1
|
Merski I, Yin J, VanderLinden RT, Rainier JD. The Role of N-Substitution in Regio- and Stereoselective Vinylogous Imidonaphthoquinone (VINAquinone) [2 + 2] Photocycloadditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:4921-4925. [PMID: 38814707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Described in this manuscript are intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloadditions of readily available vinylogous imidonaphthoquinones whose regio- and diastereoselectivity is dependent on the substitution on the vinylogous imide. When exposed to 419 nm light, 2° vinylogous imidonaphthoquinones give novel bridged tetracyclic aza-anthraquinones from a rare crossed [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. In contrast, exposure of the corresponding 3° substrates to white light leads to linear adducts. Also outlined here are auxiliary controlled diastereoselective reactions and cyclobutane fragmentations as a means of generating the spirofused γ-lactam moiety present in the ansalactam family of natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Merski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Jinya Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Ryan T VanderLinden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Jon D Rainier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harvey FM, Heidecker AH, Merten C, Bach T. Diastereoselective, Lewis acid-mediated Diels-Alder reactions of allenoic acid derivatives and 1,3-cyclopentadienes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4422-4428. [PMID: 37184215 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Allenes with different substituents at their terminal carbon atom display axial chirality and can be obtained in enantiopure form by a photochemical deracemization protocol. It has now been studied under which conditions allenoic acid derivatives undergo a Diels-Alder reaction with 1,3-cyclopentadienes and which products result. Cyclic derivatives (lactams, lactones) underwent an exo-selective reaction catalyzed by the Lewis acid Eu(fod)3, while acyclic derivatives yielded with high preference the endo-products (EtAlCl2 as the preferred Lewis acid). The exocyclic double bond forms with exquisite diastereoselectivity and the chirality transfer is close to perfect. The method was applied to the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes β-santalol (1) and 10(E)-β-santalic acid (13).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya M Harvey
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexandra H Heidecker
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Merten
- Organische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xin Y, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M, Álvarez-Larena A, Busqué F, Alibés R. Intramolecular Photocycloaddition of 2(5 H)-Furanones to Temporarily Tethered Terminal Alkenes as a Stereoselective Source of Enantiomerically Pure Polyfunctionalyzed Cyclobutanes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3188-3199. [PMID: 29461058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allyloxymethyloxymethyl and 4-pentenoyloxymethyl substituents have been used as tethering groups to study the intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of chiral 5-substituted 2(5 H)-furanones. The photoreactions proceed in good yield and provide the expected regio- and diastereoselective tricyclic compounds with complementary regioselectivity, which depends on whether the vinyl chain is attached to the furanone by an acetal or an ester linkage. Computational simulations agree with experimental observations and indicate that the origin of the different observed regioselectivity in the intramolecular photochemical reaction of lactones 5 and 6 arises from the relative stability of the initial conformers. The synthetic potential of the enantiomerically pure photoadducts is illustrated by preparing an all- cis 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclobutane bearing fully orthogonally protected hydroxyl groups.
Collapse
|
4
|
Annulation of five-membered cyclic enols with 3-aryl-2 H -azirines: Catalytic versus non-catalytic cycloaddition. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Zhao J, Brosmer JL, Tang Q, Yang Z, Houk KN, Diaconescu PL, Kwon O. Intramolecular Crossed [2+2] Photocycloaddition through Visible Light-Induced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9807-9810. [PMID: 28683547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the intramolecular [2+2] cycloadditions of dienones promoted through sensitization, using a polypyridyl iridium(III) catalyst, to form bridged cyclobutanes. In contrast to previous examples of straight [2+2] cycloadditions, these efficient crossed additions were achieved under irradiation with visible light. The reactions delivered desired bridged benzobicycloheptanone products with excellent regioselectivity in high yields (up to 96%). This process is superior to previous syntheses of benzobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanones, which are readily converted to B-norbenzomorphan analogues of biological significance. Electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic studies substantiated the mechanism of triplet energy transfer and explained the unusual regiocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jonathan L Brosmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Qingxuan Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Y, Wen Y, Dang Z, Yu H. Mechanistic Investigation of Visible-Light-Induced Intermolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Catalyzed with Chiral Thioxanthone. