1
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Tasi DA, Czakó G. Benchmark ab initio characterization of the complex potential energy surfaces of the HOO - + CH 3Y [Y = F, Cl, Br, I] reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16048-16059. [PMID: 38779842 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The α-effect is a well-known phenomenon in organic chemistry, and is related to the enhanced reactivity of nucleophiles involving one or more lone-pair electrons adjacent to the nucleophilic center. The gas-phase bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions of α-nucleophile HOO- with methyl halides have been thoroughly investigated experimentally and theoretically; however, these investigations have mainly focused on identifying and characterizing the α-effect of HOO-. Here, we perform the first comprehensive high-level ab initio mapping for the HOO- + CH3Y [Y = F, Cl, Br and I] reactions utilizing the modern explicitly-correlated CCSD(T)-F12b method with the aug-cc-pVnZ [n = 2-4] basis sets. The present ab initio characterization considers five distinct product channels of SN2: (CH3OOH + Y-), proton abstraction (CH2Y- + H2O2), peroxide ion substitution (CH3OO- + HY), SN2-induced elimination (CH2O + HY + HO-) and SN2-induced rearrangement (CH2(OH)O- + HY). Moreover, besides the traditional back-side attack Walden inversion, the pathways of front-side attack, double inversion and halogen-bond complex formation have also been explored for SN2. With regard to the Walden inversion of HOO- + CH3Cl, the previously unaddressed discrepancies concerning the geometry of the corresponding transition state are clarified. For the HOO- + CH3F reaction, the recently identified SN2-induced elimination is found to be more exothermic than the SN2 channel, submerged by ∼36 kcal mol-1. The accuracy of our high-level ab initio calculations performed in the present study is validated by the fact that our new benchmark 0 K reaction enthalpies show excellent agreement with the experimental data in nearly all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos A Tasi
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Computational Reaction Dynamics Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Czakó
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Computational Reaction Dynamics Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
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2
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Seo WM, Ballesteros M, Tsui EY. Sulfane Decreases the Nucleophilic Reactivity of Zinc Thiolates: Implications for Biological Reactive Sulfur Species. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20630-20640. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.T. Michael Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Moises Ballesteros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Emily Y. Tsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
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3
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Benchoam D, Semelak JA, Cuevasanta E, Mastrogiovanni M, Grassano JS, Ferrer-Sueta G, Zeida A, Trujillo M, Möller MN, Estrin DA, Alvarez B. Acidity and nucleophilic reactivity of glutathione persulfide. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15466-15481. [PMID: 32873707 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persulfides (RSSH/RSS-) participate in sulfur trafficking and metabolic processes, and are proposed to mediate the signaling effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Despite their growing relevance, their chemical properties are poorly understood. Herein, we studied experimentally and computationally the formation, acidity, and nucleophilicity of glutathione persulfide (GSSH/GSS-), the derivative of the abundant cellular thiol glutathione (GSH). We characterized the kinetics and equilibrium of GSSH formation from glutathione disulfide and H2S. A pKa of 5.45 for GSSH was determined, which is 3.49 units below that of GSH. The reactions of GSSH with the physiologically relevant electrophiles peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide, and with the probe monobromobimane, were studied and compared with those of thiols. These reactions occurred through SN2 mechanisms. At neutral pH, GSSH reacted faster than GSH because of increased availability of the anion and, depending on the electrophile, increased reactivity. In addition, GSS- presented higher nucleophilicity with respect to a thiolate with similar basicity. This can be interpreted in terms of the so-called α effect, i.e. the increased reactivity of a nucleophile when the atom adjacent to the nucleophilic atom has high electron density. The magnitude of the α effect correlated with the Brønsted nucleophilic factor, βnuc, for the reactions with thiolates and with the ability of the leaving group. Our study constitutes the first determination of the pKa of a biological persulfide and the first examination of the α effect in sulfur nucleophiles, and sheds light on the chemical basis of the biological properties of persulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Benchoam
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jonathan A Semelak
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Cuevasanta
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad de Bioquímica Analítica, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan S Grassano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías N Möller
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Darío A Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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4
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Necibi F, Salah SB, Roger J, Hierso J, Boubaker T. Ambident electrophilicity of 4‐nitrobenzochalcogenadiazoles: Kinetic studies and structure‐reactivity relationships. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feriel Necibi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11S39)Faculté des SciencesUniversité de Monastir Monastir Tunisia
