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Sustainable Protocol for the Synthesis of 2′,3′-Dideoxynucleoside and 2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133993. [PMID: 35807233 PMCID: PMC9268517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved protocol for the transformation of ribonucleosides into 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside and 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside derivatives, including the anti-HIV drugs stavudine (d4T), zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI), was established. The process involves radical deoxygenation of xanthate using environmentally friendly and low-cost reagents. Bromoethane or 3-bromopropanenitrile was the alkylating agent of choice to prepare the ribonucleoside 2′,3′-bisxanthates. In the subsequent radical deoxygenation reaction, tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) were used to replace hazardous Bu3SnH and AIBN, respectively. In addition, TBAF was substituted for camphorsulfonic acid in the deprotection step of the 5′-O-silyl ether group, and an enzyme (adenosine deaminase) was used to transform 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine into 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI) in excellent yield.
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Carnero A, Martín-Nieves V, Sanghvi YS, Russel OO, Bassit L, Schinazi RF, Fernández S, Ferrero M. Novel 1′-homo-N-2′-deoxy-α-nucleosides: synthesis, characterization and biological activity. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15815-15824. [PMID: 34603689 PMCID: PMC8486263 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, a series of novel 1′-homo-N-2′-deoxy-α-nucleosides containing natural nucleobases as well as 5-fluoro and 5-iodopyrimidine analogs have been synthesized in an efficient manner. Additionally, a high yield protocol for the assembly of a dimeric scaffold containing two sugar moieties linked to the N-1 and N-3 positions of a single pyrimidine base has been accomplished. The structures of the novel homonucleosides were established by a single crystal X-ray structure of 1′-homo-N-2′-deoxy-α-adenosine and NMR studies. The biological activity of these 1′-homo-N-2′-deoxy-α-nucleosides as antiviral (HIV-1 and HBV) and cytotoxic studies was measured in multiple cell systems. The unique structure and easy accessibility of these compounds may allow their use in the design of new nucleoside analogs with potential biological activity and as a scaffold for combinatorial chemistry. Novel 1′-homo-N-2′-deoxy-α-nucleosides and dimers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carnero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
| | | | | | - Olivia O. Russel
- Center for AIDS Research
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Emory University School of Medicine
- Atlanta
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Emory University School of Medicine
- Atlanta
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Emory University School of Medicine
- Atlanta
| | - Susana Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Miguel Ferrero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
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3
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Carnero A, Sanghvi YS, Gotor V, Fernández S, Ferrero M. Process Development of Biocatalytic Regioselective 5′-O-Levulinylation of 2′-Deoxynucleosides. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carnero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Yogesh S. Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal
Ridge Road, Encinitas, California 92024-6615, United States
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Ferrero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto
Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Iglesias LE, Lewkowicz ES, Medici R, Bianchi P, Iribarren AM. Biocatalytic approaches applied to the synthesis of nucleoside prodrugs. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:412-34. [PMID: 25795057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosides are valuable bioactive molecules, which display antiviral and antitumour activities. Diverse types of prodrugs are designed to enhance their therapeutic efficacy, however this strategy faces the troublesome selectivity issues of nucleoside chemistry. In this context, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the opportunities provided by biocatalytic procedures in the preparation of nucleoside prodrugs. The potential of biocatalysis in this research area will be presented through examples covering the different types of nucleoside prodrugs: nucleoside analogues as prodrugs, nucleoside lipophilic prodrugs and nucleoside hydrophilic prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth S Lewkowicz
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Medici
- Biocatalysis Group, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M Iribarren
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Química de Ácidos Nucleicos, INGEBI-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Martínez-Montero S, Fernández S, Sanghvi YS, Theodorakis EA, Detorio MA, McBrayer TR, Whitaker T, Schinazi RF, Gotor V, Ferrero M. Synthesis, evaluation of anti-HIV-1 and anti-HCV activity of novel 2',3'-dideoxy-2',2'-difluoro-4'-azanucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6885-93. [PMID: 23085031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',2'-difluoro-4'-azanucleosides of both pyrimidine and purine nucleobases were synthesized in an efficient manner starting from commercially available L-pyroglutamic acid via glycosylation of difluorinated pyrrolidine derivative 15. Several 4'-azanucleosides were prepared as a separable mixture of α- and β-anomers. The 6-chloropurine analogue was obtained as a mixture of N(7) and N(9) regioisomers and their structures were identified based on NOESY and HMBC spectral data. Among the 4'-azanucleosides tested as HIV-1 inhibitors in primary human lymphocytes, four compounds showed modest activity and the 5-fluorouracil analogue (18d) was found to be the most active compound (EC(50)=36.9μM) in this series. None of the compounds synthesized in this study demonstrated anti-HCV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Martínez-Montero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
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6
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Martínez-Montero S, Fernández S, Sanghvi YS, Gotor V, Ferrero M. CAL-B-Catalyzed Acylation of Nucleosides and Role of the Sugar Conformation: An Improved Understanding of the Enzyme-Substrate Recognition. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Martı́nez-Montero S, Fernández S, Sanghvi YS, Chattopadhyaya J, Ganesan M, Ramesh NG, Gotor V, Ferrero M. Design and Divergent Synthesis of Aza Nucleosides from a Chiral Imino Sugar. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4671-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Martı́nez-Montero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica
and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologı́a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo
(Asturias), Spain
- Program of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute
of Cell and
Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susana Fernández
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica
and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologı́a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo
(Asturias), Spain
| | - Yogesh S. Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal Ridge Road, Encinitas, California
92024-6615, United
States
| | - Jyoti Chattopadhyaya
- Program of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute
of Cell and
Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muthupandian Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Namakkal G. Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica
and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologı́a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo
(Asturias), Spain
| | - Miguel Ferrero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica
and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnologı́a de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo
(Asturias), Spain
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Singh SK, Sharma VK, Bohra K, Olsen CE, Prasad AK. Biocatalytic Deacylation Studies on Tetra-O-acyl-β-d-xylofuranosyl Nucleosides: Synthesis of xylo-LNA Monomers. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7556-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201060t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Vivek K. Sharma
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Kapil Bohra
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Carl E. Olsen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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