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4552-4559. [PMID: 28553979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent thioxanthone-sensitizer-catalyzed intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition induced by visible-light irradiation set the stage for the future development of feasible photocycloadditions. Nonetheless, the mechanism of this reaction still remains under debate, especially on the activation mode of the thioxanthone photosensitizer (energy transfer, bielectron exchange, and hydrogen transfer are all possible mechanisms). To settle this issue, systematic density functional theory calculations have been carried out. The results indicate that the energy-transfer pathway is more favorable than the bielectron-exchange and the hydrogen-transfer pathways. Meanwhile, the overall transformations involve the complexation and excitation of photosensitizer, the first C-C bond formation, the dissociation of the sensitizer, the triplet-to-singlet electronic state crossing, and the second C-C bond formation. The first C-C bond formation is the rate- and selectivity-determining step, and synergistic energy and electron transfer from photosensitizer to substrate moieties takes place along this process. On this basis, the effect of olefin substrates (ethyl vinyl ketone vs vinyl acetate) on the stereoselectivity was finally analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, PR China.,Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University , Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhimin Dang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Power System and Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University , Hefei 230601, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han YP, Song XR, Qiu YF, Li XS, Zhang HR, Zhu XY, Liu XY, Liang YM. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclization of Propargylic Alcohols with 2-Vinylphenol. Org Lett 2016; 18:3866-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-Rong Song
- Jiangxi
Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yi-Feng Qiu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Heng-Rui Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An efficient synthetic approach towards fully functionalized tetronic acids: the use of 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-diones as novel protected-activated synthons of α-hydroxy acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Chopin N, Yanai H, Iikawa S, Pilet G, Bouillon JP, Médebielle M. A Rapid Entry to Diverse γ-Ylidenetetronate Derivatives through Regioselective Bromination of Tetronic Acid Derived γ-Lactones and Metal-Catalyzed Postfunctionalization. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Gaines TW, Nakano T, Chujo Y, Trigg EB, Winey KI, Wagener KB. Precise Sulfite Functionalization of Polyolefins via ADMET Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:624-627. [PMID: 35596404 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers containing sulfite functionalities precisely placed between run lengths of 8, 14, and 20 methylene units were synthesized via ADMET with weight-average molecular weights up to 40 500 g/mol (PDI = 1.89). No such polymer structures have been observed previously. The primary polymer structures and precise nature were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Thermal degradation temperatures up to 310 °C were observed through TGA, and melting points typical of similar unsaturated ADMET polymers were determined by DSC. X-ray scattering was used to compare the polymers to ADMET polyethylene (PE), and when the polymers have 20 carbons between sulfites, the functional groups self-assemble into layers. Higher carbon content incorporation leads to an increase in crystallinity and thermal stability for these polysulfites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Gaines
- Butler
Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Tatsuya Nakano
- Butler
Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Edward B. Trigg
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- Butler
Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Townsend SD, Sulikowski GA. Progress toward the Total Synthesis of Bielschowskysin. Org Lett 2013; 15:5096-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402379m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Regioselective bromination of tetronic acid-derived γ-lactones and metal-catalyzed post-functionalization: an efficient access to new γ-ylidenetetronate derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Fort DA, Woltering TJ, Nettekoven M, Knust H, Bach T. Synthesis of Fluorinated Tricyclic Scaffolds by Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10169-72. [PMID: 22962009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Fort
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fort DA, Woltering TJ, Nettekoven M, Knust H, Bach T. Synthesis of Fluorinated Tricyclic Scaffolds by Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Lu P, Herdtweck E, Bach T. Intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions as an entry to the 2-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.0(4,9)]nonan-3-one skeleton of lactiflorin. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1947-58. [PMID: 22653868 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two [2+2] photocycloaddition routes were evaluated as possible ways to access the tricyclic core structure found in the terpene monoglycoside lactiflorin. While the first route via γ-substituted cyclopentenones was quickly discarded, the reactions of racemic (5R*)-3-benzyloxy-5-but-3'-enyl-4-methoxycarbonylfuran-2(5H)-ones proceeded in high yields and with perfect diastereoselectivity. However, it turned out that the regioselectivity was strongly dependent on the substitution pattern within the but-3'-enyl chain, which connects the terminal olefinic double bond to the photoexcited butenolide chromophor. If the chain was unsubstituted or if a tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy group was placed at the 2' position in a syn-relationship to the existing stereogenic center (5R*,2'S*), the crossed product prevailed with regioselectivities of 89:11 to 69:31. If the tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy group was positioned at 2' in an anti-relationship to the existing stereogenic center (5R*,2'R*), the desired straight products were obtained in regioselectivities of 74:24 to 55:45 (61-83% yield). Following this route, the aglycon part of lactiflorin was obtained by an intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition and a subsequent hydrogenolysis in 53% yield. Its further conversion into the natural product after glycosylation included a methyl addition to the lactone carbonyl group, which was optimized to give the desired key intermediate in a yield of 70%. The further conversion to lactiflorin was achieved in four steps and with an overall yield of 49%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu P, Bach T. Totalsynthese von (+)-Lactiflorin durch intramolekulare [2+2]-Photocycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
18
|
Lu P, Bach T. Total synthesis of (+)-lactiflorin by an intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1261-4. [PMID: 22190295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|