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Ramiro JL, Martínez-Caballero S, Neo AG, Díaz J, Marcos CF. The Castagnoli–Cushman Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062654. [PMID: 36985626 PMCID: PMC10058692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first reports of the reaction of imines and cyclic anhydrides by Castagnoli and Cushman, this procedure has been applied to the synthesis of a variety of lactams, some of them with important synthetic or biological interest. The scope of the reaction has been extended to the use of various Schiff bases and anhydrides as well as to different types of precursors for these reagents. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the mechanism of the reaction, which has historically been quite controversial. This has helped to develop reaction conditions that lead to pure diastereomers and even homochiral products. In addition, these mechanistic studies have also led to the development of new multicomponent versions of the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction that allow products with more diverse and complex molecular structures to be easily obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ramiro
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Caballero
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y las Matemáticas, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana G. Neo
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos F. Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
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2
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Howard SY, Di Maso MJ, Shimabukuro K, Burlow NP, Tan DQ, Fettinger JC, Malig TC, Hein JE, Shaw JT. Mechanistic Investigation of Castagnoli-Cushman Multicomponent Reactions Leading to a Three-Component Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11599-11607. [PMID: 34351161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the three- and four-component variants of the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction (CCR) have been investigated. A series of crossover experiments were conducted to probe the structure and reactivity of known amide-acid intermediates for the three- and four-component variants of the CCR (3CR and 4CR, respectively). Control experiments paired with in situ reaction monitoring with infrared spectroscopy for the 4CR align with a mechanism in which amide-acids derived from maleic anhydride can reversibly form free amine and cyclic anhydride. Although this equilibrium is unfavorable, the aldehyde present can trap the primary amine through imine formation and react with the enol form of the anhydride through a Mannich-like mechanism. This detailed mechanistic investigation coupled with additional crossover experiments supports an analogous mechanism for the 3CR and has led to the elucidation of new 3CR conditions with homophthalic anhydride, amines, and aldehydes for the formation of dihydroisoquinolones in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. This work represents the culmination of more than a decade of mechanistic speculation for the 3- and 4CR, enabling the design of new multicomponent reactions that exploit this novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael J Di Maso
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kristin Shimabukuro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Noah P Burlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darlene Q Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas C Malig
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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3
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Laws SW, Moore LC, Di Maso MJ, Nguyen QNN, Tantillo DJ, Shaw JT. Diastereoselective Base-Catalyzed Formal [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of N-Sulfonyl Imines and Cyclic Anhydrides. Org Lett 2017; 19:2466-2469. [PMID: 28474515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A diastereoselective base-catalyzed Mannich reaction of cyclic, enolizable anhydrides and N-sulfonyl imines for the synthesis of δ-lactams is reported. This anhydride Mannich reaction tolerates imines derived from aryl and enolizable aldehydes. A base-catalyzed product epimerization pathway ensures high anti diastereoselectivity in aryl and achiral enolizable imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Laws
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lucas C Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael J Di Maso
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Q Nhu N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Chizhova M, Bakulina O, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. New Dicarboxylic Acid Anhydride for Ambient-Temperature Castagnoli-Cushman Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chizhova
- Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
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5
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Krasavin M, Dar’in D. Current diversity of cyclic anhydrides for the Castagnoli–Cushman-type formal cycloaddition reactions: prospects and challenges. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Magpusao AN, Rutledge K, Hamlin TA, Lawrence J, Mercado BQ, Leadbeater NE, Peczuh MW. Rules of Macrocycle Topology: A [13]‐Macrodilactone Case Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:6001-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anniefer N. Magpusao
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Kelli Rutledge
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry VU University Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jean‐Marc Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Nicholas E. Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Mark W. Peczuh
