1
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Brown T, Nguyen T, Zhou B, Zheng YG. Chemical probes and methods for the study of protein arginine methylation. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:647-669. [PMID: 37654509 PMCID: PMC10467615 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a widespread post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells. This chemical modification in proteins functionally modulates diverse cellular processes from signal transduction, gene expression, and DNA damage repair to RNA splicing. The chemistry of arginine methylation entails the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet, SAM) onto a guanidino nitrogen atom of an arginine residue of a target protein. This reaction is catalyzed by about 10 members of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). With impacts on a variety of cellular processes, aberrant expression and activity of PRMTs have been shown in many disease conditions. Particularly in oncology, PRMTs are commonly overexpressed in many cancerous tissues and positively correlated with tumor initiation, development and progression. As such, targeting PRMTs is increasingly recognized as an appealing therapeutic strategy for new drug discovery. In the past decade, a great deal of research efforts has been invested in illuminating PRMT functions in diseases and developing chemical probes for the mechanistic study of PRMTs in biological systems. In this review, we provide a brief developmental history of arginine methylation along with some key updates in arginine methylation research, with a particular emphasis on the chemical aspects of arginine methylation. We highlight the research endeavors for the development and application of chemical approaches and chemical tools for the study of functions of PRMTs and arginine methylation in regulating biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA +1-(706) 542-5358 +1-(706) 542-0277
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2
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DNA Labeling Using DNA Methyltransferases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:535-562. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Sun A, Gasser C, Li F, Chen H, Mair S, Krasheninina O, Micura R, Ren A. SAM-VI riboswitch structure and signature for ligand discrimination. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5728. [PMID: 31844059 PMCID: PMC6914780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboswitches are metabolite-sensing, conserved domains located in non-coding regions of mRNA that are central to regulation of gene expression. Here we report the first three-dimensional structure of the recently discovered S-adenosyl-L-methionine responsive SAM-VI riboswitch. SAM-VI adopts a unique fold and ligand pocket that are distinct from all other known SAM riboswitch classes. The ligand binds to the junctional region with its adenine tightly intercalated and Hoogsteen base-paired. Furthermore, we reveal the ligand discrimination mode of SAM-VI by additional X-ray structures of this riboswitch bound to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and a synthetic ligand mimic, in combination with isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy to explore binding thermodynamics and kinetics. The structure is further evaluated by analysis of ligand binding to SAM-VI mutants. It thus provides a thorough basis for developing synthetic SAM cofactors for applications in chemical and synthetic RNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Sun
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Catherina Gasser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, A6020, Austria
| | - Fudong Li
- National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stefan Mair
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, A6020, Austria
| | - Olga Krasheninina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, A6020, Austria
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, A6020, Austria.
| | - Aiming Ren
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Sirasunthorn N, Jailwala A, Gerber A, Comstock LR. Evaluation of
N
‐Mustard Analogues of
S
‐Adenosyl‐L‐methionine with Eukaryotic DNA Methyltransferase 1. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nichanun Sirasunthorn
- Department of Chemistry Wake Forest University 455 Vine Street Winston-Salem NC 27101–4135 USA
| | - Anuj Jailwala
- Department of Chemistry Wake Forest University 455 Vine Street Winston-Salem NC 27101–4135 USA
| | - Anna Gerber
- Department of Chemistry Wake Forest University 455 Vine Street Winston-Salem NC 27101–4135 USA
| | - Lindsay R. Comstock
- Department of Chemistry Wake Forest University 455 Vine Street Winston-Salem NC 27101–4135 USA
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5
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Halby L, Marechal N, Pechalrieu D, Cura V, Franchini DM, Faux C, Alby F, Troffer-Charlier N, Kudithipudi S, Jeltsch A, Aouadi W, Decroly E, Guillemot JC, Page P, Ferroud C, Bonnefond L, Guianvarc'h D, Cavarelli J, Arimondo PB. Hijacking DNA methyltransferase transition state analogues to produce chemical scaffolds for PRMT inhibitors. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0072. [PMID: 29685976 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA, RNA and histone methylation is implicated in various human diseases such as cancer or viral infections, playing a major role in cell process regulation, especially in modulation of gene expression. Here we developed a convergent synthetic pathway starting from a protected bromomethylcytosine derivative to synthesize transition state analogues of the DNA methyltransferases. This approach led to seven 5-methylcytosine-adenosine compounds that were, surprisingly, inactive against hDNMT1, hDNMT3Acat, TRDMT1 and other RNA human and viral methyltransferases. Interestingly, compound 4 and its derivative 2 showed an inhibitory activity against PRMT4 in the micromolar range. Crystal structures showed that compound 4 binds to the PRMT4 active site, displacing strongly the S-adenosyl-l-methionine cofactor, occupying its binding site, and interacting with the arginine substrate site through the cytosine moiety that probes the space filled by a substrate peptide methylation intermediate. Furthermore, the binding of the compounds induces important structural switches. These findings open new routes for the conception of new potent PRMT4 inhibitors based on the 5-methylcytosine-adenosine scaffold.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Halby
- CNRS FRE3600 ETaC, bât. IBCG, 31062 Toulouse, France.,Maison Française d'Oxford, CNRS, MEAE, 2-10 Norham Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Nils Marechal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Vincent Cura