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR‐CNRS 6302)Faculté des Sciences MirandeUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Saida Ben Salah
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11S39)Faculté des SciencesUniversité de Monastir Monastir Tunisia
| | - Julien Roger
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR‐CNRS 6302)Faculté des Sciences MirandeUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Jean‐Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR‐CNRS 6302)Faculté des Sciences MirandeUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Taoufik Boubaker
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11S39)Faculté des SciencesUniversité de Monastir Monastir Tunisia
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5
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Hamlin TA, Swart M, Bickelhaupt FM. Nucleophilic Substitution (S N 2): Dependence on Nucleophile, Leaving Group, Central Atom, Substituents, and Solvent. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1315-1330. [PMID: 29542853 PMCID: PMC6001448 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction potential energy surface (PES), and thus the mechanism of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN 2), depends profoundly on the nature of the nucleophile and leaving group, but also on the central, electrophilic atom, its substituents, as well as on the medium in which the reaction takes place. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies and demonstrate how changes in any one of the aforementioned factors affect the SN 2 mechanism. One of the most striking effects is the transition from a double-well to a single-well PES when the central atom is changed from a second-period (e. g. carbon) to a higher-period element (e.g, silicon, germanium). Variations in nucleophilicity, leaving group ability, and bulky substituents around a second-row element central atom can then be exploited to change the single-well PES back into a double-well. Reversely, these variations can also be used to produce a single-well PES for second-period elements, for example, a stable pentavalent carbon species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry andAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Swart
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry andAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institut de Química Computacional I Catàlisi and Department de QuímicaUniversitat de Girona17003GironaSpain
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry andAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5−13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5−13, 81377 München, Germany
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7
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Mayer RJ, Tokuyasu T, Mayer P, Gomar J, Sabelle S, Mennucci B, Mayr H, Ofial AR. Solvatation als Ursache für die unerwartete Nucleophilie-Reihung von Peroxid-Anionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Takahiro Tokuyasu
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Jérôme Gomar
- Physics Department; L'Oréal Research & Innovation; Aulnay sous Bois Frankreich
| | - Stéphane Sabelle
- Physics Department; L'Oréal Research & Innovation; Aulnay sous Bois Frankreich
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italien
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Deutschland
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8
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Mayer RJ, Tokuyasu T, Mayer P, Gomar J, Sabelle S, Mennucci B, Mayr H, Ofial AR. Solvation Accounts for the Counterintuitive Nucleophilicity Ordering of Peroxide Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13279-13282. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Takahiro Tokuyasu
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Jérôme Gomar
- Physics Department; L'Oréal Research & Innovation; Aulnay sous Bois France
| | - Stéphane Sabelle
- Physics Department; L'Oréal Research & Innovation; Aulnay sous Bois France
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
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9
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Ben Salah S, Boubaker T, Goumont R. Kinetics and mechanism of phenoxide anions addition to 4-nitrobenzofurazan in aqueous solution. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Second-order rate constants (k1) for the σ-complexation of 4-nitrobenzofurazan 1 with four 4-X-substituted phenoxide anions 2a–2d (X = OCH3, CH3, H and Cl) were measured in aqueous solution at 20 °C. Using this series of phenoxide anions as a reference, the electrophilicity parameter (E) of this electrophile 1 has been evaluated according to Mayr’s approach. With the E value of –9.42, Mayr’s equation was found to correctly predict the rate constants for the reactions of 1 with hydroxide ion in H2O and a 1:1 ratio of H2O to CH3CN. However, the large βnuc value of 1.12 obtained in the present work is clearly consistent with a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ben Salah
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - T. Boubaker
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - R. Goumont
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles, 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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10
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Sahu C, Das AK. Solvolysis of organophosphorus pesticide parathion with simple and $$\upalpha $$ α nucleophiles: a theoretical study. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Um IH, Han JY. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Aryl Diphenylphosphinates with Butane-2,3-dione Monoximate and Aryloxide Anions: Reaction Mechanism and Origin of the α-Effect. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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12
