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Hatsumura S, Hashimoto Y, Hosokawa S, Nagao A, Eda K, Harada H, Ishitsuka K, Okazoe T, Tsuda A. Reactivity and Product Selectivity of Fluoroalkyl Carbonates in Substitution Reactions with Primary Alcohols and Amines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11572-11582. [PMID: 35981240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a systematic investigation of the substitution reactions of a series of symmetric and unsymmetric fluoroalkyl carbonates with primary alcohols or amines. The reactivity of the haloalkyl carbonate depends mainly on the electrophilicity and steric crowdedness of the carbonyl group and the leaving ability of the haloalkyl alcohols. Diethyl carbonate as a reference substrate showed no reaction with the alcohol or amine. However, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate [(F3-EtO)2CO] having electron-withdrawing trifluoroethyl groups enabled substitution reactions, with relatively higher reactivities to those for diphenyl carbonate [(PhO)2CO]. Furthermore, (F6-iPrO)2CO, bearing two sets of hexafluoroisopropyl groups, showed dramatic acceleration of the reactions, in which the observed reactivities were similar to those for bis(perfluorophenyl) carbonate [(F5-PhO)2CO]. The electrophilicity of the carbonyl group and the leaving ability of the alcohols in the series of haloalkyl carbonates were found to be correlated with the wavenumbers of their carbonyl groups in IR spectra and pKa for the eliminated alcohols, respectively. Since the eliminated fluoroalkyl alcohols exhibit weak affinity with the organic products and have lower boiling points owing to a characteristic property of the fluoroalkyl group, they could be readily removed from the product by simple evaporation below 100 °C with or without reduced pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Hatsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sasuga Hosokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nagao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Eda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Harada
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, AGC Inc, 1-1 Suehiro-cho Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kei Ishitsuka
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, AGC Inc, 1-1 Suehiro-cho Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC Inc, 1-1 Suehiro-cho Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Duan X, Yang K, Liu J, Kong X, Liang J, Zhou D, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Liu N, Feng S, Gu G, Lu J, Song N, Zhang D, Ma J. An Unexpected Potassium Iodide-Promoted Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction between 2-Acyloxy-2H-azirines and Carboxylic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Dongju Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxiao Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Guangna Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Nazi Song
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
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Bhakhoa H, Rhyman L, Lee EPF, Ramasami P, Dyke JM. Can Cyclen Bind Alkali Metal Azides? A DFT Study as a Precursor to Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:4469-82. [PMID: 26880648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Can cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) bind alkali metal azides? This question is addressed by studying the geometric and electronic structures of the alkali metal azide-cyclen [M(cyclen)N3] complexes using density functional theory (DFT). The effects of adding a second cyclen ring to form the sandwich alkali metal azide-cyclen [M(cyclen)2N3] complexes are also investigated. N3(-) is found to bind to a M(+) (cyclen) template to give both end-on and side-on structures. In the end-on structures, the terminal nitrogen atom of the azide group (N1) bonds to the metal as well as to a hydrogen atom of the cyclen ring through a hydrogen bond in an end-on configuration to the cyclen ring. In the side-on structures, the N3 unit is bonded (in a side-on configuration to the cyclen ring) to the metal through the terminal nitrogen atom of the azide group (N1), and through the other terminal nitrogen atom (N3) of the azide group by a hydrogen bond to a hydrogen atom of the cyclen ring. For all the alkali metals, the N3-side-on structure is lowest in energy. Addition of a second cyclen unit to [M(cyclen)N3] to form the sandwich compounds [M(cyclen)2N3] causes the bond strength between the metal and the N3 unit to decrease. It is hoped that this computational study will be a precursor to the synthesis and experimental study of these new macrocyclic compounds; structural parameters and infrared spectra were computed, which will assist future experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanusha Bhakhoa
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius
| | - Lydia Rhyman
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius
| | - Edmond P F Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - John M Dyke
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Yamamoto H, Ohkubo K, Akimoto S, Fukuzumi S, Tsuda A. Control of reaction pathways in the photochemical reaction of a quinone with tetramethylethylene by metal binding. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7004-17. [PMID: 24947667 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a novel supramolecular photochemical reaction that focuses on the direct electronic interactions between a host reaction substrate and guest metal salts. The reaction pathways in the photochemical reactions of quinone derivatives bearing a methoxy group and a long oligoether sidearm QEn (n = 0 and 3) with tetramethylethylene (TME) are changed upon noncovalent complexations of the host reactant with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions and a transition metal salt. The photochemical reaction of QEn with TME provides a mixture of [2 + 2] cycloadducts 1aEn and 1bEn, hydroquinone H2QEn, and monoallyl ether adducts of hydroquinones 2aEn and 2bEn. The photochemical reaction proceeds by the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism, where photoirradiation brings about formation of a radical ion pair [QEn˙(-), TME˙(+)] as the primary intermediate. We found that the yields and selectivity of these photoproducts are changed upon electronic interactions of QEn˙(-) with the metal salts. The photochemical reaction in the absence of metal salts provides H2QEn as its major product, whereas QE3, having the long sidearm, dominantly produces 2aE3 at the expense of 1aE3, 1bE3, and H2QE3 when it forms a size-favorable host-guest complex with divalent Ca(2+). In contrast, QEn selectively provides oxetanes 1aEn and 1bEn in the presence of Pd(OAc)2, which can form complexes with the quinone through metal-olefin and coordination interactions in the ground and photoexcited states of the quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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