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Céline Faux
- CNRS FRE3600 ETaC, bât. IBCG, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fréderic Alby
- Laboratoire Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue H. Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Troffer-Charlier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Srikanth Kudithipudi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wahiba Aouadi
- Laboratoire Architecture Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB-UMR 7257), Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Etienne Decroly
- Laboratoire Architecture Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB-UMR 7257), Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Laboratoire Architecture Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB-UMR 7257), Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Page
- Epiremed SAS, 1 Rue des Pénitents Blancs, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Clotilde Ferroud
- Laboratoire de chimie moléculaire, CMGPCE, EA7341, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Luc Bonnefond
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Dominique Guianvarc'h
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Cavarelli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- CNRS FRE3600 ETaC, bât. IBCG, 31062 Toulouse, France .,Churchill College, CB3 0DS Cambridge, UK
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6
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Hymbaugh SJ, Pecor LM, Tracy CM, Comstock LR. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1‐Dependent Labeling and Isolation of Histone H4 through
N
‐Mustard Analogues of
S
‐Adenosyl‐
l
‐methionine. Chembiochem 2019; 20:379-384. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Hymbaugh
- Department of ChemistryWake Forest University 455 Vine Street Wake Downtown NC 27101-4135 USA
| | - Lindsay M. Pecor
- Department of ChemistryWake Forest University 455 Vine Street Wake Downtown NC 27101-4135 USA
| | - Christopher M. Tracy
- Department of ChemistryWake Forest University 455 Vine Street Wake Downtown NC 27101-4135 USA
| | - Lindsay R. Comstock
- Department of ChemistryWake Forest University 455 Vine Street Wake Downtown NC 27101-4135 USA
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7
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Abstract
Chromatin is the universal template of genetic information in all eukaryotic organisms. Chemical modifications of the DNA-packaging histone proteins and the DNA bases are crucial signaling events in directing the use and readout of eukaryotic genomes. The enzymes that install and remove these chromatin modifications as well as the proteins that bind these marks govern information that goes beyond the sequence of DNA. Therefore, these so-called epigenetic regulators are intensively studied and represent promising drug targets in modern medicine. We summarize and discuss recent advances in the field of chemical biology that have provided chromatin research with sophisticated tools for investigating the composition, activity, and target sites of chromatin modifying enzymes and reader proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Fischle
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Environmental Epigenetics Program, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty
Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.
4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Masevičius V, Nainytė M, Klimašauskas S. Synthesis of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Analogs with Extended Transferable Groups for Methyltransferase-Directed Labeling of DNA and RNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 64:1.36.1-1.36.13. [PMID: 26967468 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0136s64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) is a ubiquitous methyl donor for a variety of biological methylation reactions catalyzed by methyltransferases (MTases). AdoMet analogs with extended propargylic chains replacing the sulfonium-bound methyl group can serve as surrogate cofactors for many DNA and RNA MTases enabling covalent deposition of these linear chains to their cognate targets sites in DNA or RNA. Here we describe synthetic procedures for the preparation of two representative examples of AdoMet analogs with a transferable hex-2-ynyl group carrying a terminal azide or amine functionality. Our approach is based on direct chemoselective alkylation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine at sulfur with corresponding nosylates under acidic conditions. We also describe synthetic routes to 6-substituted hex-2-yn-1-ols and their conversion to the corresponding nosylates. Using these protocols, synthetic AdoMet analogs can be prepared within 1 to 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoras Masevičius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Nainytė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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9
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Abstract
AbstractSulfur and nitrogen (half-)mustard carbonate analogues are a new class of compounds, easily synthesized by methoxycarbonylation reaction of the parent alcohols with dialkyl carbonates. In this work, their reactivity as novel, green electrophiles is reported. Reactions have been conducted in autoclave conditions at high temperature (180°C), under pressure and in absence of any base, as well as, in neat at atmospheric pressure, lower temperature (150°C) and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a base. Several nucleophiles have been investigated resulting, in some cases, in unexpected compounds, i.e., six-membered heterocycle piperidine. Reaction mechanism and kinetics have been studied confirming that these compounds retain the anchimeric effect of their mustard gas analogues, without being toxic. Noteworthy, a symmetrical nitrogen mustard carbonate has also been employed as reagent in the preparation of a new family of macrocycles i.e., azacrowns, before not easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Aricò
- 1Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University, 2137 Dorsoduro, 30123 Venezia
| | - Pietro Tundo
- 1Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University, 2137 Dorsoduro, 30123 Venezia
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10