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060 Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
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7
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Kennedy N, Liu P, Cohen T. Fundamental Difference in Reductive Lithiations with Preformed Radical Anions versus Catalytic Aromatic Electron-Transfer Agents: N, N-Dimethylaniline as an Advantageous Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Kennedy N, Liu P, Cohen T. Fundamental Difference in Reductive Lithiations with Preformed Radical Anions versus Catalytic Aromatic Electron-Transfer Agents: N
,N-
Dimethylaniline as an Advantageous Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:383-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Kennedy N, Lu G, Liu P, Cohen T. Reductive Lithiation in the Absence of Aromatic Electron Carriers. A Steric Effect Manifested on the Surface of Lithium Metal Leads to a Difference in Relative Reactivity Depending on Whether the Aromatic Electron Carrier Is Present or Absent. J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Theodore Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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10
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Dar’in D, Bakulina O, Chizhova M, Krasavin M. New Heterocyclic Product Space for the Castagnoli–Cushman Three-Component Reaction. Org Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dar’in
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Chizhova
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russian Federation
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11
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Cunha S, Santos AO, Menezes Correia JT, Sabino JR. Formal aza-[3+3] versus aza-[3+2] cycloadditions of heterocyclic enaminones with maleic anhydride and maleimides: skeletally diverse synthesis of pyrrolizidinones, indolizidinones, and pyrroloazepinones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Ryabukhin SV, Panov DM, Granat DS, Ostapchuk EN, Kryvoruchko DV, Grygorenko OO. Toward lead-oriented synthesis: one-pot version of Castagnoli condensation with nonactivated alicyclic anhydrides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:146-53. [PMID: 24479637 DOI: 10.1021/co4001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One-pot variation of Castagnoli condensation, that is, reaction of cyclic anhydrides, amines, and aldehydes, has been developed as a combinatorial approach to 1,2-disubstituted 5-oxopyrrolidine- and 6-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acids, as well as their benzo-analogues. Utility of the method to multigram preparation of building blocks and synthetic intermediates was also demonstrated. The final products are obtained in high yields and diastereoselectivity. The method fits well in the concept of lead-oriented synthesis; in particular, it can be used for the design of lead-like compound libraries, even if the strictest cut-offs are applied to the physicochemical properties of their members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkov Street 4, Kyiv 03187, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Panov
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine, Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry S. Granat
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine, Ltd., Alexandra Matrosova Street 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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13
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Sardella R, Ianni F, Lisanti A, Scorzoni S, Marini F, Sternativo S, Natalini B. Direct chromatographic enantioresolution of fully constrained β-amino acids: exploring the use of high-molecular weight chiral selectors. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1235-42. [PMID: 24500113 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge enantioselective chromatographic protocols on β-amino acids with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have not yet appeared in the literature. Therefore, the primary objective of this work was the development of chromatographic methods based on the use of an amylose derivative CSP (Lux Amylose-2), enabling the direct normal-phase (NP) enantioresolution of four fully constrained β-amino acids. Also, the results obtained with the glycopeptide-type Chirobiotic T column employed in the usual polar-ionic (PI) mode of elution are compared with those achieved with the polysaccharide-based phase. The Lux Amylose-2 column, in combination with alkyl sulfonic acid containing NP eluent systems, prevailed over the Chirobiotic T one, when used under the PI mode of elution, and hence can be considered as the elective choice for the enantioseparation of this class of rigid β-amino acids. Moreover, the extraordinarily high α (up to 4.60) and R S (up to 10.60) values provided by the polysaccharidic polymer, especially when used with camphor sulfonic acid containing eluent systems, make it also suitable for preparative-scale enantioisolations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roccaldo Sardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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Patra P, Kar GK. Studies on the Suzuki reaction on methyl 1-(2-bromoaryl)-5-oxo-3-aryl/heteroaryl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylate derivatives: synthesis of N-aryl modified monocyclic γ-lactam derivatives in search for newer antibacterial agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Organocatalytic Michael addition of indanone carboxylates to vinyl selenone for the asymmetric synthesis of polycyclic pyrrolidines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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