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Um IH, Kim MY, Cho HJ, Dust JM, Buncel E. The α-effect in the SNAr reaction of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzene with anionic nucleophiles: effects of solvation and polarizability on the α-effect. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic study on SNAr reactions of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1a) with various anionic nucleophiles in 80 mol% water – 20 mol% DMSO at 25.0 °C is reported. The Brønsted-type plot for the reaction of 1a with a series of substituted phenoxides and HOO− results in an excellent linear correlation with βnuc = 1.17. However, OH− exhibits dramatic negative deviation from the Brønsted-type plot, while N3−, C6H5S−, and butane-2,3-dione monoximate (Ox−) deviate positively from linearity. HOO− is 680-fold more reactive than OH− but does not exhibit the α-effect. In contrast, Ox− is 166-fold more reactive than isobasic 4-Cl−C6H4O− and exhibits the α-effect. Differential solvation effects have been suggested to be responsible for the α-effect in this study, i.e., Ox− exhibits the α-effect, since it is 5.7 kcal/mol less strongly solvated than 4-Cl−C6H4O− in the reaction medium, while HOO− does not show the α-effect due to a strong requirement for partial desolvation before nucleophilic attack. The highly enhanced reactivity of polarizable N3− and C6H5S− and extremely decreased reactivity of nonpolarizable OH− are in accord with the hard–soft acid and base principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Erwin Buncel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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13
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Moon JH, Kim MY, Han SY, Um IH. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 2,4-Dinitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzenesulfonates and Y-Substituted-Phenyl 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonates with Azide Ion: Regioselectivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - So-Yeop Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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14
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Kim MY, Kim TE, Lee J, Um IH. The α-Effect in Hydrazinolysis of 4-Chloro-2-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates: Effect of Substituent X on Reaction Mechanism and the α-Effect. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Cho HJ, Kim MY, Um IH. The α-Effect in SNAr Reaction of Y-Substituted-Phenoxy-2,4-Dinitrobenzenes with Amines: Reaction Mechanism and Origin of the α-Effect. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Kumar B, Tikariha D, Ghosh KK. Reactivity of N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in cationic micellar media for the cleavage of carboxylate and phosphate esters. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Afzal D, Fountain K. Exploration of the α-effect by substitution on hydroxylamine anions. I. Effects of alkyl- and fluoroalkylation. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many explanations for the α-effect have been suggested. Most are simple models conjecturing various sources affecting the nucleophilic behavior. This paper provides a comprehensive study of electronic effects using the single α-atom lone electron pair of substituted hydroxyl amine anions. This substituent scheme shows that the interaction of this lone pair with the negatively charged oxygen atom is an important indicator of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Afzal
- Chemistry Department, Truman University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - K.R. Fountain
- Chemistry Department, Truman University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
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18
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Um TI, Kim MY, Kim TE, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of 2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates with Primary Amines: Reaction Mechanism and Origin of the α-Effect. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.2.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Os'kina IA. Transesterification Kinetics Investigation of R-Substituted Phenyl Benzoates with 4-Methoxyphenol in the Presence of K2
CO3
in DMF. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Os'kina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
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20
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Hong HJ, Bae AR, Um IH. The α-Effect in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Y-Substituted-Phenyl Diphenylphosphinates with HOO-and OH-. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.8.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Kumar B, Tikariha D, Ghosh KK, Barbero N, Quagliotto P. Kinetic study on effect of novel cationic dimeric surfactants for the cleavage of carboxylate ester. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Govt. Rajmata Vijyaraje Sindhiya Girls College; Kawardha, Distt.-Kabirdham (C.G.) 491995 India
| | - Deepti Tikariha
- School of Studies in Chemistry; Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University; Raipur (C.G.) 492010 India
| | - Kallol K. Ghosh
- School of Studies in Chemistry; Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University; Raipur (C.G.) 492010 India
| | - Nadia Barbero
- University of Torino; Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre of Excellence; Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Pierluigi Quagliotto
- University of Torino; Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre of Excellence; Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
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Bae AR, Lee J, Um IH. Decomposition of Paraoxon and Parathion by Amines, HOO-and OH-Ions: Reaction Mechanism and Origin of the α-Effect. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nigst TA, Antipova A, Mayr H. Nucleophilic Reactivities of Hydrazines and Amines: The Futile Search for the α-Effect in Hydrazine Reactivities. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8142-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Nigst
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
| | - Anna Antipova
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377
München, Germany
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