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Zhang ZJ, Hsu YF, Kao CC, Yang JS. One-Pot Synthesis of Bis(arylamino)pentiptycenes by TiCl 4-DABCO Assisted Reductive Amination of Pentiptycene Quinone. Org Lett 2024; 26:3547-3551. [PMID: 38656102 PMCID: PMC11077485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The previously eight-step synthesis of bis(arylamino)pentiptycenes (2) from pentiptycene quinone (1) can now be achieved in a single step with 18-90% yields through TiCl4-DABCO assisted reductive amination with anilines. Both the dual amination of 1 and the in situ reduction of quinone diimines are unprecedented. The π system of 2 can be further expanded, including the formation of bis(diarylamino)pentiptycenes. This work also provides mechanistic insights into the challenges encountered in the dual reductive amination of 1 with other amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National
Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Feng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National
Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chien Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National
Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National
Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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2
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Tan WS, Lee T, Tseng S, Hsu Y, Ebina M, Taketsugu T, Huang S, Yang J. Additive‐dependent iptycene incorporation in polyanilines: Insights into the pentiptycene clipping effect and the polymerization mechanism. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shyang Tan
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Yin Lee
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Ying‐Feng Hsu
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Masanori Ebina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceHokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceHokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI‐ICReDD)Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Jye‐Shane Yang
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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3
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Tan WS, Lee TY, Hsu YF, Huang SJ, Yang JS. Iptycene substitution enhances the electrochemical activity and stability of polyanilines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5470-5473. [PMID: 29749413 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical stability of polyaniline (PANI) films is a key issue for their application as electrode materials. This work demonstrates that a low fraction (<5%) of pentiptycene incorporation of the PANI conjugated backbone could significantly enhance the capacitive performance and charge-discharge cycling stability of PANI films, attributable to the clipping effect of pentiptycene cavities that restricts motional freedom of polymer chains and promotes interchain conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shyang Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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4
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Tseng T, Lu HF, Kao CY, Chiu CW, Chao I, Prabhakar C, Yang JS. Redox-Gated Tristable Molecular Brakes of Geared Rotation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5354-5366. [PMID: 28440080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
p-Bis(arylcarbonyl)pentiptycenes 2 (aryl = 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) and 3 (aryl = mesityl) have been prepared and investigated as redox-gated molecular rotors. For 2, rotations about the pentiptycene-carbonyl bond (the α rotation) and about the aryl-carbonyl bond (the β rotation) are independent, and the rotation barriers are 11.3 and 9.5 kcal mol-1, respectively, at 298 K. In contrast, the α and β rotations in 3 are correlated (geared) in a 2-fold cogwheel pathway between the aryl and the pentiptycene groups with a much lower rotation barrier of 6.5 kcal mol-1 at 298 K in spite of the bulkier aryl groups. Electrochemical reduction of the neutral forms led first to radical anions (2•- and 3•-) and then to a bis(radical anion) for 22- but a dianion for 32-. The redox operations switch the independent α and β rotations in 2 into a geared rotation in both 2•- and 22- and result in a slow-fast-stop rotation mode for 2-2•--22-. The two redox states 3•- and 32- retain the geared α and β rotations and follow a fast-slow-stop mode for 3-3•--32-. Both molecular systems mimic tristable molecular brakes and display 8-9 orders of magnitude difference in rotation rate through the redox switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Feng Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ito Chao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chetti Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology , Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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5
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Tan WS, Chuang PY, Chen CH, Prabhakar C, Huang SJ, Huang SL, Liu YH, Lin YC, Peng SM, Yang JS. Light-gated molecular brakes based on pentiptycene-incorporated azobenzenes. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:989-97. [PMID: 25655505 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Three azobenzene derivatives (2 R, 2 OR, and 2 NR) that differed in their terminal substituent (alkyl, alkyloxy, and dialkylamino, respectively) have been synthesized and investigated as molecular brakes, in which the rigid H-shaped pentiptycene group functioned as a rotor and the dinitrophenyl group as a "brake pad". The E and Z isomers of these compounds corresponded to the "brake-off" and "brake-on" states, respectively. The rotation rate of the rotor was evaluated by VT NMR spectroscopy for the brake-on state and by DFT calculations for the brake-off state. The difference between the rotation rates for the rotor in the two states was as large as eight orders of magnitude at ambient temperature. Photochemical switching of the azobenzene moieties afforded efficiencies of 55-67%. A combination of photochemical E→Z and thermal Z→E isomerization promoted the switching efficiency up to 78%. The terminal substituent affected both the photochemical and thermal switching efficiencies. Solvent polarity also played an important role in the lifetimes of the Z isomers. These azobenzene systems displayed similar braking powers but superior switching efficiencies to the stilbene analogue (1O R; ca. 60% vs 20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shyang Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (Republic of China)
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6
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Tan WS, Prabhakar C, Liu YH, Peng SM, Yang JS. Effects of iptycene scaffolds on the photoluminescence of N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile and its analogues. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:211-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Imazaki Y, Shirakawa E, Ueno R, Hayashi T. Ruthenium-catalyzed transformation of aryl and alkenyl triflates to halides. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14760-3. [PMID: 22916734 DOI: 10.1021/ja307771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl triflates were transformed to aryl bromides/iodides simply by treating them with LiBr/NaI and [Cp*Ru(MeCN)(3)]OTf. The ruthenium complex also catalyzed the transformation of alkenyl sulfonates and phosphates to alkenyl halides under mild conditions. Aryl and alkenyl triflates undergo oxidative addition to a ruthenium(II) complex to form η(1)-arylruthenium and 1-ruthenacyclopropene intermediates, respectively, which are transformed to the corresponding halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Imazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Tan WS, Kao CY, Yang JS. Synthesis of Triptycene and Pentiptycene Halides via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Triflate Precursors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang CH, Prabhakar C, Huang SL, Lin YC, Tan WS, Misra NC, Sun WT, Yang JS. A redox-gated slow-fast-stop molecular rotor. Org Lett 2011; 13:5632-5. [PMID: 21962171 DOI: 10.1021/ol202356t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A pentiptycene-derived p-phenylenediamine mimics a molecular double-rotor system that displays redox-dependent rotation rates for the amino rotors about the pentiptycene-amine C-N bond. The rotation is accelerated in the radical cation state but stopped in the di(radical cation) state. Electronic interplay of the two rotors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
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10
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Kao CY, Hsu YT, Lu HF, Chao I, Huang SL, Lin YC, Sun WT, Yang JS. Toward a Four-Toothed Molecular Bevel Gear with C2-Symmetrical Rotors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5782-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2009017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Hsiu-Feng Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Ito Chao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Wei-Ting Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
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