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Kim A, Ngamnithiporn A, Du E, Stoltz BM. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (2002-2020). Chem Rev 2023; 123:9447-9496. [PMID: 37429001 PMCID: PMC10416225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) natural products constitute one of the largest families of alkaloids and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activity. Ranging from simple THIQ natural products to complex trisTHIQ alkaloids such as the ecteinascidins, the chemical syntheses of these alkaloids and their analogs have been thoroughly investigated due to their intricate structural features and functionalities, as well as their high therapeutic potential. This review describes the general structure and biosynthesis of each family of THIQ alkaloids as well as recent advancements of the total synthesis of these natural products from 2002 to 2020. Recent chemical syntheses that have emerged harnessing novel, creative synthetic design, and modern chemical methodology will be highlighted. This review will hopefully serve as a guide for the unique strategies and tools used in the total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids, as well as address the longstanding challenges in their chemical and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia
N. Kim
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, 54 Kamphaeng
Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Emily Du
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Qi WY, Fang SL, Xu XT, Zhang K, Shi BF. Asymmetric formal synthesis of (−)-tetrazomine. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric formal synthesis of (−)-tetrazomine, a structurally unique member of the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Qi
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute(Jiangmen)
| | - Sheng-Long Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- 310027 China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute(Jiangmen)
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute(Jiangmen)
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- 310027 China
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3
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Abstract
A scalable and unified strategy is described for the synthesis of (-)-quinocarcin, an important tetrahydroisoquinoline antitumor alkaloid. The strategy allows the practical formal synthesis of (-)-quinocarcin in 13 steps and 4.8% overall yield using N-phthaloyl-l-alanine as a chiral pool. It features the gram-scale and stereoselective synthesis of the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety (AB ring) via Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation and Pictet-Spengler condensation and a Cu(I)-catalyzed exo-selective [C + NC + CC] coupling reaction to generate the chiral pyrrolidine motif (D ring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Long Fang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Meng-Xue Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen) , Jiangmen 529040 , China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yong-Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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4
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Li J, Ye Y, Zhang Y. Cycloaddition/annulation strategies for the construction of multisubstituted pyrrolidines and their applications in natural product synthesis. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolidines are privileged substructures of numerous bioactive natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yilin Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
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5
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Schulte A, Saito S, Wünsch B. Stereoselective Synthesis ofcis,cis-Configured Vicinal Triamines. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Lykke L, Carlsen BD, Rambo RS, Jørgensen KA. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 4-nitropyrazolidines: an access to optically active 1,2,3-triamines. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11296-9. [PMID: 25072940 DOI: 10.1021/ja506694v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 4-nitropyrazolidines is presented. Asymmetric hydrogen-bonding activation of nitro-olefins facilitated the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with hydrazones, affording optically active 4-nitropyrazolidines containing three continuous stereogenic centers as a single diastereomer in up to 99% ee. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the optically active 4-nitropyrazolidines can be applied as precursors for the synthesis of highly interesting 1,2,3-triamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Lykke
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Joseph R, Murray C, Garner P. Catalytic asymmetric exo-selective [C+NC+CC] reaction. Org Lett 2014; 16:1550-3. [PMID: 24601876 DOI: 10.1021/ol500474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic asymmetric version of the exo-selective [C+NC+CC] reaction is reported. This multicomponent reaction utilizes a readily prepared achiral glycyl sultam as the "NC" component and commercially available catalyst components. The method can be applied to a variety of aldehydes ("C" component) and activated alkenes ("CC" component) to provide substituted pyrrolidines in good yields and high enantioselectivities. Of particular note is the ability to employ labile enolizable aldehydes (e.g., acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde) in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
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8
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Majumdar KC, Sinha B. Coinage metals (Cu, Ag and Au) in the synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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9
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Liu H, Sun Q, Zhou Z, Liu J, Yang J, Wang C. One-pot synthesis of polysubstituted 2-piperidinones from aromatic aldehydes, nitromethane, ammonium acetate, and dialkyl malonates. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Synthetic Studies on Potent Marine Drugs: Synthesis and the Crystal Structure of 6-tert-butyl-4-phenyl-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic Acid. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
4H-Chromene-2-carboxylic acid ester derivatives of renieramycin M might be of use for the structural-activity relationship studies of antitumor antibiotic tetrahydroisoquinoline natural products. Accordingly, 6-tert-butyl-4-phenyl-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid, one key intermediate, was synthesized via the condensation of (3E)-2-oxo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate methyl ester with 4-tert-butylphenol in the presence of AuCl3/3AgOTf (5 mol%), followed by cyclodehydration and aqueous hydrolysis. The product was unambiguously shown to the 4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis. A packing diagram of the crystal structure shows that aromaticπ-stacking interactions and O–H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilize the structure in the solid.
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Abstract
An increasing number of synthetic organic chemists are embracing the philosophy of efficiency. Herein we highlight multi-bond forming processes, which form two or more new covalent bonds in a single synthetic operation. Such processes, which have the ability to rapidly increase structural complexity, are preeminent in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. In this short review we classify, analyse, and contrast contemporary multi-bond forming processes, frame these cutting edge contributions within a historical context, and speculate on likely future developments in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pellissier
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7313 Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille Equipe Chirosciences, Case 561, Campus Saint Jérôme Avenue Esc. Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Magedov IV, Kornienko A. MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS IN ALKALOID-BASED DRUG DISCOVERY. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012; 48:33-38. [PMID: 27917001 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-0965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions are emerging as a powerful tool in alkaloid-based drug discovery. This Highlight describes several recent (all published in 2011) examples of the employment of multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of biologically active alkaloids and their medicinally relevant analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Magedov
- New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | - A Kornienko
- New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
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15
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Garner P, Weerasinghe L, Youngs WJ, Wright B, Wilson D, Jacobs D. [C+NC+CC] Coupling-Enabled Synthesis of Influenza Neuramidase Inhibitor A-315675. Org Lett 2012; 14:1326-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3002128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Garner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laksiri Weerasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wiley J. Youngs
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dean Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dylan Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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A. Ciufolini M, Dylan Turner C. Useful Building Blocks for the Stereocontrolled Assembly of 2,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrrolidines. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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