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Kitayama S, Shimizu H, Yokoshima S. Photoinduced rearrangement of α-(2-nitrophenyl)ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7896-7899. [PMID: 36177995 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoirradiation of α-(2-nitrophenyl)ketones produced cyclic hydroxamates. The reaction proceeded via photoinduced oxygen transfer from the nitro group to the benzylic position, forming an α-hydroxyketone having a nitroso group. Subsequent addition of the nitroso group to the ketone moiety and the concomitant cleavage of the C-C σ bond between the carbonyl group and the benzyl position produced hydroxamic acid, which underwent formation of a hemiacetal to give cyclic hydroxamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Kitayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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2
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Spears RJ, McMahon C, Chudasama V. Cysteine protecting groups: applications in peptide and protein science. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11098-11155. [PMID: 34605832 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protecting group chemistry for the cysteine thiol group has enabled a vast array of peptide and protein chemistry over the last several decades. Increasingly sophisticated strategies for the protection, and subsequent deprotection, of cysteine have been developed, facilitating synthesis of complex disulfide-rich peptides, semisynthesis of proteins, and peptide/protein labelling in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we analyse and discuss the 60+ individual protecting groups reported for cysteine, highlighting their applications in peptide synthesis and protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clíona McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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3
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Hammers MD, Hodny MH, Bader TK, Mahmoodi MM, Fang S, Fenton AD, Nurie K, Trial HO, Xu F, Healy AT, Ball ZT, Blank DA, Distefano MD. Two-photon uncaging of bioactive thiols in live cells at wavelengths above 800 nm. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2213-2223. [PMID: 33349821 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable protecting groups (PPGs) are useful for a broad range of applications ranging from biology to materials science. In chemical biology, induction of biological processes via photoactivation is a powerful strategy for achieving spatiotemporal control. The importance of cysteine, glutathione, and other bioactive thiols in regulating protein structure/activity and cell redox homeostasis makes modulation of thiol activity particularly useful. One major objective for enhancing the utility of photoactivatable protecting groups (PPGs) in living systems is creating PPGs with longer wavelength absorption maxima and efficient two-photon (TP) absorption. Toward these objectives, we developed a carboxyl- and dimethylamine-functionalized nitrodibenzofuran PPG scaffold (cDMA-NDBF) for thiol photoactivation, which has a bathochromic shift in the one-photon absorption maximum from λmax = 315 nm with the unfunctionalized NDBF scaffold to λmax = 445 nm. While cDMA-NDBF-protected thiols are stable in the presence of UV irradiation, they undergo efficient broad-spectrum TP photolysis at wavelengths as long as 900 nm. To demonstrate the wavelength orthogonality of cDMA-NDBF and NDBF photolysis in a biological setting, caged farnesyltransferase enzyme inhibitors (FTI) were prepared and selectively photoactivated in live cells using 850-900 nm TP light for cDMA-NDBF-FTI and 300 nm UV light for NDBF-FTI. These experiments represent the first demonstration of thiol photoactivation at wavelengths above 800 nm. Consequently, cDMA-NDBF-caged thiols should have broad applicability in a wide range of experiments in chemical biology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hammers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michael H Hodny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Taysir K Bader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - M Mohsen Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Sifei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Alexander D Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kadiro Nurie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Hallie O Trial
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Andrew T Healy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - David A Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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4
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Hogenkamp F, Hilgers F, Knapp A, Klaus O, Bier C, Binder D, Jaeger KE, Drepper T, Pietruszka J. Effect of Photocaged Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside Solubility on the Light Responsiveness of LacI-controlled Expression Systems in Different Bacteria. Chembiochem 2020; 22:539-547. [PMID: 32914927 PMCID: PMC7894499 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photolabile protecting groups play a significant role in controlling biological functions and cellular processes in living cells and tissues, as light offers high spatiotemporal control, is non‐invasive as well as easily tuneable. In the recent past, photo‐responsive inducer molecules such as 6‐nitropiperonyl‐caged IPTG (NP‐cIPTG) have been used as optochemical tools for Lac repressor‐controlled microbial expression systems. To further expand the applicability of the versatile optochemical on‐switch, we have investigated whether the modulation of cIPTG water solubility can improve the light responsiveness of appropriate expression systems in bacteria. To this end, we developed two new cIPTG derivatives with different hydrophobicity and demonstrated both an easy applicability for the light‐mediated control of gene expression and a simple transferability of this optochemical toolbox to the biotechnologically relevant bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis. Notably, the more water‐soluble cIPTG derivative proved to be particularly suitable for light‐mediated gene expression in these alternative expression hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hogenkamp
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Klaus
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claus Bier
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dennis Binder
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
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5
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Wang H, Sun X, Hu M, Zhang X, Xie L, Gu S. Bromination of
α
‐Diazo Phenylacetate Derivatives Using Cobalt(II) Bromide. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering & PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Hu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Xie
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringZhoukou Normal University Zhoukou 466001, Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering & PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 People's Republic of China
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6
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Abstract
An on-resin, three-component Passerini reaction was developed to synthesize C-terminal photocaged peptides. Highly compatible with conventional Fmoc SPPS, this reaction produces peptides with a C-terminal o-amido-6-nitroveratryl (αANV) ester in one pot with conserved chirality. Under physiological conditions, the C-terminal αANV ester rapidly photolyzed to revert to carboxylate, offering a convenient method for optical control of cellular signals by modulating the C-terminal carboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ho So
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
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8