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Tomkuvienė M, Kriukienė E, Klimašauskas S. DNA Labeling Using DNA Methyltransferases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 945:511-535. [PMID: 27826850 PMCID: PMC11032744 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (MTases) uniquely combine the ability to recognize and covalently modify specific target sequences in DNA using the ubiquitous cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet). Although DNA methylation plays important roles in biological signaling, the transferred methyl group is a poor reporter and is highly inert to further biocompatible derivatization. To unlock the biotechnological power of these enzymes, two major types of cofactor AdoMet analogs were developed that permit targeted MTase-directed attachment of larger moieties containing functional or reporter groups onto DNA. One such approach (named sequence-specific methyltransferase-induced labeling, SMILing) uses reactive aziridine or N-mustard mimics of the cofactor AdoMet, which render targeted coupling of a whole cofactor molecule to the target DNA. The second approach (methyltransferase-directed transfer of activated groups, mTAG) uses AdoMet analogs with a sulfonium-bound extended side chain replacing the methyl group, which permits MTase-directed covalent transfer of the activated side chain alone. As the enlarged cofactors are not always compatible with the active sites of native MTases, steric engineering of the active site has been employed to optimize their alkyltransferase activity. In addition to the described cofactor analogs, recently discovered atypical reactions of DNA cytosine-5 MTases involving non-cofactor-like compounds can also be exploited for targeted derivatization and labeling of DNA. Altogether, these approaches offer new powerful tools for sequence-specific covalent DNA labeling, which not only pave the way to developing a variety of useful techniques in DNA research, diagnostics, and nanotechnologies but have already proven practical utility for optical DNA mapping and epigenome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Tomkuvienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-10222, Lithuania
| | - Edita Kriukienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-10222, Lithuania
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11
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Hymbaugh Bergman SJ, Comstock LR. N-mustard analogs of S-adenosyl-L-methionine as biochemical probes of protein arginine methylation. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5050-5055. [PMID: 26037613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosomes, the fundamental building blocks of eukaryotic chromatin, undergo post-synthetic modifications and play a major role in the regulation of transcriptional processes. Combinations of these modifications, including methylation, regulate chromatin structure, determining its different functional states and playing a central role in differentiation. The biological significance of cellular methylation, particularly on chromatin, is widely recognized, yet we know little about the mechanisms that link biological methylation events. To characterize and fully understand protein methylation, we describe here novel N-mustard analogs of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as biochemical tools to better understand protein arginine methylation events using protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Specifically, azide- and alkyne-functionalized N-mustard analogs serve as cofactor mimics of SAM and are enzymatically transferred to a model peptide substrate in a PRMT1-dependent fashion. Once incorporated, the resulting alkynes and azides can be modified through chemoselective ligations, including click chemistry and the Staudinger ligation. These results readily demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing N-mustard analogs as biochemical tools to site-specifically label substrates of PRMT1 and serve as an alternative approach to study protein methylation events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay R Comstock
- Wake Forest University, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, United States.
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12
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Kogami M, Koketsu M. An efficient method for the synthesis of selenium modified nucleosides: its application in the synthesis of Se-adenosyl-l-selenomethionine (SeAM). Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9405-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A versatile method for the synthesis of 5′-selenium modified nucleosides has been explored on the basis of a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (TSE) selenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kogami
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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13
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Ramadan M, Bremner-Hay NK, Carlson SA, Comstock LR. Synthesis and evaluation of N6-substituted azide- and alkyne-bearing N-mustard analogs of S-adenosyl-l-methionine. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Arico' F, Evaristo S, Tundo P. Behaviour of iprit carbonate analogues in solventless reactions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur iprit carbonate analogues showed to undergo nucleophilic substitution with several substrates in neat conditions at atmospheric pressure, in the presence and in the absence of a catalytic amount of base.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Arico'
- Green Chemistry Group
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Informatics and Statistics
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice
- Venezia 30123, Italy
| | - S. Evaristo
- Green Chemistry Group
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Informatics and Statistics
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice
- Venezia 30123, Italy
| | - P. Tundo
- Green Chemistry Group
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Informatics and Statistics
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice
- Venezia 30123, Italy
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15
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Du Y, Hendrick CE, Frye KS, Comstock LR. Fluorescent DNA labeling by N-mustard analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2225-33. [PMID: 22961989 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Azide and alkyne-functionalized N-mustard analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine have been synthesized and were demonstrated to undergo efficient methyltransferase-dependent DNA alkylation by M.TaqI and M.HhaI. Subsequent labeling of the DNA with a fluorophore was carried out using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry and was visualized by fluorescence scanning. This work demonstrates the utility of functionalized N-mustard analogues as biochemical tools to study biological methylation and offers a facile way to site-selectively label substrates of DNA methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Du
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
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