1
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Zuo X, Cheng C, Zhang Y. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-iodobiphenyls with ortho-chloroacetophenones through dual C–H arylation for the construction of tribenzo[ a, c, f]cyclooctanones. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-iodobiphenyls with ortho-chloroacetophenones has been developed through C–H activation. The reaction provides a straightforward method for the construction of tribenzo[a,c,f]cyclooctanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zuo
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cang Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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2
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Muthukrishnan I, Sridharan V, Menéndez JC. Progress in the Chemistry of Tetrahydroquinolines. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5057-5191. [PMID: 30963764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroquinoline is one of the most important simple nitrogen heterocycles, being widespread in nature and present in a broad variety of pharmacologically active compounds. This Review summarizes the progress achieved in the chemistry of tetrahydroquinolines, with emphasis on their synthesis, during the period from mid-2010 to early 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isravel Muthukrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences , Central University of Jammu , Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) , District-Samba, Jammu 181143 , Jammu and Kashmir , India
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgańica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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3
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Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F. Computational Studies of Synthetically Relevant Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis Involving Ni, Pd, Ir, and Rh: An Overview of Commonly Employed DFT Methods and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Rev 2015. [PMID: 26207572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Study of the intramolecular Heck reaction: synthesis of the bicyclic core of corialstonidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Potukuchi HK, Spork AP, Donohoe TJ. Palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of carbonyls in the de novo synthesis of aromatic heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4367-73. [PMID: 25789887 PMCID: PMC4424829 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic heterocycles are a very well represented motif in natural products and have found various applications in chemistry and material science, as well as being commonly found in pharmaceutical agents. Thus, new and efficient routes towards this class of compound are always desirable, particularly if they expand the scope of chemical methodology or facilitate more effective pathways to complex substitution patterns. This perspective covers recent developments in the de novo synthesis of aromatic heterocycles via palladium-catalysed α-arylation reactions of carbonyls, which is itself a powerful transformation that has undergone significant development in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish K. Potukuchi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Anatol P. Spork
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK .
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6
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Sosa Carrizo ED, Fernández I, Martín SE. Computational Study on the C–Heteroatom Bond Formation via Stille Cross-Coupling Reaction: Differences between Organoheterostannanes Me3SnAsPh2 vs Me3SnPPh2. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501027s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, INFIQC (CONICET−Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra E. Martín
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, INFIQC (CONICET−Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Solé D, Mariani F, Fernández I. Synthesis of Isoquinolin-4-ols by Palladium-Catalysed Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of Aryl Iodides to Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Performance of recent density functionals to discriminate between olefin and nitrogen binding to palladium. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM, Fernández I, Khodabakhshi S. Synthesis of Fused Cyclopentenones through Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of 2-Iodoaryl Allenols. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Solé D, Fernández I. Controlling the ambiphilic nature of σ-arylpalladium intermediates in intramolecular cyclization reactions. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:168-79. [PMID: 23957464 DOI: 10.1021/ar400104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of main group organometallics, such as organolithium compounds (RLi) and Grignard reagents (RMgX), is quite straightforward. In these species the R group usually exhibits nucleophilic reactivity without any possibility of inducing electrophilic character. In contrast, in organopalladium complexes, researchers can switch the reactivity from electrophilic to nucleophilic relatively simply. Although σ-aryl and σ-vinylpalladium complexes are commonly used as electrophiles in C-C bond-forming reactions, recent research has demonstrated that they can also react with carbon-heteroatom multiple bonds in a nucleophilic manner. Nevertheless, researchers have completely ignored the issue of controlling the ambiphilic nature of such species. This Account describes our efforts toward selectively promoting the same starting materials toward either electrophilic α-arylation or nucleophilic addition reactions to different carbonyl groups. We could tune the properties of the σ-arylpalladium intermediates derived from amino-tethered aryl halides and carbonyl compounds to achieve chemoselective transformations. Therefore, chemists can control the ambiphilic nature of such intermediates and, consequently, the competition between the alternative reaction pathways by the adequate selection of the reaction conditions and additives (base, presence/absence