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Lewin AH, Fix SE, Zhong D, Mayer LD, Burgess JP, Mascarella SW, Reddy PA, Seltzman HH, Carroll FI. Caged Naloxone: Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability of 3- O-(4,5-Dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)carboxymethyl Naloxone (CNV-NLX). ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:563-567. [PMID: 29154536 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The photolabile analogue of the broad-spectrum opioid antagonist naloxone, 3- O-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)carboxymethyl naloxone (also referred to as "caged naloxone", 3- O-(α-carboxy-6-nitroveratryl)naloxone, CNV-NLX), has been found to be a valuable biochemical probe. While the synthesis of CNV-NLX is simple, its characterization is complicated by the fact that it is produced as a mixture of α R,5 R,9 R,13 S,14 S and α S,5 R,9 R,13 S,14 S diastereomers. Using long-range and heteronuclear NMR correlations, the 1H NMR and 13C NMR resonances of both diastereomers have been fully assigned, confirming the structures. Monitoring of solutions of CNV-NLX in saline buffer, in methanol, and in DMSO has shown CNV-NLX to be stable for over a week under fluorescent laboratory lights at room temperature. Exposure of such solutions to λ 365 nm from a hand-held UV lamp led to the formation of naloxone and CNV-related breakdown products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita H. Lewin
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Scott E. Fix
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Desong Zhong
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Louise D. Mayer
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jason P. Burgess
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - S. Wayne Mascarella
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - P. Anantha Reddy
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Herbert H. Seltzman
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - F. Ivy Carroll
- Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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9
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Sharma AK, Kumar P, Vishwakarma RK, Singh KN. Transition-Metal-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Ethyl Arylacetates with Benzoic/Cinnamic Acids: A Practical Synthesis of α-Acyloxy Esters. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Promod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
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10
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Lear S, Munshi T, Hudson AS, Hatton C, Clardy J, Mosely JA, Bull TJ, Sit CS, Cobb SL. Total chemical synthesis of lassomycin and lassomycin-amide. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4534-41. [PMID: 27101411 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00631k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a practical synthetic route to the lasso peptide lassomycin () and C-terminal variant lassomycin-amide (). The biological evaluation of peptides and against Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed that neither had any activity against this bacterium. This lack of biological activity has led us to propose that naturally occurring lassomycin may actually exhibit a standard lasso peptide threaded conformation rather than the previously reported unthreaded structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lear
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - T Munshi
- St. George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A S Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - C Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - J Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - J A Mosely
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - T J Bull
- St. George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - C S Sit
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - S L Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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11
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Study of the Paternò–Büchi type photolabile protecting group and application to various acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Gatterdam V, Ramadass R, Stoess T, Fichte MAH, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A, Tampé R. Three-Dimensional Protein Networks Assembled by Two-Photon Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5680-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Gatterdam V, Ramadass R, Stoess T, Fichte MAH, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A, Tampé R. Dreidimensionale Proteinnetzwerke durch Zwei-Photonen- Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Banghart MR, Williams JT, Shah RC, Lavis LD, Sabatini BL. Caged naloxone reveals opioid signaling deactivation kinetics. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:687-95. [PMID: 23960100 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of opioid signaling in the brain remain poorly defined. Photoactivatable opioid ligands provide a means to quantitatively measure these dynamics and their underlying mechanisms in brain tissue. Although activation kinetics can be assessed using caged agonists, deactivation kinetics are obscured by slow clearance of agonist in tissue. To reveal deactivation kinetics of opioid signaling we developed a caged competitive antagonist that can be quickly photoreleased in sufficient concentrations to render agonist dissociation effectively irreversible. Carboxynitroveratryl-naloxone (CNV-NLX), a caged analog of the competitive opioid antagonist NLX, was readily synthesized from commercially available NLX in good yield and found to be devoid of antagonist activity at heterologously expressed opioid receptors. Photolysis in slices of rat locus coeruleus produced a rapid inhibition of the ionic currents evoked by multiple agonists of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), but not of α-adrenergic receptors, which activate the same pool of ion channels. Using the high-affinity peptide agonist dermorphin, we established conditions under which light-driven deactivation rates are independent of agonist concentration and thus intrinsic to the agonist-receptor complex. Under these conditions, some MOR agonists yielded deactivation rates that are limited by G protein signaling, whereas others appeared limited by agonist dissociation. Therefore, the choice of agonist determines which feature of receptor signaling is unmasked by CNV-NLX photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Banghart
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.R.B., R.C.S., B.L.S.); Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (J.T.W.); and Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia (L.D.L.)
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15
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Klán P, Šolomek T, Bochet CG, Blanc A, Givens R, Rubina M, Popik V, Kostikov A, Wirz J. Photoremovable protecting groups in chemistry and biology: reaction mechanisms and efficacy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:119-91. [PMID: 23256727 PMCID: PMC3557858 DOI: 10.1021/cr300177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1228] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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16
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Russell AG, Sadler MJ, Laidlaw HJ, Gutiérrez-Loriente A, Wharton CW, Carteau D, Bassani DM, Snaith JS. Photorelease of tyrosine from α-carboxy-6-nitroveratryl (αCNV) derivatives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:556-63. [PMID: 22249211 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of photolabile tyrosine derivatives protected on the phenolic oxygen by the α-carboxy-6-nitroveratryl (αCNV) protecting group is described. The compounds undergo rapid photolysis at wavelengths longer than 300 nm to liberate the corresponding phenol in excellent yield (quantum yield for the deprotection of tyrosine = 0.19). Further protection of caged tyrosine is possible, yielding N-Fmoc protected derivatives suitable for direct incorporation of caged tyrosine in solid-phase peptide synthesis.
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