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Hartwick CJ, Reinheimer EW, MacGillivray LR. A molecular T-pentomino for separating BTEX hydrocarbons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2121. [PMID: 38459047 PMCID: PMC10924097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods to separate molecules (e.g., petrochemicals) are exceedingly important industrially. A common approach for separations is to crystallize a host molecule that either provides an enforced covalent cavity (intrinsic cavity) or packs inefficiently (extrinsic cavity). Here we report a self-assembled molecule with a shape highly biased to completely enclose space and, thereby, pack efficiently yet hosts and allows for the separation of BTEX hydrocarbons (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). The host is held together by N → B bonds and forms a diboron assembly with a shape that conforms to a T-shaped pentomino. A T-pentomino is a polyomino, which is a plane figure that tiles a plane without cavities and holes, and we show the molecule to crystallize into one of six polymorphic structures for T-pentomino tiling. The separations occur at mild conditions while rejecting similarly shaped aromatics such as xylene isomers, thiophene, and styrene. Our observation on the structure and tiling of the molecular T-pentomino allows us to develop a theory on how novel synthetic molecules that mimic the structures and packing of polyominoes can be synthesized and-quite counterintuitively-developed into a system of hosts with cavities used for selective and useful separations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric W Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA
| | - Leonard R MacGillivray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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2
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Cocrystals for photochemical solid-state reactions: An account on crystal engineering perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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3
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Lenihan JM, Mailloux MJ, Beeler AB. Multigram Scale Synthesis of Piperarborenines C-E. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Lenihan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Matthew J. Mailloux
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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4
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Yagci BB, Zorlu Y, Türkmen YE. Template-Directed Photochemical Homodimerization and Heterodimerization Reactions of Cinnamic Acids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13118-13128. [PMID: 34469153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a general method for the selective photochemical homo- and heterodimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives with the use of commercially available 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene as a covalent template. A variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical β-truxinic acids were obtained in high yields and as single diastereomers. The use of a template not only provides the alignment of the two olefins with suitable proximity (<4.2 Å) but also allows the heterodimerization of two different cinnamic acids, leading to unsymmetrical β-truxinic acid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Banu Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Ankara 06800, Turkey.,UNAM, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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5
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Kusukawa T, Mura R, Ooe M, Sumida R, Nakagawa A. Recognition of carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids using 1,8-diphenylnaphthalene-based diguanidine. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Shu Y, Ye K, Yue Y, Sun J, Wang H, Zhong J, Yang X, Gao H, Lu R. Fluorine as a robust balancer for tuning the reactivity of topo-photoreactions of chalcones and the photomechanical effects of molecular crystals. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The higher the number of fluorine atoms, the higher the topological photo-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactivity of chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiqiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ran Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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7
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Amarasekara AS, Ha U. Acid catalyzed aldol condensations of ketones with glyoxylic acid: A simple single-step synthesis of 4-oxo-2,5-heptdienedioic acids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1511998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uyen Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, USA
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8
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Toward the Synthesis of Sceptrin and Benzosceptrin: Solvent Effect in Stereo- and Regioselective [2+2] Photodimerization and Easy Access to the Fully Substituted Benzobutane. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Highly regioselective photodimerization of 1,4-dihydropyridines: An efficient synthesis of novel 3,6-diazatetraasteranes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Structurally Flexible C₃-Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self-Assembly Properties. CHEM REC 2015. [PMID: 26202256 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The bioinspired design and synthesis of building blocks and their assemblies by the supramolecular approach has ever fascinated scientists to utilize such artificial systems for numerous purposes. Flexibility is a basic feature of natural systems. However, in artificial systems this is difficult to control, especially if there is no preorganization of the component(s) of a system. We have designed and synthesized a series of C3 -symmetric N-bridged flexible receptors and successfully utilized them to selectively entrap the notorious and toxic nitrate anion in aqueous medium. This was the first report of highest binding affinity for the nitrate anion in aqueous medium. An impressive self-sorting phenomenon of reversibly formed hydrogen-bonded capsules, which self-assembled from flexible tripodal receptors having branches of similar size and bearing the same amide functionality, has been disclosed. Encapsulated nitrate anion has been further utilized for the photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of strained four-membered ring structures through dynamic self-assembly. In this Personal Account, we summarize these results showing the utility of naturally inspired flexibility in artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh S Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Near Sainik School, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Laird RC, Sinnwell MA, Nguyen NP, Swenson DC, Mariappan SVS, MacGillivray LR. Intramolecular [2 + 2] Photodimerization Achieved in the Solid State via Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly. Org Lett 2015; 17:3233-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Laird
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Michael A. Sinnwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Nam P. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Dale C. Swenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
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Ota M, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Onodera T, Mizushina Y, Kuramochi K, Tsubaki K. Synthesis, Photochemical Properties, and Cytotoxicities of 2H-Naphtho[1,2-b]pyran and Its Photodimers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5687-95. [PMID: 25927340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran, prepared by dimerization of 2-bromo-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and O-methylation, readily undergoes solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization to give a photodimer in excellent yield and with excellent selectivity. Retro [2 + 2] cycloaddition can be achieved by irradiation of a solution of the photodimer in chloroform. Interestingly, the 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran dimerizes with a skeletal rearrangement to afford 2,5-dihydro-1-benzoxepin dimers upon irradiation in methanol or via irradiation with hexamethylditin. Furthermore, treatment of the resulting dimers with triethylamine regenerates the 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran monomer. Significant differences in the color, fluorescence, and cytotoxic properties of the monomer and dimers were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Ota
- †Graduate School for Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- ‡Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- ‡Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takefumi Onodera
- §Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.,∥Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- §Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.,∥Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-8586, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- †Graduate School for Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tsubaki
- †Graduate School for Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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14
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Bibal B, Mongin C, Bassani DM. Template effects and supramolecular control of photoreactions in solution. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4179-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Tamboli MI, Krishnaswamy S, Gonnade RG, Shashidhar MS. Identification of Molecular Crystals Capable of Undergoing an Acyl-Transfer Reaction Based on Intermolecular Interactions in the Crystal Lattice. Chemistry 2013; 19:12867-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Bhattacharya S, Stojaković J, Saha BK, MacGillivray LR. A Product of a Templated Solid-State Photodimerization Acts as a Template: Single-Crystal Reactivity in a Single Polymorph of a Cocrystal. Org Lett 2013; 15:744-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303283s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India, and Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, 305 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jelena Stojaković
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India, and Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, 305 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Binoy K. Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India, and Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, 305 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Leonard R. MacGillivray
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India, and Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, 305 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Recyclable nitrate-templated photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction promoted by a tripodal receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10070-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Double-coupling of dibromo arenes with aryltriolborates for synthesis of diaryl-substituted planar frameworks. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Gurale BP, Krishnaswamy S, Vanka K, Shashidhar MS. Thermal epimerization of inositol 1,3-benzylidene acetals in the molten state. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Thi TH, Matsusaki M, Hirano H, Kawano H, Agari Y, Akashi M. Mechanism of high thermal stability of commercial polyesters and polyethers conjugated with bio-based caffeic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Ghosn MW, Wolf C. Synthesis, Conformational Stability, and Asymmetric Transformation of Atropisomeric 1,8-Bisphenolnaphthalenes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3888-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan W. Ghosn
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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