigate the hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions of two nitrogen heterocyclic carbene boranes (NHC-boranes), NHC-BH3 and NHC-BH2CN, by a series of carbon-centered radicals bearing various substituents. We explored the degree of correlation of the activation and free energy barriers to their components. Furthermore, we also investigated the effects of the radical and substituent sizes, nucleophilicity/electrophilicity indices, and the spin density distribution of the radical reactants on the three fundamental barriers and the thermal contribution of the reaction energy to the kinetic barrier. Using the generated data, we assessed the abilities of the various radical reactants to abstract the hydrogen atom from NHC-boranes. Further, we performed a similar analysis after dividing those radical reactants into four groups, which were classified based on the dominant factor affecting their electronic density distribution, which involves the inductive effect, conjugation, hyperconjugation, and the feedback of lone-pair electrons. The results and conclusions of this investigation not only provide insight into the relationships between some of the key kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, which is useful for understanding the dynamics of such hydrogen-abstraction reactions, but also provide information for selecting suitable radical reactants for further experimental investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Daqing 163319 P. R. China
| | - Lang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paulisch TO, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Henkel C, Pitzer L, Guldi DM, Glorius F. Chain propagation determines the chemo- and regioselectivity of alkyl radical additions to C-O vs. C-C double bonds. Chem Sci 2020; 11:731-736. [PMID: 33209246 PMCID: PMC7640737 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the selectivity of intermolecular alkyl radical additions to C-O- vs. C-C-double bonds in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are described. Therefore, a photoredox-initiated radical chain reaction is explored, where the activation of the carbonyl-group through an in situ generated Lewis acid - originating from the substrate - enables the formation of either C-O or the C-C-addition products. α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes form selectively 1,2-, while esters and ketones form the corresponding 1,4-addition products exclusively. Computational studies lead to reason that this chemo- and regioselectivity is determined by the consecutive step, i.e. an electron transfer, after reversible radical addition, which eventually propagates the radical chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O Paulisch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Christian Henkel
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Lena Pitzer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tutkowski B, Meggers E, Wiest O. Understanding Rate Acceleration and Stereoinduction of an Asymmetric Giese Reaction Mediated by a Chiral Rhodium Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8062-8065. [PMID: 28558465 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The surprising acceleration of the addition of electron-rich radicals to α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles by a chiral-at-metal rhodium catalyst is investigated. M06/Lanl2DZ (Rh),6-31G(d) calculations reproduce the observed rate acceleration and shed light on a catalyst design where a rigid chiral pocket with a steric interaction >5 Å from the chiral metal center leads to the observed high stereoinduction. Analysis of the molecular orbitals of two key addition transition states emphasize the role of the catalyst as a Lewis acid without significant charge transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Tutkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Demissie TB, Hansen JH. Mechanism and Site Selectivity in Visible-Light Photocatalyzed C–H Functionalization: Insights from DFT Calculations. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7110-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taye B. Demissie
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørn H. Hansen
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cinar SA, De Proft F, Avci D, Aviyente V, De Vleeschouwer F. Relationship Between the Free Radical Polymerization Rates of Methacrylates and the Chemical Properties of their Monomeric Radicals. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Duygu Avci
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mishra D, Das S, Krishnamurthy S, Pal S. Understanding the orientation of water molecules around the phosphate and attached functional groups in a phospholipid molecule: a DFT-based study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.783701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Domingo LR, Pérez P. Global and local reactivity indices for electrophilic/nucleophilic free radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4350-8. [PMID: 23685829 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of five DFT reactivity indices, namely, the global electrophilicity ω° and nucleophilicity N° indices, the radical Parr function P, and the local electrophilicity ω and nucleophilicity N indices, for the study of free radicals (FRs) are proposed. Global indices have been tested for a series of 32 FRs having electrophilic and/or nucleophilic activations. As expected, no correlation between the proposed global electrophilicity ω° and global nucleophilicity N° has been found. Analysis of the local electrophilicity ω and nucleophilicity N indices for FRs, together with analysis of the local electrophilicity ωk and nucleophilicity Nk indices for alkenes, allows for an explanation of the regio- and chemoselectivity in radical additions of FRs to alkenes. Finally, an ELF bonding analysis for the C-C bond formation along the nucleophilic addition of 2-hydroxyprop-2-yl FR 28 to methyl acrylate 35 evidences that the new C-C bond is formed by C-to-C coupling of two radical centres, which are properly characterized through the use of the Parr functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Vleeschouwer F, Chankisjijev A, Yang W, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Pushing the boundaries of intrinsically stable radicals: inverse design using the thiadiazinyl radical as a template. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3151-8. [PMID: 23461465 PMCID: PMC3651879 DOI: 10.1021/jo400101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time inverse design was applied to search for the intrinsically most stable radical system in a predefined chemical space of enormous size by scanning in a rational way that entire chemical space. The focus was predominantly on thermodynamic stabilization effects, such as stabilization through resonance. Two different properties were optimized: a newly introduced descriptor called the radical delocalization value and the intrinsic stability via a previously established bond dissociation enthalpy model. The thiadiazinyl radical was chosen as case study of this new approach of inverse design in stable radical chemistry. The resulting optimal structure is found to be highly stable, intrinsically more so than other well-known stable radicals, such as verdazyls and N,N-diphenyl-N'-picrylhydrazyl, and even rivaling the intrinsic stability of nitrogen monoxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alcoba DR, Lain L, Torre A, Oña OB, Chamorro E. Fukui and dual-descriptor matrices within the framework of spin-polarized density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9594-604. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Theoretical study of the local reactivity of electrophiles of the type MPR 3 + (M = Cu, Ag, Au ;R = −H, -Me, -Ph). J Mol Model 2011; 18:2021-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Jahjah R, Gassama A, Dumur F, Marinković S, Richert S, Landgraf S, Lebrun A, Cadiou C, Sellès P, Hoffmann N. Photochemical Electron Transfer Mediated Addition of Naphthylamine Derivatives to Electron-Deficient Alkenes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7104-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201080m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Landgraf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 6229 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | | | - Patrice Sellès
- Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, 4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karahan Ö, Işi̇k M, Çifci G, Uǧur İ, Avci D, AvIyente VI. Cyclization tendencies in the free radical polymerization of allyl acrylate derivatives: A computational study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
14
|
Hemelsoet K, De Vleeschouwer F, Van Speybroeck V, De Proft F, Geerlings P, Waroquier M. Validation of DFT-Based Methods for Predicting Qualitative Thermochemistry of Large Polyaromatics. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:1100-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|