of phenol, bidentate phosphines). The nature of the carbonyl group (aldehydes, ketones, esters, and amides) and the length of the tether connecting it to the aniline moiety also play an important role in the outcome of these processes. Our joint computational and experimental efforts to elucidate the reaction mechanism of these palladium-catalyzed transformations suggest that beyond the formation of the four-membered azapalladacycle, two major factors help to control the dual character of the palladium(II) intermediates derived from 2-haloanilines. First, their high nucleophilicity strongly modifies the interaction of the metal center with the carbonyl group. Second, the additive phenol exchanges the iodide ligand to give an arylpalladium(II) phenoxide complex, which has a beneficial effect on the arylation. The formation of this transient intermediate not only stabilizes the arylpalladium moiety, thus preventing the nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl group, but also assists the enolization reaction, which takes place in a more favorable intramolecular manner. The azapalladacycle intermediate is, in the words of J. R. R. Tolkien, "the one ring to bring them all and in the darkness to bind them." With this intermediate, we can easily achieve the synthesis of a variety of heterocyclic systems by selectively promoting electrophilic α-arylation or nucleophilic addition reactions from the same precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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11
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Arrate M, Durana A, Lorenzo P, de Lera ÁR, Álvarez R, Aurrecoechea JM. Catalyst- and Solvent-Dependent Stereodivergence in the Intramolecular Et2Zn/Pd0-Promoted Carbonyl Propargylation: Mechanistic Implications. Chemistry 2013; 19:13893-900. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Solé D, Mariani F. Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,e]azepin-11-ones by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation of Aryliodides with Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8136-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4009244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat
de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Mariani
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat
de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Solé D, Mariani F, Fernández I, Sierra MA. Intramolecular Pd(0)-Catalyzed Reactions of (2-Iodoanilino)-aldehydes: A Joint Experimental–Computational Study. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10272-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química
Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina
(IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Francesco Mariani
- Laboratori de Química
Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina
(IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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14
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Flores-Gaspar A, Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Martin R. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Dichotomy in Pd-Catalyzed Acylation of Aryl Chlorides via C–H Bond Functionalization. Org Lett 2012; 14:5234-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3023819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Areli Flores-Gaspar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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15
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Solé D, Fernández I, Sierra MA. Control over the Chemoselectivity of Pd-Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of (2-Iodoanilino)carbonyl Compounds. Chemistry 2012; 18:6950-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Krenske EH, Davison EC, Forbes IT, Warner JA, Smith AL, Holmes AB, Houk KN. Reverse cope elimination of hydroxylamines and alkenes or alkynes: theoretical investigation of tether length and substituent effects. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2434-41. [PMID: 22280245 DOI: 10.1021/ja211568k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical calculations have been used to study the intramolecular additions of hydroxylamines to alkenes and alkynes ("reverse Cope eliminations"). In intermolecular reverse Cope eliminations, alkynes are more reactive than alkenes. However, competition experiments have shown that tethering the hydroxylamine to the alkene or alkyne can reverse the reactivity order from that normally observed. The exact outcome depends on the length of the tether. In agreement with experiment, a range of density functional theory methods and CBS-QB3 calculations predict that the activation energies for intramolecular reverse Cope eliminations follow the order 6-exo-dig < 5-exo-trig < 5-exo-dig ≈ 7-exo-dig. The order of the barriers for the 5-, 6-, and 7-exo-dig reactions of alkynes arises mainly from differences in tether strain in the transition states (TSs), but is also influenced by the TS interaction between the hydroxylamine and alkyne. Cyclization onto an alkene in the 5-exo-trig fashion incurs slightly less tether strain than a 6-exo-dig alkyne cyclization, but its activation energy is higher because the hydroxylamine fragment must distort more before the TS is reached. If the alkene terminus is substituted with two methyl groups, the barrier becomes so much higher that it is also disfavored compared to the 5- and 7-exo-dig cyclizations.
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López-Alberca MP, Fernández I, Mancheño MJ, Gómez-Gallego M, Casarrubios L, Sierra MA. Insight into the Mechanism of Quinoline Formation by the Chromium(0) Fischer Carbene Catalytic Transmetallation to Palladium and Rhodium: Application to the Synthesis of the Alkaloids of Ruta chalepensis. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Solé D, Bennasar ML, Jiménez I. Intramolecular palladium-catalysed enolate arylation of 2- and 3-iodoindole derivatives for the synthesis of β-carbolines, γ-carbolines, and pyrrolo[3,4-b]indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4535-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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